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Pharmacogenomics in Pediatric Cancer Patients Treated with Irinotecan: A Systematic Review
Background: Irinotecan, a vital chemotherapeutic in pediatric oncology, often causes severe toxicities, including grade 3-4 neutropenia and diarrhoea. These adverse events are strongly linked to interpatient variability in the metabolism of its active metabolite, SN-38, primarily by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) enzyme. Polymorphisms like UGT1A1*28 and *6 impair this detoxification, increasing toxicity risk. While UGT1A1 genotyping is standard for adults, pediatric-specific guidelines are lacking due to developmental differences in enzyme expression and pharmacokinetics. This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on UGT1A1 pharmacogenomics in pediatric cancer patients receiving irinotecan, focusing on genotype-toxicity associations, implementation challenges, and research gaps. Methodology: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE (January 2000 – August 2025). Included studies involved pediatric patients (
Clinical trials of GPE-based muscle support algorithm for robotic hip exoskeleton: a pilot study
3D Printing in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Three-dimensional (3D) printing (additive manufacturing) is a new breakthrough in the modern dentistry that is more accurate, customized, and effective than traditional methods. Initially developed as an industry-scale prototyping system, 3D printing has evolved in a very short time into a digital dentistry core product with imaging, computer-aided design (CAD), and biocompatible material developments. Its applications have since been distributed to a variety of dental specialties, such as in prosthodontics, orthodontics, implantology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics and endodontics. Crowns, bridges, dentures, surgical guides, aligners and tissue scaffolds can be manufactured using 3D printing in clinical practice and increase predictability of treatment outcome and patient satisfaction significantly. Moreover, the implementation of chairside 3D printing has reduced the dependence on the laboratory, reduced the time of treatment, and optimized the workflow. Recent progress, in bio-printing and regenerative therapies, also promises opportunities in the use of 3D printing in synthesis of scaffolds and biomaterials in bone and periodontal regeneration, and a future of biologically integrated applications. Scattered with its impressive potential, problems can still be pointed out, such as the high start-up cost, lack of long-term statistics on the performance of materials and the fact that regulatory and educational structures are necessary to facilitate safe implementation. Comparison with the literature in the past shows consistent evidence of accuracy and efficiency, and highlights current limitations in material science and standardization. In general, 3D printing is a paradigm shift in dental care, and ongoing technological and scientific advancements bring the industry to the next stage of fully personalized, cost-effective, and regenerative treatment options.
Genome-wide insights into genetic diversity of endemic and non-endemic Ixodes ricinus populations
Abstract Ixodes ricinus, a major vector of tick-borne pathogens in Europe, exhibits considerable geographic variation in genetic structure and vector competence. This study investigates genome-wide polymorphism and population structure in I. ricinus populations from Türkiye -where tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is not endemic—compared to populations from Germany and Algeria, for which genomic data are publicly available. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 15 individuals from four geographically distinct Turkish populations and evaluated with German and Algerian samples available in GenBank. Principal component analysis (PCA) and ADMIXTURE clustering revealed clear genetic separation between Turkish and German populations. Genomic diversity scans identified 37 highly differentiated genomic regions, several of which contained genes associated with detoxification, lipid metabolism, chemosensory processes, and ion transport—functions relevant to vectorial capacity and local adaptation. Gene Ontology enrichment analyses supported these findings, highlighting overrepresentation of carotene and terpene metabolism pathways. Notably, Turkish populations exhibited more admixture and heterogeneity than the genetically homogeneous German population. These results highlight region-specific genomic differentiation in I. ricinus, which may influence ecological interactions and vector-associated traits.
Age Estimation in Living Adults: An Investigation into Pulp to Tooth Area Ratios
Introduction: In forensic odontology, age determination of living individuals as part of establishing identity is becoming increasingly crucial. Several studies suggest that assessing the morphological features of adult human teeth using orthopantomograms is more dependable than other approaches for estimating age. These studies require that some corrections be made for size variations in the magnification of radiographs and angulations between the X-ray beam and film. To overcome this problem, some researchers suggest using the pulp/tooth area ratio instead of their direct measurement. Methodology: This study describes an orthopantogram-based method for the estimation of age in living individuals from single-rooted premolars. The reliability of this method was cross-checked by taking measurements from the same sectioned teeth. Result: We found that the radiographs were able to predict the age with 70% accuracy, and the tooth sections were able to predict the age with 73% accuracy. As there was a strong correlation of 85% between the two methods, they are similar in predicting the age of an individual. Conclusion: We concluded that the radiographic method using orthopantomograms is a dependable non-invasive method for the estimation of age in living adult individuals.
