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An open-label study to evaluate safety, efficacy, and acceptability of PentaSure Fiber in the management of functional constipation in children
Intramolecularly Synergic Catalysis Enables Efficient Closed‐Loop Recycling of Polyesters and Polycarbonates
ABSTRACT Efficient and selective chemical recycling of commercial plastics back to monomers is a pivotal strategy for achieving a circular plastics economy. However, rare catalysts can deliver versatility in both polymerization and depolymerization processes. Herein, we report an efficient and tolerant dinuclear zinc catalyst for the bulk depolymerization of various polyesters and polycarbonates to the corresponding cyclic monomers with >99% selectivity, and for repolymerization to virgin materials, through an intramolecular bimetallic synergistic dual‐activation mechanism. A record‐breaking activity of up to 43 kg of polymer/g of catalyst per hour was observed in the catalytic bulk poly( L ‐lactic acid) depolymerization with microwave assistance. The catalyst could be recycled several times without obvious loss in activity and selectivity. This work provides an effective guideline for catalyst design that closes the loop for commercial plastics, offering a direct route to transform plastic waste into renewable feedstocks and advancing a truly sustainable materials economy.
Phenotypic age acceleration and genetic risk synergistically increase age-related eye disease risk in the UK Biobank
Covalently PD‐L1 Anchoring Drives Bispecific Nanostructure Assembly for Spatial Control of T Cell Recruitment and Activation
ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint blockades have shown great potential in cancer therapy. However, achieving efficient recruitment and activation of T cells while blocking immune suppression remains a critical challenge. Current strategies mainly focus on the blockade of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis, with limited attention to reprogramming immune functions on the tumor cell surface. Here, we report a “localized oxidation‐covalent assembly” strategy that achieves precise modification of PD‐L1 on the cell surface through glycan oxidation, thereby harnessing bioorthogonal reactions to induce the in situ construction of artificial topological nanostructures (ATNs), which subsequently augment T cell‐mediated antitumor immunity. ATNs not only block the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis to relieve immune suppression but also recruit and activate T cells through transmembrane bridging interactions, mimicking bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) and markedly enhancing antitumor immune responses. Mechanistic studies revealed that N‐glycosylation sites are critical for probe‐mediated aldehyde modification of PD‐L1. We further demonstrated that the ATNs achieve spatially precise T cell recruitment and activation via PD‐L1‐dependent localization, enabling programmable immune regulation. Overall, this approach not only underscores the potential of glycan oxidation‐driven self‐assembly in immune modulation but also provides a versatile chemical biology tool for the precise reprogramming of immune checkpoint functions.
Heart rate and blood pressure variability differentiate hemorrhagic shock severity in rats
HBr‐Regulated Smart 2D Copper‐Organic Framework for Highly Efficient and Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation
ABSTRACT Smart covalent organic frameworks capable of modulating photocatalytic properties responsive to external stimuli represent next generation of emerging catalysts sought by researchers, yet studies on these dynamic materials and structure–activity relationships remain scarce. Herein, we report a smart metal covalent organic framework (Cu 3 ‐MCOF) incorporating copper cyclic trinuclear clusters (Cu 3 ) as redox‐active and structurally adaptive nodes, which exhibits dual responsiveness to hydrogen bromide (HBr) stimulation, undergoing reversible imine protonation and Br − ‐mediated reconstruction of copper nodes. These transformations induce pronounced narrowing of optical gap from 2.50 eV to 2.02 eV, a redshift in absorption onset from 500 nm to 613 nm, and enhanced charge separation efficiency. Consequently, Cu 3 ‐MCOF‐HBr achieves 40‐fold increase in photocatalytic activity for α‐terpinene oxidation, with superoxide radical selectivity exceeding 99%, compared to 41% for Cu 3 ‐MCOF. The same stimulus‐triggered enhancement is demonstrated in the photocatalytic 1,2,4‐trimethoxybenzene bromination. Spectroscopic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that synergistic imine protonation and cluster restructuring promote electron localization within Cu 3 units, facilitate spatial charge separation, and shift oxygen adsorption to imine sites, thereby selectively promoting superoxide radical generation. This work provides the smart MCOF photocatalyst based on dynamic metal‐cluster nodes and offers fundamental insights into stimulus‐driven regulation of photocatalytic pathways and selectivity.
