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Surface chemistry-mediated porewater fluctuations boost CO2 docking in calcium silicate hydrates

The outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest based on the etiology of cardiac arrest; A scoping review

Background Disparity is believed to exist between generic Utstein etiological classifications of 2004 and 2015 when compared with confirmed etiologies, but the impact of this disparity on reported survival outcomes is unknown. Objective This scoping review was proposed with two objectives: 1-to report outcomes based on confirmed etiology of OHCA in comparison with Utstein classified etiologies and 2- to identify outcomes of OHCA by etiology following cause-targeted interventions. Method Medline, Embase, and EBM- Cochrane databases were searched from inception to 2024. Studies were selected if included population was adults with OHCA for whom survival outcomes of OHCA were reported based on the confirmed etiology compared to Utstein etiological classification (2004 or 2015) or reported based on the etiology following cause-targeted interventions. A descriptive review of included studies was conducted. Result The search yielded 24,833 citations. Thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. These articles were predominantly published in Europe and North America between 2010–2024. The Utstein etiological classification was used in all studies (Utstein 2004; n = 31, Utstein 2015; n = 8). Survival to discharge was higher for drug overdose induced OHCA than presumed cardiac etiologies (9–83% vs 8.3–63%). For confirmed etiology of drowning, 30-day survival was higher than the rate reported by presumed cardiac etiologies (Utstein 2004) (11.5% vs 8.8%) while survival to discharge was lower following confirmed etiologies of trauma (1.7–5.1% vs 8–12%), hanging (3.3–43% vs 12–61%), respiratory disease (5% vs 9%), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (11% vs 40%) compared with Utestin etiological classifications (2004 or 2015). Thrombolysis therapy resulted in better 30-day survival compared to placebo for OHCA due to presumed pulmonary embolism (16% vs 6%; p = 0.05), and conventional resuscitation resulted in higher survival for OHCA due to drowning (10.5% vs 8.6%) or respiratory disease (6.8% vs 4.54%) versus chest compression only. Conclusion The reported survival outcomes for confirmed non-cardiac etiologies is inconsistent across studies compared with Utstein etiological classifications of 2004 or 2015. Better survival outcomes following few cause-targeted interventions may be attributed to etiologically well-defined patient cohorts. More vigorous case selection based on etiology may refine the reported outcomes and comparisons with interventions across published studies.

European and African ancestry-specific plasma protein-QTL and metabolite-QTL analyses identify ancestry-specific T2D effector proteins and metabolites

HSPC-Net: A hierarchical shape-preserving completion network for machine part point cloud completion

With the continuous advancement of 3D scanning technology, point cloud data of mechanical components has found widespread applications in industrial design, manufacturing, and repair. However, due to limitations in scanning precision and acquisition conditions, point cloud data often exhibit sparsity and missing information. This issue is particularly challenging when dealing with mechanically complex geometric shapes, where the missing portions frequently contain crucial details, posing significant difficulties for data completion. To effectively recover these missing parts while maintaining the accuracy of both global morphology and local details, this paper proposes a Hierarchical Shape-Preserving Completion Network (HSPC-Net). This approach integrates a multi-receptive field Transformer with a cross-modal geometric information fusion strategy, enabling the precise restoration of local details of mechanical components at multiple scales. Additionally, it leverages 2D image information to assist in the completion of 3D point clouds, significantly enhancing completion accuracy and robustness. Experimental results on ShapeNet and mechanical component point cloud datasets demonstrate that HSPC-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of completion accuracy, structural consistency, and detail recovery.

AI-driven fusion of multimodal data for Alzheimer’s disease biomarker assessment

Multi-Omics insights into the molecular mechanisms of trochlear dysplasia: A proteomic and metabolomic study in rats

Introduction Trochlear dysplasia (TD) is a skeletal deformity that causes abnormal morphology of the trochlear groove, leading to patellar instability and related joint issues. Despite its clinical importance, the molecular mechanisms behind TD are not well understood. This study aims to explore these mechanisms using an integrated proteomic and metabolomic approach in a rat model of TD. Methods A rat model was developed by inducing a flat trochlear groove and increasing the sulcus angle. Validation was performed using gross morphology and micro-CT. Subchondral bone loss was evaluated through micro-CT. Non-targeted metabolomics was applied to identify differential metabolites, and proteomics was conducted to identify altered proteins. Pathway enrichment and interaction analyses were used to interpret the data. Results The TD rat model exhibited significant morphological and bone density changes, including notable subchondral bone loss. Metabolomic analysis identified 52 differentially expressed metabolites, with creatine and L-malic acid prominently altered. Proteomic analysis revealed 204 differentially expressed proteins. KEGG analysis highlighted critical pathways such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Integrative analysis showed correlations between key metabolites and proteins, providing deeper insights into TD-related molecular changes. Conclusions This study integrates proteomic and metabolomic analyses to uncover molecular alterations in a rat model of TD. Significant findings include upregulation of Col3a1 and altered metabolites such as creatine and L-malic acid. These results highlight the role of metabolic disturbances such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in TD pathology. The study provides valuable biomarkers and insights into the mechanisms of TD, offering potential targets for future therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.

