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A lightweight deep learning model for real-time in-vehicle driver distraction detection with low-latency inference
Spatial patterns of fire mark directions and heights in a temperate forest crown fire: insights from 1000 field survey records
Serum indocyanine green quantification enables objective assessment of lymphatic function
Calorimetric evidence for excess heat generation in a proton–LaB$$_{6}$$ glow-discharge system
Optimization of rosmarinic acid extraction from Thunbergia laurifolia leaves using a green solvent and evaluation of its biological activities
Abstract Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. (TL) is a medicinal herb belonging to the Acanthaceae family. It has been used in ethnomedicine and possesses many biological activities. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of rosmarinic acid (RA), a major active component of TL leaves, using an aqueous green solvent via stirring-assisted maceration (SAM). Butylene glycol (BG) was selected as the green solvent due to its safety and its ability to be incorporated directly into pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations without requiring removal from the extract. A Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the extraction of RA from TL leaves. The results demonstrated that extraction time and BG concentration were significant variables influencing the RA yield, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The optimal condition was an extraction time of 2 h, 52% BG, and a stirring speed of 200 rpm. These parameters yielded 5.415 ± 0.023 mg/g TL RA yield, 2.573 ± 0.012 mg GAE/g TL total phenolic content, and 6.362 ± 0.097 mg AAE/g TL ABTS radical scavenging activity, closely to the predicted values. The extract obtained under the optimal condition exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, RA demonstrated wound-healing activity, and a biphasic dose-response was observed regarding its anti-melanogenic effects. These findings suggested the potential of the TL extract as a ready-to-use active ingredient for skincare and pharmaceutical formulations.
Toward sustainable mining: an in silico photothermal investigation of coal susceptibility to spontaneous combustion
Gender-specific associations between metabolic syndrome components and electrocardiographic abnormalities: evidence from Birjand University of medical sciences employee health study (BUMS EHCS)
Correction: Testicular activin and follistatin levels are elevated during the course of experimental autoimmune epididymo–orchitis in mice
HEC-NAS-FDS: hybrid expert-conditioned exhaustive neural network architecture search over finite design space
Hemodynamic variations in resting-state cerebral functional networks between Tibetan and Han male athletes assessed by fNIRS
Venturi-effect ultrasonography for early detection of AVF stenosis: a prospective multicenter study
Associations between physical activity and physical fitness in preschool children: gender and age differences
Exploring feedstock structural components as predictors for physico-chemical biochar properties
Abstract To further improve the capabilities necessary to accurately predict biochar properties based on feedstock characteristics, a study correlating feedstock structural components with biochar properties was conducted. To produce biochar, ten different biomass feedstocks were sourced mostly from Austria. The feedstocks gathered were spruce chips; woodchips from broad-leaved forestry; wheat bran; Japanese knotweed; walnut shells; screening overflow from composting; and residues from Mary thistle, rapeseed, hemp, and poppy flower processing. These feedstocks were pyrolyzed at 500 and 700 °C under nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere in a customized muffle furnace. The feedstocks were analyzed for their lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, fat content, and other properties. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was performed on the biochar samples, with the highest documented intruded volume being 3.64 cm 3 /g. Elemental recoveries in the biochar samples were determined and correlated with feedstock structural components (FSC). Additionally, the water solubility of biochar nutrient elements was determined, with K showing the highest solubility of 35.5 ± 18.5% at 700 °C. Elemental recoveries of C/H/N/Cl showed significant correlations with FSC (e.g., Cl showed a significant and strong negative correlation with cellulose, r = − 0.874/ p < 0.01). Intruded volume as well as K solubility also showed significant correlations. These results indicate that feedstock structural components can serve as predictors for more biochar properties than currently used in the literature, although the limited sample size requires further research to confirm the findings presented here.