Quadrant swapping technique for partial shaded solar photovoltaic system
Abstract Solar energy is one among the most essential renewable sources, and its use is vital to the long-term progress in environmental and energy development. Partial shadowing issues are frequently encountered for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and they always influence the PV array’s output power production. There are numerous methods used to reconfigure the PV arrays to extract the possible maximum power. However, those methods have sub-optimal performance in addressing certain possible PV array configurations [series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tie (TCT), SP-TCT, and honeycomb (HC)-TCT]. This method involves the investigation of a 4 × 4 matrix and the incorporation of a switching matrix in the proposed quadrant swapping reconfiguration algorithm. Ten different shading conditions are taken into consideration randomly to confirm the efficacy of this work. A PV array (4 × 4) experimental setup with partial shading yielded an enhanced output power in all the cases. The proposed quadrant swapping method yields the highest output power of 136 W. For three cases, the mismatch and power loss are zero. The proposed quadrant swapping technique improves the output power, and fill factor and reduces the power loss and mismatch loss for all partial shading scenarios. The proposed technique can be applied to large PV systems to enhance their performance. However, they remain profitable on an economic level, as demonstrated by the techno-economic analysis.
HIV and its Oral Manifestations: Insights from a Case Report
Background: HIV and AIDS remain one of the leading causes of global mortality, with significant socio-economic and psychological implications. Oral manifestations are essential for diagnosing HIV, as early detection of these lesions can identify the progression to AIDS. Case Presentation: A 45-year-old female patient presented with oral complaints, including gum pain, weight loss, fever, and skin lesions. Clinical examination revealed pseudomembranous candidiasis and linear gingival erythema. HIV diagnosis was confirmed through HIV antibody testing and CD4 count. The patient underwent a comprehensive clinical examination and relevant laboratory tests to assess both oral health and HIV status. HIV testing was performed using multiple assays, with a reactive result. A complete blood count (CBC) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) test were conducted to identify HIV-related oral manifestations. The patient's CD4 count was reduced to 222 cells/mm³, indicating an impaired immune system. The observed oral lesions were consistent with HIV-related pseudomembranous candidiasis and gingivitis. After initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), partial resolution of the lesions was observed within 20 days of treatment. Conclusion: Oral lesions, especially candidiasis, are an early indicator of HIV infection. Dentists play a vital role in detecting HIV, which enables early intervention and timely treatment. Early recognition and treatment of oral manifestations are crucial in improving the prognosis of HIV-positive patients, particularly in resource-limited settings where advanced diagnostic tools may be unavailable.
Effect of watermelon pomace on physicochemical, textural, and antioxidant properties of vegan jellies
Nutrigenomics: A Narrative Review of Diet's Influence on Periodontal Health
Nutrigenomics is a methodical study of the impact of nutrition input on the natural environment and genetic factors and their application to the health of the periodontium will offer valuable insights in the pathogenic processes of the disease. The relevance of the interface between nutrigenomics and prophylaxis/therapeutic approaches to periodontal disease is currently interrogated in the present review with respect to the relationship between periodontal status and the variety of nutrients and dietary compounds, the macronutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and micronutrients. A review is also given on recent nutrigenomic discoveries that refer to gingival health. All of this evidence represents that genetic heterogeneity adjusts digestive efficiency and predisposition to periodontal pathology. The connection between nutrition and periodontal health is mused upon, and special consideration has been given to the effect that components of the diet have on the periodontal gene expression and inflammatory reactions. Despite the significant efforts undertaken, it is difficult to apply the nutrigenomic strategies in the practice of clinical work. Therefore, it is crucial that further research of the mechanisms peculiar to periodontal disease is continued to provide specific recommendations regarding diets, depending on the individual phenotype. In this way, this review underlines the promise of nutrigenomic technologies in supporting the field of periodontal care as well as in optimising the oral health of clinically heterogeneous populations.