A computational psychological approach to complex emotion: interest links complex emotion and attractiveness
High‐Redox‐Potential p‐Type Covalent Organic Frameworks With Abundant Active Sites for High‐Voltage and Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
ABSTRACT Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold great promise for advancing lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cathode performance and overcoming resource bottlenecks due to their abundant elemental synthesis, tunable functionality, and stability. However, most COF cathodes commonly suffer from relatively low redox potential and/or poor charge‐storage capability, which limits their energy densities. Here, we report the rational design of a p‐type high‐redox‐potential COF by polymerizing 10,15‐dihydro‐5,10,15‐triethyl‐5H‐diindolo[3,2‐a:3′,2′‐c]carbazole‐3,8,13‐triamine (TAT‐NH 2 ) and 9‐methyl‐9H‐carbazole‐3,6–dicarboxaldehyde (Cz‐CHO) building blocks (namely, TAT‐Cz COF). The COF features an extended π‐conjugated framework and a moderate pore size (∼2.3 nm), enabling efficient anion transport and insertion/de‐insertions. More importantly, by engineering high‐redox‐potential nitrogen sites into the COF, a high operating working voltage (3.0–4.5 V vs. Li + /Li) is achieved. As an LIB cathode, it delivers a high reversible capacity of 131 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C, along with excellent rate performance (65 mAh g −1 at 20 C). Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional cycling stability, retaining 76 mAh g −1 after 3000 cycles at 1.0 C with only 0.0114% capacity decay per cycle. In situ spectra and theoretical calculations reveal a highly reversible charge‐storage mechanism involving N + radical cations coordinated with PF 6 − anions. This work provides insights for developing high‐redox‐potential COFs with tailored structures and enhanced performance for high‐energy‐density organic cathodes.
Distinct positive and negative dimensions of psychotherapy treatment expectations across three independent samples
Abstract Treatment expectations are central to psychotherapy outcomes but are typically assessed as a unidimensional construct focusing on anticipated improvement. This study investigated whether expectations of improvement, worsening, and side effects, as measured by the Generic Rating Scale for Previous Treatment Experiences, Treatment Expectations, and Treatment Effects (GEEE), represent distinct dimensions in psychotherapy. We examined three samples differing in treatment context and symptom burden: patients currently in psychotherapy ( N = 102), prescreened patients awaiting psychotherapy ( N = 83), and a community sample of former psychotherapy patients who reported current mental health problems ( N = 219). Across all groups, expectations of improvement were distinct from expectations of worsening and side effects, whereas the latter two showed moderate overlap. Improvement expectations correlated strongly with the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ), while worsening and side effect expectations did not, indicating discriminant validity. In the psychotherapy sample, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with improvement expectations and positively with worsening and side effect expectations. The findings support the GEEE as a brief and multidimensional tool that extends beyond existing measures by capturing both positive and negative facets of treatment expectations. Differentiating these domains may help identify patients at risk of disengagement and inform tailored interventions to foster more adaptive expectation profiles in psychotherapy.
Facile Synthesis of α,ω‐Dihydroxy Telechelic Macromonomers From Ethylene and α‐Olefins for Recyclable Alternating Block Copolymers
ABSTRACT AA‐type α,ω‐dihydroxy telechelic polyolefins ( t POs) are key macromonomers for the step‐growth construction of circular polyolefin(‐like) materials and, in particular, block‐level sequence‐controlled olefin block copolymers (OBCs), yet a general route to α,ω‐dihydroxy t POs directly from commodity ethylene/α‐olefins has remained inaccessible. Here, a catalyst‐free tandem Zn–B exchange/oxidation enables near‐quantitative conversion of CCTP‐derived poly(ethylene‐ co ‐α‐olefin) polymeryl‐Zn intermediates into AA‐type α,ω‐dihydroxy t POs with >95% difunctional ratios while preserving industrially relevant microstructures and allowing scale‐up to ∼60 g per batch. These t POs and their corresponding diester t POs undergo polycondensation to afford alternating OBCs with controlled block lengths and tunable compositions. An architecture‐controlled comparison with corresponding random analogs further shows that, although the overall composition primarily determines the total crystallinity, the alternating sequence leads to a more homogeneous nanoscale physical network, lower viscoelastic dissipation, more effective strain hardening, and improved cyclic stability with reduced stress relaxation. These results demonstrate that the AA‐type telechelic platform not only expands telechelic polyolefin chemistry but also enables sequence‐programmable polyolefin architectures with distinct and practically meaningful performance advantages, establishing sequence control as a powerful design lever for recyclable multiblock polyolefin materials.