Giant extrachromosomal element “Inocle” potentially expands the adaptive capacity of the human oral microbiome

Reading with deaf eyes: Automatic activation of speech-based phonology during word recognition is task dependent

Literacy levels are highly variable within the deaf population and, compared to the general population, on average, reading levels are lower. As speech-based phonological coding is a known predictor of reading success in hearing individuals, much research has focussed on deaf readers’ processing of speech-based phonological codes during word recognition and reading as a possible explanation for the widespread reading difficulties in the deaf population. Although results are mixed, there is recent growing evidence that deaf and hearing readers process speech-based phonological codes differently. Furthermore, some studies indicate that phonological ability may not be a strong correlate of literacy skills in deaf, adult readers. Here, we investigate orthographic, semantic, and phonological processing during single word reading in deaf (N = 20) and hearing (N = 20) adult readers, who were matched on reading level. Specifically, we tracked deaf and hearing readers’ eye-movements using an adaptation of the visual world paradigm using written words and pictures. We found that deaf and hearing readers activate orthographic and semantic information following a similar time-course. However, there were differences in the way the groups processed phonology, with deaf readers making less use of phonological information. Crucially, as both groups were matched for reading level, reduced phonological processing did not appear to impact reading skill in deaf readers.

Tailoring the energy landscape of a bloch point domain wall with curvature

Abstract Topological defects, or singularities, play a key role in the statics and dynamics of complex systems. In magnetism, Bloch point singularities represent point defects that mediate the nucleation of textures such as skyrmions and hopfions. While these textures are typically stabilised in chiral magnets, the influence of chirality and symmetry breaking on Bloch point singularities remains relatively unexplored. Here, we harness advanced three-dimensional nanofabrication to explore the influence of symmetry breaking on Bloch point textures by introducing controlled nano-curvature in a ferromagnetic nanowire. Combining X-ray magnetic microscopy with the application of in situ magnetic fields, we demonstrate that Bloch point singularity-containing domain walls are stabilised in straight regions of the sample, and determine that curvature can be used to tune the energy landscape of the Bloch points. Not only are we able to pattern pinning points but, by controlling the gradient of curvature, we define asymmetric potential wells to realise a robust Bloch point texture shift-register with non-reciprocal behaviour. These insights into the influence of symmetry on singularities offer a route to the controlled nucleation and propagation of topological textures, providing opportunities for logic and computing devices.

Association between changes in sleep duration and the risk of incident depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults

Background Although insufficient sleep is a known risk factor for depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults, prior studies have mostly focused on baseline sleep duration. This study investigates the association between changes in sleep duration and the risk of incident depressive symptoms in this population. Methods This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), covering waves from 2011 to 2018. Sleep duration was assessed through self-report and categorized as short (<6 h/day), normal (6–8 h/day), and long (> 8 h/day). Changes in sleep duration were determined based on measurements at baseline and the 2-year follow-up. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for potential confounders, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the associations by applying alternative cut-off values for sleep duration classification and by conducting stratified subgroup analyses. Results A total of 5,636 participants (female: 44.7%, mean age: 58.1 ± 8.8 years) were included. During a median follow-up of 4.14 years, 1,656 participants developed depressive symptoms. Short sleep at baseline was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22–1.45). A change from normal to short sleep further increased the risk (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24–1.76), suggesting a greater hazard than baseline short sleep alone. A change from long to short sleep also elevated the risk (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16–1.91). These associations remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Among Chinese adults aged 45 years and older, maintaining a normal sleep duration and avoiding a shift to short sleep may help prevent the onset of depression. Individuals who experience a marked decline in sleep duration should be considered a key target population for the prevention of depressive symptoms.

Unique metabolic regulation of micromeres contributes to gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo

Evaluation of coseismic landslide susceptibility by combining Newmark model and XGBoost algorithm

Coseismic landslides are among the most perilous geological disasters in hilly places after earthquakes. Precise assessment of coseismic landslide susceptibility is crucial for forecasting the effects of landslides and alleviating subsequent tragedies. This research formulates a comprehensive landslide hazard assessment model by integrating the Newmark physical model with machine learning techniques. The Jiuzhaigou region serves as the study area, utilizing the comprehensive indicator Fs from the Newmark model as a principal feature parameter, which integrates several influencing aspects, including rock strata, moisture content, and slope gradient. Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) mitigate uncertainty in geotechnical parameters, augmenting Newmark model findings’ reliability. The sampling approach utilizes Newmark model outcomes to identify nonlandslide locations for developing six landslide susceptibility models, namely N_XGB, N_RF, Dn_XGB, Dn_RF, and independent XGBoost and RF models. Comparative investigation reveals that the hybrid models N_XGB and N_RF, which amalgamate Newmark model outputs with machine learning methodologies, have enhanced performance. The N_XGB model attains superior accuracy, exhibiting an AUC of 0.96 in the Jiuzhaigou region, markedly surpassing alternative hybrid machine learning models and physical models, moreover, Fs as a feature exhibits superior predictive accuracy relative to utilizing Newmark displacement. Validation in the Ludian and Luding region results in model accuracies of 0.88 and 0.86, respectively, indicating robust generalizability across various seismic situations. These findings highlight the benefits of integrating physical principles with data-driven methodologies, providing a comprehensive regional landslide risk assessment and management framework.

