Browse Articles

BLVRA promotes glioblastoma progression by regulating fatty acid metabolism

Habitat suitability and connectivity for clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa in Northeast India

Dipole-dipole interaction-induced dense primitive solid-electrolyte interphase for high-power Ah-level anode-free sodium metal batteries

An infection prediction model developed from inpatient data can predict out-of-hospital COVID-19 infections from wearable data when controlled for dataset shift

Risk factors for cardiovascular death in urgent-start peritoneal dialysis patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Integration of diagnostics for Strongyloides stercoralis into the soil-transmitted helminths control programme in Rwanda

Parental health belief and behavioral factors influencing oral health behaviors of preschoolers in shanghai: a cross-sectional study

Crow instability of vortex lines in dipolar superfluids

Abstract In classical inviscid fluids, antiparallel vortices perturbed by Kelvin waves exhibit the Crow instability, where the mutual interaction of the Kelvin modes renders them dynamically unstable. This results in the approach and reconnection of the vortices, leading to a cascaded decay into ever-smaller vortex loops. Through mean-field simulations we study the Crow instability of quantum vortex lines in a superfluid whose atoms are subject to the anisotropic, long-ranged dipole-dipole interaction. We observe that the direction of dipole polarization plays a crucial role in determining the dynamically favored Kelvin modes. The subsequent rate of the instability is linked to the mediation of the vortex curvature by the effective dipole-dipole interaction between the vortices themselves. The vortex curvature is strongly suppressed and modes of lower wavenumber are preferred when the dipole polarization is parallel to the vortices, whereas the curvature is maximized for polarizations along the vortices’ separation axis. For polarizations along the binormal axis, modes of higher wavenumber are favorable but the instability rate is considerably inhibited. This paves the way to a deeper understanding of vortex reconnections, vortex loop cascades and turbulence in dipolar superfluids.

Post-resection delivery of a TLR7/8 agonist from a biodegradable scaffold achieves immune-mediated glioblastoma clearance and protection against tumor challenge in mice

Tailored multifunctional polysiloxanes as advanced emulsifiers in colloid systems

Abstract This study investigates the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and emulsifying performance of multifunctional polysiloxane modified with trimethoxysilane, eugenol and octane in varying molar ratios. The functionalized organosilicon compounds were synthesized by hydrosilylation and characterized using NMR, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis, and contact angle measurements. Their emulsifying properties were evaluated in oil-water emulsions, with stability assessed through centrifugation tests, multiple light scattering, and optical microscopy. The polysiloxane modified with trimethoxysilane: eugenol: octane with a 1:4:3 molar ratio exhibited the highest thermal stability. Emulsions formulated with this compound demonstrated superior physical stability, with backscattering destabilization rates as low as − 0.29%/day, attributed to enhanced interfacial interactions and hydrogen bonding. Emulsion containing polysiloxane modified only with eugenol and octane exhibited the lowest stability, with early phase separation observed after 1.5 h and backscattering rates reaching − 1.06%/day. These results highlight the critical role of silane functionalities in interfacial stabilization. These findings demonstrate the potential of structurally tailored polysiloxanes as advanced emulsifiers for applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other industries.

Study on the laser ablation behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates under the air environment

Lattice expansion of hybrid perovskite inhibits halogen interstitial generation and enhances solar cell performance

Age and sex affect circadian patterns of cardiac autonomic function

Abstract The cardiovascular system exhibits circadian rhythmicity, responding to central and peripheral clocks. Sexual dimorphism and aging independently influence circadian rhythms and cardiac electrical activity, which the autonomic nervous system regulates. However, the extent to which sex and aging affect autonomic dynamics remains unclear. This study investigates their role in circadian cardiac autonomic activity in healthy subjects. Data from 51 males and 51 females with 24-hour Holter recordings were analyzed. Circadian patterns of Heart Rate Variability parameters, indicators of autonomic function, were assessed using fast Fourier transformation with 5-minute Blackman-Harris windows on artifact-free recordings. Fractal, multifractal, visual, and information methods were applied to evaluate parasympathetic and sympathetic influences. We calculated the means and standard deviation for all numeric variables. We found temporal fluctuations across the time domain and frequency parameters. Six of the eight nonlinear HRV parameters significantly fluctuated. Among the 17 fluctuating parameters analyzed, nine circadian indicators (MESOR, amplitude, and acrophase) showed significant differences between sexes, with women exhibiting higher vagal oscillatory activity. Aging diminished fluctuations across all parameters and was associated with chronodisruption of cardiac autonomic markers. These findings highlight neurohumoral differences as key modulators of cardiac autonomic dynamics. The interaction effect of sex and age impacts the circadian rhythmicity of cardiac electric activity, as reflected by the HRV analysis. Our results have implications for personalized diagnostics, treatment timing, risk prediction, and biomarkers, highlighting the need for age-and sex-specific approaches in precision medicine and chronomedicine.

Correction: The genomic comparison between autochthonous and cosmopolitan cows reveals structural variants involved in environmental adaptation

Temperature adaptive self-regenerating ionic thermoelectric cycles for time domain thermal energy harvesting

StyDiff: a refined style transfer method based on diffusion models

Retraction Note: Dysregulated JAK2 expression by TrkC promotes metastasis potential, and EMT program of metastatic breast cancer

The social costs of aviation CO2 and contrail cirrus

Abstract The radiative forcing (RF) of contrail cirrus is substantial, though short-lived, uncertain, and heterogeneous, whereas the RF from CO₂ emissions is long-term and more predictable. To balance these impacts, we calculate the social costs of CO₂ and contrail cirrus using a modified Dynamic Integrated Climate Economy (DICE) model, spanning three discount rates, two damage functions, and three climate pathways. The main case estimate of the global social cost ratio of contrail cirrus to aviation CO₂ emissions ranges from 0.075 to 0.57, depending on assumptions. Accounting for uncertainty in contrail cirrus RF and climate efficacy further widens this range. We also quantify flight-specific social costs of contrail cirrus by analyzing nearly 500,000 flights over the North Atlantic, revealing substantial variability due to meteorological conditions. While uncertainty is considerable, our findings suggest that carefully implemented operational contrail avoidance could offer climate benefits even when the social cost of additional CO₂ emissions is considered.

A deep learning algorithm for automatic 3D segmentation and quantification of hamstrings musculotendon injury from MRI

Enhancement of postharvest longan fruit quality through chitosan (CTS)-induced modulation of energy and proline metabolism

Abstract Chitosan (CTS), a biologically safe preservative, is crucial for post-harvest treatment of fruit and vegetables, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our research on various CTS concentrations in longan fruit post-harvest showed that 1.5% CTS curtailed Weight loss and malondialdehyde content while enhancing soluble solid content, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, total phenols, and flavonoids. Transcript-level analysis revealed that 1.5% CTS maintains longan fruit quality by modulating energy and amino acid metabolism pathways. Further evaluations demonstrated increased energy charge, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) levels, alongside elevated activities of H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, cytochrome C oxidase, and succinate dehydrogenase in CTS-treated fruit. CTS also upregulated genes like H + -ATPase1, SDH1, SDH6, CCO5b-2, and CCO6b-2, boosted proline content, and enhanced activities of proline-metabolizing enzymes Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthase (P5CS) and ornithine-ծ-aminotransferase (OAT), while reducing pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. These results suggest that CTS effectively modulates gene expression and enzymatic functions related to energy and proline metabolism, enhancing the preservation of longan fruit freshness during storage.