Automated identification of clinically important Candida yeast species for microscopic images using self-supervised learning
Chemical Design Principles for Managing the Capacity–Stability Trade‐Off in High‐Voltage Sodium Layered Cathodes
ABSTRACT High‐voltage layered transition‐metal (TM) oxides are attractive for sustainable sodium‐ion battery (SIB) cathodes, yet their development is constrained by the persistent capacity–stability trade‐off. Here, we establish a functional‐unit‐based design framework by decomposing the layered oxide lattice into active, buffer, and skeletal units that govern redox capacity, structural accommodation, and framework stability. Through systematic evaluation of TMO 6 octahedra, NiO 6 , MnO 6 , and TiO 6 are identified as representative functional units and integrated into a series of NaNi x /10 Mn y /10 Ti z /10 O 2 (NMTxyz) oxides to validate functional cooperation. Binary and functionally mismatched ternary configurations exhibit poor or lopsided electrochemical behavior, whereas functionally matched architectures simultaneously deliver high capacity and durable stability, exemplified by NMT523 and NMT433 cathodes. To translate these insights into design guideline, two quantitative descriptors, active unit content and functional unit mismatch, are introduced to regulate the balance between capacity and cycling stability.
AI-based performance feedback and coaching effectiveness: a moderated mediation model in football
Assembly‐Independent Intramolecular Chiroptical Amplification in Figure‐Eight‐Shape Multi‐Resonance Emitters: Efficient Solution‐Processed Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
ABSTRACT Incorporating chirality into multi‐resonance (MR) frameworks offers an attractive route to narrowband circularly polarized luminophores, yet chiroptical amplification is constrained by decoupling between chiral perturbation and MR‐confined radiative transitions. Self‐assembly amplifies chirality through helically coupled emissive dipoles, but its morphology‐dependent order conflicts with efficient electroluminescence. Here, we establish a self‐assembly‐independent intramolecular amplification strategy based on a C 2 ‐symmetric figure‐eight macrocyclic MR architecture. Theoretical calculations reveal that transition‐symmetry control and through‐space interchromophoric coupling strengthen intramolecular chiral exciton interactions while preserving intrinsic MR emission. TmCz‐[10]AD integrates narrowband emission, fast reverse intersystem crossing of 2.31 × 10 5 s −1 , high photoluminescence quantum yield and a dissymmetry factor (| g PL |) approaching 10 −2 , enabling solution‐processed organic electroluminescent (EL) device with a maximum external quantum efficiency exceeding 20.5% and an | g EL | value of 6.2 × 10 −3 .
Failure mechanism and energy evolution of deep hard rock subjected to true triaxial unloading under different initial stress differences
Abstract Research on the deformation and failure mechanism of deep hard rock is of great significance for the prevention and control of rockburst in high-stress underground engineering. In this study, true triaxial single-face unloading rockburst tests were conducted on Jinchang diorite under different initial stress differences. The effect of initial stress difference on strength response, failure behavior, and energy evolution mechanism of diorite was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, and the fractal dimension of rockburst fragments and rockburst proneness were quantitatively discussed. The results demonstrated that the peak strength increases significantly with increasing initial stress difference, and the macroscopic failure pattern evolves from randomly distributed tensile–shear coupled cracking to localized tensile slabbing along the unloading free surface. The fracture surface morphology changes from rough surfaces with irregular step-like tearing features to smooth cleavage planes with river-like patterns, and AE activity changes from gradual cluster-type signals to sudden main-shock-type release. In addition, a true triaxial discrete element numerical model based on PFC3D was established and calibrated to investigate the microcrack evolution and orientation under different initial stress differences, and the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental observations.
