Browse Articles

PD-L1 expression and its association with clinicopathological and computed tomography features in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Although some studies have assessed the correlation between clinicopathological features and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in patients with non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC), few studies have focused on computed tomography (CT) signs. The results of some previous studies are inconsistent and contradictory. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological and CT features of NSCLC patients with different PD-L1 expression levels. This retrospective analysis included 911 NSCLC patients who undergone pulmonary resection, and most of them were early-stage. PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry with the Dako PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx kit. Clinicopathological features and CT signs were investigated according to different PD-L1 expression levels. The prevalence of PD-L1 expression in the resected NSCLC patients was 46.9% (427/911), with 381 patients low expression (41.8%) and 46 patients high expression (5%). Male sex, current smoking status, higher positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) SUVmax, and elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels were more frequently observed in patients with high PD-L1 expression. The frequencies of squamous cell carcinoma type, spread through air space (STAS), TP53 mutations, advanced pathological stages, and micropapillary/solid subtype were significantly higher in patients with PD-L1 positive tumors (TPS ≥ 1%) than in those with PD-L1 negative tumors (TPS < 1%). ALK rearrangement was higher in patients with low-expression, and PD-L1-positive patients had bigger tumor diameter. The proportion of solid nodules and consolidation to tumor were higher in high-expression than those in the low- or negative expression PD-L1 patients. Regarding structural characteristic features, there were no differences in the frequency of irregular borders, pleural retraction, air bronchograms, bubble-like lucency or cavities, and vascular convergence among the three groups. The frequency of lobulated margins and spiculation was significantly higher in patients with PD-L1 positive tumors than in those with PD-L1 negative tumors. Patients with PD-L1 expression in NSCLC often exhibit certain clinicopathological characteristics. CT features may not reliably correlate with PD-L1 expression across different stages of lung cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), using relevant kits, remains essential for further evaluation of PD-L1 expression levels.

Neural responses to perceptual and sexual ambiguity in facial images: an ERP and time–frequency analysis

Novel 59-layer dense inception network for robust deepfake identification

ResSAXU-Net for multimodal brain tumor segmentation from brain MRI

Bioecology of fleas with a focus on the plague vector Xenopsylla Brasiliensis in Mandritsara district, Northern Madagascar

Oral microbiome dysbiosis in women with a history of pregnancy loss: a metagenomic cross-sectional study

Proteome changes associated with effect of high dose single-fractionation radiation on lung adenocarcinoma cell lines

A novel method based on improved SFLA for IP information extraction from TEM signals

Hybrid DWT NLM method with NOA optimization for ECG signal denoising

The clinical application value of the KU-F40 fully automatic fecal analyzer for the detection of fecal parasites: A large-sample retrospective study

Health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in grilled meats in Zahedan city of Iran

Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate

Mechanism of Brucea javanica against multiple myeloma via TNF-NF-κB signaling

Quantum many-body linear algebra, Hamiltonian moments, and a coupled-cluster inspired framework

We propose a general strategy to develop quantum many-body approximations of primitives in linear algebra algorithms. As a practical example, we introduce a coupled-cluster inspired framework to produce approximate Hamiltonian moments and demonstrate its application in various linear algebra algorithms for ground state estimation. Through numerical examples, we illustrate the difference between the ground-state energies arising from quantum many-body linear algebra and those from the analogous many-body perturbation theory. Our results support the general idea of designing quantum many-body approximations outside of perturbation theory, providing a route to new algorithms and approximations.

The acoustic change complex as a diagnostic tool for cochlear dead regions evaluated in normally hearing adults