Effects of modified woods saxon potential on quantum dynamics of spin 0 scalar particle in a cosmic string spacetime
Sturge Weber Syndrome: A Case Report
Background: Sturge-Weber syndrome is a congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by facial port-wine stain, seizures, intellectual disability, glaucoma, etc. After tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis, it is the most prevalent neurocutaneous condition. Case Presentation: A 16-year-old male patient presented with a unilateral port wine stain on the right side of the face and pain in the right side of the eye. On the clinical examination, there was a port-wine stain present extraorally and intraorally, and generalized bleeding on probing from the gingiva. The patient's past medical history revealed glaucoma for 6 years, and he is under medication. Sturge-Weber syndrome consists of ocular, neurological, cutaneous and oral manifestations. The most common manifestation seen on the unilateral side of the face and involves the intra-orally unilateral side. In the present case, there is a glaucoma in the right eye and a port-wine stain on the right side of the eye. Based on the Roach classification, our case fell under Type-I. Conclusion: Sturge weber syndrome requires a multidisciplinary team work and all the treatment are symptomatic, there is no cure for the syndrome. Patient need ophthalmologist for the follow up due to risk of developing glaucoma and the dermatologist for the development of the lesion.
Safety and efficacy of one-dose nocturnal levetiracetam for the treatment of self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: a randomized clinical trial
Esthetic Management of a Discolored Permanent Tooth with Open Apex Using Nonsurgical Retreatment and Bio-Obturation
Background: Traumatic injuries to anterior teeth often result in pulpal necrosis and incomplete root development, posing challenges for both endodontic and esthetic rehabilitation. Traditional apexification methods have evolved with the advent of bioceramic materials, which now allow for more predictable outcomes. In addition, patient esthetic expectations necessitate an integrated approach combining both restorative and cosmetic procedures. Case Presentation: A 20-year-old female presented with a discoloured and previously traumatized maxillary right central incisor (#11), which had undergone failed root canal treatment and exhibited an open apex. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed periapical pathology and an inadequately obturated canal. Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment was initiated, followed by apexification using MTA to establish an apical barrier and BIO-C repair for complete Bio-obturation. Subsequent internal bleaching was performed to address intrinsic discoloration, and the final esthetic outcome was achieved with an indirect composite veneer. Follow-up visits confirmed resolution of periapical pathology and satisfactory esthetics and function. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that a stepwise, minimally invasive approach involving endodontic retreatment along with bioactive material-based apexification, internal bleaching, and conservative restorative techniques can successfully manage complex cases involving open apices and anterior tooth discoloration. The preservation of natural tooth structure and restoration of esthetics are achievable with careful planning and execution.
Children with and without reading difficulty value robot reading companions that are smart, supportive, and personalised
Abstract As social robots are being increasingly deployed in educational settings, it is critically important to understand which design features make robots most likely to be accepted by children and to deliver benefits in education contexts. To deepen our understanding of young readers’ expectations, needs, and desires for a robot that supports reading, we conducted co-design sessions followed by a semi-structured interview with children aged 5–9 years (30 children with typical reading and a case series of five children with poor reading, of which four were enroled in reading interventions at the time the study was conducted and were regularly attending one-on-one reading remediation sessions). We applied a mixed-method approach including thematic analysis of interview data using a reflexive and inductive approach. The children in this study designed robots that could deliver reading-specific support alongside more general emotional support. Key functional features and capabilities included prosocial behaviours (smiling, play, and conversation), breadth of knowledge that assumed access to information about many topics, including core academic skills (reading and mathematics). Key aesthetic features included colourful, compact, and customisable designs. These findings have implications for the design and implementation of social robots to support reading and suggest that children are very much open to interacting with reading robot companions.
Assessment of Smoking Behaviors, Attitudes, and Health Perceptions: A Comprehensive Survey
Introduction: Tobacco consumption is a leading cause of death globally, with significant impacts on public health. In India, tobacco use contributes to a substantial loss in GDP and is a major risk factor for various diseases. This study investigates smoking behaviors, attitudes, and health perceptions to understand the factors influencing smoking and attempts to quit. To assess smoking behavior, health perceptions, attitudes towards smoking, and awareness of smoking-related risks in participants, along with the relationship between smoking habits and health. Methods: The study used a voluntary online survey, collecting data on smoking frequency, age of initiation, awareness of smoking risks, and the impact of smoking on oral and general health. The survey also examined participants’ attempts to quit smoking and their motivations for smoking. Methodology: Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to evaluate associations between smoking behaviors and health conditions. Results: The majority of respondents were non-smokers (73.6%), with most smokers starting in early adulthood. Stress was the primary motivator for smoking among smokers. Awareness of health risks was high (88.7%), but quitting attempts were limited, with a significant number of smokers making fewer than five attempts to quit. Oral health problems were reported by a small number of smokers, with most respondents reporting no issues. Conclusion: While there is a high level of awareness of the health risks associated with smoking, efforts to quit are limited. Interventions targeting stress and habit-breaking strategies, as well as more inclusive research covering smokeless tobacco, are needed.