Future heat-related mortality in Europe driven by compound day-night heatwaves and demographic shifts

Correction: Utility of a patient similarity-based digital tool for risk communication to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Perspectives from primary care physicians in ambulatory care

Cross-membrane cooperation among bacteria can facilitate intracellular pathogenesis

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen able to cause life- and sight-threatening infections. Once considered an extracellular pathogen, numerous studies have shown it can survive intracellularly. Previously, we showed that P. aeruginosa inside cells can diversify into distinct subpopulations in vacuoles and the cytoplasm. Here, we report that the transition from vacuoles to cytoplasm requires collaboration with the extracellular subpopulation, through Ca 2+ influx enabled by their type III secretion system (T3SS) translocon pore proteins. Moreover, we show that collaboration among P. aeruginosa subpopulations can contribute to disseminating intracellular bacteria in vivo in a mouse infection model. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations into how cooperation between extracellular and intracellular bacteria within the host contributes to disease progression and persistence.

Genetic diversity analysis of IVM resistant Haemonchus contortus in sheep in inner Mongolia of China

Downregulation of NCOA4 expression indicates poor prognosis and promotes the progression of cholangiocarcinoma

The aim of this study was to investigate how the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines RBE and HCCC-9810 responded to NCOA4 downregulation in terms of proliferation, migration and invasive.First,we analyzed the differential expression and survival prognosis of the NCOA4 gene using a bioinformatic approach,as well as validation using clinical samples.Next,cholangiocarcinoma cells were cultured and the NCOA4 gene was down-regulated with siRNA,and then NCOA4 and GPX4 expression was detected using qPCR and Western blot.Cell was measured using CCK8, cell cloning, wound healing, and transwell migration and invasion.Levels of changes in indicators related to ferroptosis were measured after induction of iron metamorphosis by Erastin. Data from TCGA showed that NCOA4 shows greater downgrade in tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues and the overall survival (OS) of patients with low NCOA4 expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with high NCOA4 expression.The qPCR results showed that NCOA4 was expressed at low levels in cholangiocarcinoma tissue specimens; the mRNA expression of NCOA4 decreased after knocking down NCOA4 in cells. Western blot (WB) analysis showed that NCOA4 downregulation led to an increase in GPX4 expression. The cell cloning assay confirmed that downregulation of NCOA4 significantly increased cell viability. The transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that the proliferation rate increased after downregulation of NCOA4. After NCOA4 silencing, ferroptosis indicators such as Fe2+, MDA, and ROS expression were lowered;GSH expression was increased.Our findings indicated the regulatory effects of NCOA4 on GPX4 protein and its contribution to malignant progression in CCA, which could provide a potential therapeutic target for CCA.

Computational field-resolved coherent chemical imaging

Mannose-B from Codonopsis pilosula modulates LAMB1 expression to enhance trophoblast function and alleviate subchorionic hematoma

Study on the effect of cementation solution concentration on sand fixation by fiber reinforced MICP

This study systematically investigates the influence of cementation solution concentration on the sand fixation effect induced by palm fiber-enhanced microorganisms through microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP), aiming to optimize its application in ecological restoration and engineering reinforcement. A series of experiments including unconfined compressive strength tests, direct shear tests, permeability tests, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, calcium carbonate content determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluates the mechanical properties, permeability, and microstructural characteristics of MICP-treated sand under varying cementation concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.7 mol/L. Results show that a concentration of 0.5 mol/L yields the best mechanical performance, with significantly higher unconfined compressive strength (666.65 kPa) and shear strength compared to other concentrations. At lower concentrations from 0.2 to 0.4 mol/L, increasing the concentration enhances calcium carbonate deposition, which improves mechanical properties and reduces both permeability coefficient and porosity. In contrast, higher concentrations above 0.5 mol/L inhibit microbial enzymatic activity, leading to reduced calcium carbonate content and mechanical strength, along with increased permeability and porosity. Microscopic analysis reveals that at 0.5 mol/L, calcium carbonate crystals form densely and uniformly, effectively filling pore spaces and strengthening inter-particle bonding. Therefore, 0.5 mol/L represents an optimal balance between performance and cost, reducing resource waste while ensuring mechanical enhancement and supporting applications in sand dune stabilization, windbreaks, sand fixation, and ecological vegetation restoration.