Browse Articles

Modulation of nitrogen metabolising enzymes and the photosynthetic pigments in wheat upon exogenous application of marigold leachates

Biocompatibility and antioxidant effects of hydroxyapatite-quercetin composites: in vitro and in ovo studies

Immune factors produced by PBMCs upon stimulation with lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1-derived exopolysaccharides inhibit HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 replication

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic entered a controllable phase due to vaccine and drug development. The development of defense strategies of enhancing host innate immunity remains imperative to counter the emergence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 (OLL1073R-1)-derived exopolysaccharides (R-1 EPS), a natural immunomodulator, against coronaviral infection. The inhibitory effect of R-1 EPS on HCoV-229E was evaluated first and subsequently extended to SARS-CoV-2. Cell culture supernatant was obtained by stimulating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with R-1 EPS (R-1 sup), and the inhibitory effect of R-1 sup on coronaviruses was evaluated using the human lung cell line, MRC5. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines were detected in R-1 sup, and replication of both HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 was significantly suppressed in MRC5 cells pretreated with R-1 sup. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that type I IFN signaling was upregulated in R-1 sup-treated MRC5 cells. Our results suggest that immune factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, in R-1 sup, enhance type I IFN response, resulting in an inhibitory effect on both HCoV-229E and SARA-CoV-2. Although this study is an in vitro investigation and requires further in vivo validation, the findings provide a scientific basis for the application of OLL1073R-1 and R-1 EPS as preventive strategies against HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2.

Distinct safety profiles of albumin-bound nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer focusing on hematologic and hepatobiliary risks

Evaluation of teicoplanin protein-binding variability and clinical utility of its free serum concentration measurement

Tenofovir attenuates cytokine storm and bronchiolar damage in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced acute lung injury

Chinese crop diseases and pests named entity recognition based on variational information bottleneck and feature enhancement

Research on the high velocity compaction process of iron-based powder based on the DEM

Protective effects of melatonin and naringenin against acitretin induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling

Abstract Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) represents a major clinical challenge, often limiting the therapeutic use of agents such as acitretin, a second-generation retinoid prescribed for psoriasis. This study established and characterized a rat model of acitretin-induced hepatotoxicity, aiming to explore potential biomarkers and mechanisms of protection. Fifty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, acitretin, melatonin + acitretin, naringenin + acitretin, and combination treatment. Biochemical liver function tests, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analyses were performed. Acitretin administration significantly elevated serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and bilirubin levels, with concurrent reductions in serum albumin.Query Oxidative stress markers (MDA, nitrite) were increased, while antioxidant defenses (GSH, catalase) were compromised. Acitretin activated the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, elevated TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and triggered JAK/STAT3 signaling, contributing to inflammation, apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, and early fibrotic changes marked by TGF-β and MMP-9 upregulation. Treatment with melatonin and naringenin significantly mitigated these alterations, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis. Notably, combination therapy provided superior hepatoprotection compared to individual treatments, suggesting a synergistic effect. These findings propose melatonin and naringenin as promising adjuncts to enhance the safety profile of acitretin therapy in clinical practice.

Flow velocity and boundary effects on fish interaction

Environmental modulation enhances benzene phytoremediation by Aglaonema and Dracaena in indoor settings

Optimization of friction stir welding parameters for enhanced mechanical properties of AISI 1018 carbon steel

Subcutaneous interstitial pressure measurement during early septic shock: an exploratory study

Actinobacteria mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their weedicidal potential against Parthenium hysterophorous Linnaeus

Sentiment analysis with echo state network and augmented water cycle algorithm

Cox proportional hazards model with Bayesian neural network for survival prediction

A comparison of partner resemblance trends across putative same-sex and opposite-sex couples in the UK biobank

Mechanistic evaluation of surfactant assisted smart water flooding with sulfate and phosphate anions

Abstract Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) poses a significant challenge for carbonate rock reservoirs in the oil and gas industry. To address this, researchers have introduced methods such as smart water and surfactant-assisted injections. The complex and heterogeneous nature of these rock formations requires a comprehensive understanding of the processes during injection. In recent years, researchers have used phosphate and sulfate anions for smart water injections. While sulfate anion injections have received considerable attention, a significant gap remains in understanding the impact of phosphate anions. This gap calls for further exploration and study to uncover the potential effects of phosphate anion injections. A comprehensive understanding of their EOR mechanisms has yet to be efficiently achieved. This study aimed to examine the impact of sulfate ( $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ ), mono- ( $${\text{HPO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ ) and dihydrogen ( $${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{4}^{-}$$ ) phosphate anions on altering wettability in oil-wet carbonate rock and reducing water/oil interfacial tension. The simultaneous use of these anions with a cationic surfactant, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) was also investigated. These mechanisms were explored through experimental tests, including contact angle measurements, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) imaging, zeta potential measurements, and spontaneous imbibition. Contact angle measurements showed that $${\text{HPO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ and $${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{4}^{-}$$ anions perform better than $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ in restoring water-wetness to carbonate rocks. FTIR-ATR analysis confirmed that carbonate rock exhibits higher water-wettability in solutions enriched with $${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{4}^{-}$$ . Zeta potential assessments showed a shift in the charge of oil-wet carbonate rock: from -54.9 mV to -32.4 mV with $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ , -16.4 mV with $${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{4}^{-}$$ , and -24.8 mV with $${\text{HPO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ . Moreover, the spontaneous imbibition test enabled us to calculate oil recovery. The computed oil recovery values for low-salinity water enriched with $${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{4}^{-}$$ , $${\text{HPO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ , and $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ were 48%, 44%, and 36%, respectively. Finally, these recovery values significantly increased to 78%, 74%, and 66% for $${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{4}^{-}$$ , $${\text{HPO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ , and $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ solutions after exposure of the core plug sample to CTAB. Therefore, the presence of $${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{4}^{-}$$ ion, in conjunction with CTAB, yielded the most favorable results across all conducted tests.

Two stage large language model approach enhancing entity classification and relationship mapping in radiology reports

Anti-CD19/CD20 bispecific antibody with dual Fc domains mediates enhanced effector functions and durable depletion of memory B cells in vivo