The impact of rejection sensitivity on suicidal ideation among college students: the role of social connectedness and negative affect
Abstract This study aimed to explore the relationship between rejection sensitivity and suicidal ideation among college students and to examine the chain-mediated role of social connectedness and negative affect in this association. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 1152 college students (43.75% female, 56.25% male) were recruited through stratified cluster convenience sampling and completed measures assessing rejection sensitivity, social connectedness, negative affect, and suicidal ideation. Bivariate correlations were examined, and mediation analyses were conducted to test whether social connectedness and negative affect independently and sequentially mediated the association between rejection sensitivity and suicidal ideation. Rejection sensitivity was positively associated with negative affect and suicidal ideation, and negatively associated with social connectedness. Social connectedness and negative affect each independently mediated the relationship between rejection sensitivity and suicidal ideation, and they also functioned as chain mediators in this relationship. Overall, rejection sensitivity was both directly and indirectly associated with suicidal ideation through the chain-mediated effects of social connectedness and negative affect.
A Synergistic C <sub>2+</sub> Alcohols/Olefins‐Intermediated Pathway Boosts CO <sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Aromatics
ABSTRACT The rational design of highly efficient catalysts and the development of novel reaction pathways are eternal themes and central challenges in the field of chemical synthesis. Here, we design a dual‐engine catalytic system for CO 2 hydrogenation to aromatics via a synergistic C 2+ alcohols/olefins pathway. The dual‐engine catalytic system initiated by FeCo active sites and CuZnAl promoters guarantees the continuous C 2+ alcohols/olefins supply, delivering a record‐breaking aromatics yield (31.1%) with the aid of aromatization component H‐ZSM‐5. Multiple characterization and theoretical simulations reveal that C 2+ alcohols trigger carbon‐chain growth through oxonium‐mediated rapid carbocation generation via a low‐barrier “protonation‐dehydration” sequence, whereas olefins serve as π‐substrates to propagate carbon‐chain. This synergy accelerates both oligomerization and subsequent aromatization, effectively circumventing both the sluggish initial C─C coupling of methanol‐mediated pathways and the high‐barrier direct protonation step in olefins‐mediated pathways. Techno‐economic analysis (TEA) further demonstrates the superior industrial viability of this novel process. This work establishes a new paradigm for designing efficient catalytic systems and engineering process toward sustainable CO 2 valorization.
Genome-wide detection of selection signatures in native anatolian goat breeds
Suppressing Multi‐Dimensional Defects in Cs <sub>0.05</sub> FA <sub>0.95</sub> PbI <sub>3</sub> Single Crystals Enables Efficient and Stable Back‐Contacted Perovskite Photovoltaics
ABSTRACT Back‐contacted architectures offer cost and stability advantages for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet their efficiencies have plateaued at ∼12% due to defect‐induced recombination and limited carrier diffusion in thin single crystals. Herein, a multi‐dimensional defect suppression strategy is reported to overcome this bottleneck by incorporating N‐methylformamidinium (MFA + ) into Cs 0.05 FA 0.95 PbI 3 (FA = CH(NH 2 ) 2 + ) crystals. MFA + strengthens interaction between A‐site cations with iodide ions, thereby suppressing iodide vacancies (point defects), relieving tensile microstrain, and eliminating dislocations and surface wrinkles (line and plane defects). This approach yields high‐quality crystals with extended electron diffusion lengths (∼400 µm). As a result, an impressive efficiency of 17.35% is obtained, representing a substantial advance over reported back‐contacted PSCs. Moreover, the devices exhibit excellent operational stability with no performance degradation after 1350 h of continuous light illumination. This work highlights the importance of suppressing multi‐dimensional defects for enhancing carrier transport, which is instructive for developing efficient back‐contacted PSCs.