Abstract The loss of inner hair cells and/or neurons in the cochlea leads to cochlear dead regions (DRs). One of the consequences of DRs is noisy transmission of information from the cochlea to the brain, which results in poorer than expected perception of speech in noise. DRs can be detected using behavioural masking techniques such as the threshold-equalizing noise (TEN) test. However, the TEN test, although fast and easy to perform, requires participants’ active cooperation and thus is not suitable for use with infants, young children and adults who cannot provide behavioural responses. Recently, Kang et al. (2018) proposed the electrophysiological Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) as an objective test for diagnosing cochlear DRs, but with limited evidence supporting their proposed approach. Thus, the first step towards addressing this gap is to develop and assess an objective ACC detection method. Here, we evaluated three methods of detecting the ACC based on: i) the root mean square of N1-P2 amplitude as reported in Kang et al. (2018); ii) Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as recommended by the British Society of Audiology; and iii) bootstrap by multiple resampling of the original data in a random manner and calculating a measure of variance in the N1-P2 amplitude to noise floor ratio from the resampled data. We have also examined the relationship between ACC amplitude, threshold, and stimulus frequency/intensity. Twenty-three normally hearing adults were tested. The ACC was evoked by either a 1-kHz or 4-kHz pure tone presented simultaneously with the TEN at SNRs between 0 and 15 dB, in 3 dB steps relative to the TEN level. We found that the bootstrap method was most efficient at detecting ACC and was two times faster to administer than the commonly used British Society of Audiology method. We also found that the threshold of ACC detection is frequency dependent, i.e., the higher the frequency, the higher the signal level needed to evoke ACC. Thus, frequency-dependent ACC norms need to be established before this method can be used for detection of cochlear DRs in children and adults who cannot provide behavioural responses.

The dynamics of hydrogen/proton emission in three-body fragmentation of C4H4S3+ induced by electron-impact

The three-body fragmentation dynamics of thiophene trications C4H4S3+ induced by 200 eV electron-impact are investigated. All fragment ions are detected in coincidence, and their momentum vectors are determined by employing a reaction microscope. The detailed kinematical information of three-body fragmentation channels of H+C3H22++CHS+, H++C3H2++CHS+, and H++C2H2++C2HS+ is obtained. With detailed analysis of the KER-θ correlation maps, momentum correlation maps, Newton diagrams, and kinetic energy release (KER) spectra for each fragmentation channel, the results show that all three channels are primarily generated by sequential fragmentation processes. In the neutral H loss channel, hydrogen emission occurs in the first step of sequential fragmentation. For two deprotonation channels, each channel has two pathways, corresponding to proton emission in the first or second step of sequential fragmentation, respectively. These results reveal the mechanisms and dynamics of hydrogen/proton emission and ring-breaking reactions in the three-body fragmentation processes of heterocyclic molecules.

Campus risk detection using the S-YOLOv10-SIC network and a self-calibrated illumination algorithm

Semiclassical electron and molecular dynamics simulation of laser-induced melting of silicon

Semiclassical electron force field (eFF) model extended by introducing laser electric field has been examined by applying to laser-induced melting of silicon on picosecond time scale. The simulation is first examined in our previous study [Yamada, J. Chem. Phys., 161, 174112 (2024)] for electronic excitation process in 20 fs induced by ultrashort femtosecond laser pulse. The present work is a follow-up examination of the method. To better reproduce optical properties of solid and liquid states, effective electron masses are adjusted for each state, and a smooth switch between them is introduced. The present simulation has reasonably described atomistic and semiclassical electronic behaviors in excitation and relaxation processes in the melting induced by 100 fs to 3 ps laser pulses.

GDM enhanced acetylcholine induced vasoconstriction in human umbilical vein via CHRM3 and CACNA1C upregulation linked to promoter hypomethylation

AutoSIM: Redesigning and automating umbrella sampling for biomolecular conformational transitions

Umbrella sampling (US) is a widely used biased simulation technique to generate projections of free energy surfaces (FES) of chemical and biomolecular processes along a reaction coordinate (RC). US results are sensitive to the choice and discretization of the RC along which bias is applied as well as simulation timescales. Here, we address these issues through a redefined US scheme based on recent statistical insights into sampling equilibration and convergence of RCs. This scheme is implemented in an algorithm—AutoSIM—that automates US runs based on a non-equilibrated molecular dynamics trajectory initiated in the native state basin. AutoSIM can generate FES sections associated with functional conformational transitions in biomolecules independent of a priori information on RCs or even the end state. Furthermore, AutoSIM allows for combining statistics from multiple US runs to systematically assess and improve the quality of FES projections along a given RC. We validate AutoSIM by comparing FES projections for alanine dipeptide and ubiquitin along the top principal components with those obtained from simulations without an external bias. Finally, we apply AutoSIM to capture the energetics for large-scale conformational transitions of HIV-1 protease between the open and closed forms of the enzyme.