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Prevalence of physical activity among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in public facilities Harari region Eastern Ethiopia
Protection and Analysis of Intangible Cultural Heritage Videos Based on Keyframe Extraction and Adaptive Weight Assignment
To preserve the intangible cultural heritage digitally and effectively manage and analyze the intangible cultural heritage video data, the research creatively employs target recognition algorithms and keyframe extraction to perform video extraction and analysis. The keyframe extraction and target detection model is constructed with the help of shot boundary detection, feature pyramid network, and attention mechanism. The experimental results revealed that the designed keyframe extraction model outperformed all the other methods, achieving an accuracy rate of 0.996, a recall rate of 0.984, and an F1 score of 0.936 on the dataset used in the study. This model’s average keyframe redundancy was 0.02, and the missed and false detection rates were both below 0.25. This indicated a strong ability to recognize key content in videos. Meanwhile, the model’s performance changed little under the test with the addition of random noise perturbation, demonstrating good robustness and generalization ability. The detection error converged to the minimum value of 0.126, and the highest value of prediction box generation accuracy could reach 0.834, which was 41.57% improved. In the video processing of intangible cultural heritage, the missing rate and false positive rate of the target object were at the lowest level as low as 0.20. Through keyframe extraction and target detection, the study realizes the effective protection and analysis of intangible cultural heritage cultural videos, and promotes the inheritance and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage.
Structural basis of Fusobacterium nucleatum adhesin Fap2 interaction with receptors on cancer and immune cells
Abstract Fusobacterium nucleatum is overrepresented in the colon microbiome of colorectal cancer patients and has been associated with tumor growth enhancement and metastasis. A pivotal pathogenic factor, the autotransporter adhesin Fap2, facilitates association to cancer and immune cells via the receptors Gal-GalNAc and TIGIT, respectively, leading to deactivation of immune cells. Mechanistic details of the Fap2/TIGIT interaction remain elusive as no structural data are available. Here, we report a system to recombinantly express functional Fap2 on the Escherichia coli surface, which interacts with Gal-GalNAc on cancer cells and with purified TIGIT with submicromolar affinity. Cryo-EM structures of Fap2, alone and in complex with TIGIT, show that the elongated ~50 nm long Fap2 extracellular region binds to TIGIT on its membrane-distal tip via an extension of a β-helix domain. Moreover, by combining structure predictions, cryo-EM, docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we identified a binding pit for Gal-GalNAc on the tip of Fap2.
Solvent-driven spectroscopic and quantum chemical evaluation of 2-[(trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]thiophene with molecular docking insights
The prevalence and correlates of obstructive lung disease among adults aged 45 and above in India: Findings from the longitudinal aging study in India
Despite its high disease burden, few existing estimates of the prevalence of obstructive lung disease in India are based on high-quality data sources. To our knowledge, prior studies at the national level have not included objective measurements of lung function. The Longitudinal Aging Study in India administered spirometry to adults 45 years and older (N = 31,103). We estimated inverse probability weights to account for sample selection processes and quantified the prevalence of obstructive lung disease overall and by region, age, and gender. We investigated the overlap among objective rates of obstructive lung disease, respiratory symptoms, and self-reported diagnoses. Additionally, we evaluated associations between obstructive lung disease and pertinent risk factors. The overall prevalence of obstructive lung disease was 14.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.4–15.4). Prevalence was higher among men than women (p < 0.001) and increased with age (p < 0.001). Disease awareness was low, with only 12.0% (95% CI 9.9–14.5) of men and 11.0% (95% CI 8.6–14.0) of women with obstructive lung disease reporting prior diagnoses of lung disease. We observed heterogeneity by region (p < 0.001), which largely remained after accounting for differences in demographic and risk factors. High prevalence and low disease awareness highlight important challenges in the prevention and management of obstructive lung disease in India. Multifaceted approaches are needed to address this disease burden, including understanding and lowering exposure to risk factors and improving infrastructure and resources for diagnosing and managing obstructive lung disease.
Solvent engineering enables tin-lead perovskite films with long carrier diffusion lengths and reduced tin segregation
Laboratory risk management for INR alert values
Abstract The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is a laboratory test used to monitor and adjust medication with vitamin K antagonists. The alert values of the INR obtained in the laboratory must be managed efficiently to provide the best management for the patient. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk levels associated with INR alert values for the laboratory in a tertiary care hospital and compare the findings with the established benchmarks. The study was conducted from September 2023 to August 2024 at the Clinical Laboratory from Emergency County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures. Both risk levels associated with the occurrence of alert values for INR > 4.5 and underlying causes of these values were assessed. Plasma samples collected in all wards were analyzed using Sysmex CS-2500 instrument. The sample’s journey through the laboratory was analyzed. The risk was assessed and a daily probability of alert value occurrence for INR was calculated. A total number of 42,799 plasma samples were analyzed, out of which 347 (0.81%) had INR alert values and were collected from 246 patients, some having more than one sample collected. This study showed that INR alert values > 4.5 represent an Unacceptable risk level, with an expected daily occurrence of λ = 0.95 (61% probability of ≥ 1 event per day). The consequence is critical in the risk assessment matrix that corresponds to a frequent probability. The laboratory considered the risk of INR values > 4.5 to be unacceptable both as frequency and consequences. Incomplete documentations of phone communications and resampling delays (> 6 h in 30% of the samples) were identified as potential failure modes. Therefore, laboratories are expected to implement strict control measures to effectively mitigate this risk.