Modulation of biochemical constituents, nutritional status, growth and flowering of Brunfelsia grandiflora via supplying diverse silicon sources
Abstract Recently, several countries have been using silicon (Si) fertilization in agricultural plants. The application of Si has a beneficial role on plant growth via affecting the cellular metabolites and physiological events. However, there are little findings that interpret the impact of different Si sources on physiological and agronomical traits of Brunfelsia grandiflora. Along the two seasons of 2022 and 2023, this study examined the impact of different Si sources (diatomite (DM), which comprises several elements and soluble SiO2 (86–89%), potassium silicate K2O5Si2 (PS), and silica-nanoparticles (SNP)) at different rates on biochemical constituents, nutritional status, growth and flowering of B. grandiflora. In addition to check treatment (no Si application), three levels of each of DM (2.5%, 5%, and 10%; DM2.5, DM5, and DM10, respectively), PS (1, 2 and 3 g L–1; PS1, PS2 and PS3, respectively), and SNP (100, 200, and 300 mg L− 1; SNP100, SNP200 and SNP300, respectively) were sprayed three times at four-week intervals, initiating 30 days after planting. The estimated data showed that DM and SNP as sources of Si had remarkable potential for ameliorating photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin, nutrients content and secondary metabolites, hence the morphological and flowering traits of B. grandiflora. SNP had a positive impact comparable with DM or PS. Foliar application of SNP100 exhibited the maximum increases in plant pigments concentration with high healthy status and flower production. However, the supplementation of DM as a natural Si fertilizer should not be neglected where DM2.5 had acceptable growth and flowering potential compared to PS and untreated plants. Si supplementation, particularly with SNP and DM, improved morphological and floral traits by boosting pigment content (photosynthetic and anthocyanin), increasing phenolics and flavonoids level, and enhancing overall antioxidant capacity. The growers are advised to insert Si in fertilization programs of B. grandiflora to obtain high flower yield and quality. According to the availability, application of silica-nanoparticles at 100 mg L− 1 or diatomite 2.5% are costless and good practices to nourish B. grandiflora plants.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography - Assisted Surgical Management of Root Canal Perforation
Background: A common occurrence in endodontic treatment, root canal perforation (RCP) originates from the accidental connection between the periodontal space and the root canal. Among the various issues this condition can bring about are tooth loss, periapical lesions, and infection. Correct outcomes depend on proper treatment and early diagnosis. Case Presentation: Forty-year-old patient presented with mild discomfort, some dental movement, and greyish discoloration of tooth number 11. Clinical and radiographic exams found gutta-percha expelled from a root canal hole. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was used to assess the size, position, degree of the hole, and concomitant periapical illness. Bone grafting and simultaneously apical sealing were used in the surgical intervention using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) for obturation. Six months later follow-up showed significant with growth of new bone. CBCT imaging is necessary for RCP's correct diagnosis and surgical planning, to ensure accurate intervention. MTA sealed the hole tightly, also accelerating healing and preventing further infection. This case demonstrates how well-advanced imaging mixed with biocompatible materials performs to have favorable outcomes in challenging endodontic treatments. Conclusion: MTA obturation and CBCT imaging are therefore valuable tools in the management of root canal perforations, improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment precision, and long-term healing, and so patient outcomes.
Preparation and enzymatic activity analysis of rChiA-DP derived from the Bacillus proteolyticus IMH/B-1 Strain isolated from Dermacentor nuttalli
USAG-1 Inhibition: Paving the Way for Lab-Grown Tooth Regeneration in Modern Dentistry
Tooth loss is a prevalent health issue that traditional solutions address through either prosthodontic restorations or dental implants. Laboratory-produced bioengineered teeth are no longer a scientific speculation, as regenerative medicine continues to make innovative progress. The critical advancement within this research area relies on USAG-1 (Uterine Sensitization Associated Gene-1) gene suppression which blocks tooth development. Scientists have shown that USAG-1 inhibition leads to supernumerary tooth growth through recent studies thereby creating a modern dental therapeutic option. The investigative analysis reviews existing knowledge about lab-grown teeth to explore USAG-1 regulation of dental tissue regeneration together with potential treatments despite implementation barriers.