TGFBR1 gene silencing attenuates cardiomyopathy in the HFpEF mouse model
Myocardial fibrosis is a principal factor in the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Prior research has substantiated the profibrotic impact of transforming growth factor β1. Nevertheless, the function of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR) in HFpEF remains uncertain. In this study, we found an increase in myocardial TGFBR1 expression in mice with HFpEF. Silencing of the TGFBR1 gene improved cardiac function in HFpEF mice by attenuating cardiac fibrosis, reducing myocardial hypertrophy, and ameliorating myocardial remodeling. At the mechanistic level, TGFBR1 gene silencing led to a reduction in myocardial collagen synthesis through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway and an inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in HFpEF mice. Additionally, we discovered that TGFBR1 gene silencing mitigated myocardial remodeling in HFpEF mice by suppressing TAK1-mediated PANoptosis, primarily because TGFBR1 gene silencing impeded the dissociation of RIPK1 and TAK1 and reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 6 expression. These findings indicate that TGFBR1 gene silencing enhances cardiac remodeling and function and represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HFpEF.
One-step electrochemical conversion of propane to acetone of 96% purity
Revisiting Pt foil catalysts for formamide electrosynthesis achieved at industrial-level current densities
Molecular basis of potent antiviral HLA-C-restricted CD8+ T cell response to an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitope
Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC) is a major clinical threat; however, VOC remain susceptible to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition. Therefore, it is crucial to identify potent CTL responses targeting conserved epitopes across VOCs. Here, we demonstrate that the nucleocapsid (N) protein induces efficient CTL responses in early pandemic COVID-19 convalescent donors. In the context of the HLA-A24-B52-C12 haplotype, prevalent in Japan, the KF9 peptide (N266-274: KAYNVTQAF) is immunodominant and restricted by HLA-C*12:02. KF9-specific T cells are cytotoxic and suppress viral replication of both the ancestral and multiple VOC SARS-CoV-2. KF9-specific CD8+ T cells maintain effector memory and terminally differentiated phenotypes for 12 months post-infection and proliferate rapidly upon recall. We also determine the structure of a TCR in the context of the HLA-C*12:02-KF9 complex, providing a prototype for the interaction of HLA-C with viral peptides. Surprisingly, despite the TCR’s high affinity, the CDR3β loop almost lacks contact with the KF9 peptide. These findings highlight the importance of conserved epitopes and the role of HLA-C molecules in controlling SARS-CoV-2 VOC.
Bayesian neural network with unified entropy source and synapse weights using 3D 16-layer Fe-diode array
A graph homomorphism approach for unraveling histories of metastatic cancers and viral outbreaks under evolutionary constraints
Sensing multi-directional forces at superresolution using taxel value isoline theory
Abstract Robots can benefit from touch perception for enhanced interaction. Interaction involves tactile sensing devices, contact objects, and complex directional force motions (normal and shear) in between. We introduce a comprehensive theory unifying them to advance sensor design, explain shear-induced performance drops, and suggest application scenarios. Our theory, based on sensor isolines, achieves superresolution sensing with sparse units, avoiding dense layouts. Through structural analysis of the sensor perception field, force sensitivity, and contact object effects, we also explore the force direction influences: normal, tangential shear, and radial shear forces. The model predicts an inherent accuracy reduction under shear forces compared to pure normal forces. Validation used Barodome, a 3D sensor predicting contact locations and decoupling shear/normal forces. Its performance confirmed the significant impact of shear forces, with observed drops (0.5 mm) closely matching theoretical predictions (0.33 mm). This theory provides valuable guidance for future tactile sensor design and advanced robotic touch systems.
Fire risk to structures in California’s Wildland-Urban Interface
Abstract The destructive impacts of wildfires on people, property and the environment have dramatically increased, especially in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) in California. In these areas structures are threatened by both approaching flames and lofted embers which spread fire into and within communities. While independent factors influencing structure fire protection are well known, their combined effects remain largely unquantified, limiting the accuracy of risk assessments and mitigation strategies. Here, we examine five major historical WUI fires—2017 Tubbs, 2017 Thomas, 2018 Camp, 2019 Kincade, and 2020 Glass Fires—utilizing machine learning (ML) analysis of on-the-ground post-fire data collection, remotely sensed data, and fire reconstruction modeling to assess patterns of structure loss and mitigation effectiveness. We show that the spacing between structures is a critical factor influencing fire risk, highlighting the importance of structure arrangement, while fire exposure, the ignition resistance (hardening) of structures, and clearing around structures (defensible space) work in combination to mediate fire risk. Utilizing an XGBoost classifier, structure survivability can be predicted to 82% accuracy. Results highlight the effectiveness of hardening and defensible space, with a hypothetical 52% reduction in losses. Our findings emphasize the need for community-level mitigation to reduce structure loss in future WUI fires.