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Relation of changes in productivity and remuneration of the labor factor in agriculture in EU Member States
The article investigates whether labor productivity serves as a source for financing remuneration and whether productivity growth is adequate to support the corresponding increase in compensation within the agricultural sector. The analysis is grounded in the producer’s equilibrium, Clark’s marginal productivity theory, and the Lewis model. We utilized constant price data from the Economic Accounts for Agriculture across all EU Member States for the 2010–2022 period, encompassing the entire agricultural sector. The research methodology consisted of two stages: first, a comparative analysis of the examined categories was conducted; second, the conclusions were verified using the results of a panel regression analysis. The study reveals that, in many concerned countries, the rise in labor productivity primarily resulted from decreased agricultural employment. In specific countries, including the Czech Republic, France, Croatia, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Slovenia, the growth in remuneration outpaced productivity growth, suggesting potential management inefficiencies. The results of the panel regression models confirmed that labor productivity growth is strongly associated with a reduction in labor input and an increase in labor remuneration.
Factorial structure, validity, and gender invariance of the UCLA-R loneliness scale in ecuadorian adolescents
Background Loneliness has a significant impact on mental and physical health across different stages of development, with particularly evident effects during adolescence. During this period, young individuals undergo substantial social and emotional transformations, making loneliness a global concern. Objective This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the UCLA-R Loneliness Scale in Ecuadorian adolescents through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, assess its internal consistency, and examine factorial invariance across genders. Method The sample consisted of 718 school-aged adolescents (288 males and 430 females) aged 14–17 years (M = 15.72, SD = 0.747), selected through probabilistic sampling. A sociodemographic ad hoc questionnaire and the Spanish version of the 20-item UCLA-R Loneliness Scale were administered. The sample was randomly divided into two equivalent subsamples (n = 359) to separately perform an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The EFA was conducted using principal axis factoring, oblique rotation, and polychoric correlations. The CFA evaluated one-factor, two-factor, and three-factor models, employing fit indices such as CFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients. Additionally, factorial invariance analyses by gender were performed, along with a univariate ANOVA to examine potential gender differences. Results The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) results indicated the presence of two factors, whose structure explains 40.8% of the total variance, with 19 items. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed that the bifactor model with 19 items exhibited a superior fit compared to the unidimensional and three-factor models with 20 items, with fit indices falling within acceptable to excellent ranges (CFI = .936, TLI = .927, RMSEA = .050, SRMR = .048). Additionally, the bifactor model demonstrated measurement invariance across genders. Regarding internal consistency, the scale demonstrated a Cronbach’s alpha of.876 and an omega coefficient of.83, confirming its reliability. Conclusion It is concluded that the 19-item UCLA-R Loneliness Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing perceived loneliness in Ecuadorian adolescents, regardless of gender. Future research could replicate these findings in other regions and cultural contexts to validate its use on a larger scale.
Smoking knowledge and decision in an era of widespread awareness: Persistent disparities and policy implications
Years of anti-smoking campaigns to promote public awareness about smoking’s negative health effects have resulted in increased awareness across a large segment of the population. Amid gains in smoking-related knowledge, important but unexplored questions remain about population-level trends and the continuing importance of knowledge-based anti-smoking policies. Using the Philippine case, this paper is the first to examine persistent disparities in knowledge on smoking’s health risks and the continued importance of knowledge-based interventions in discouraging smoking. We also investigated whether knowledge moderates the effect of price on smoking decisions. For this cross-sectional study, we conducted ANOVA, Tukey HSD tests, and a two-part multivariate regression model on the 2009, 2015, and 2021 waves of the Philippine Global Adult Tobacco Survey. We used daily cigarette sticks smoked as the dependent variable and (a) a binary and discrete variable measuring smoking health risk, (b) a categorical variable for wealth quintile, and (c) an interaction term as the main independent variables. We found that knowledge on smoking’s ill health effects, by itself, continues to be negatively associated with smoking, even as 9 out of 10 individuals already possess knowledge about smoking’s health risks. Individuals who view smoking as addictive and as having ill health effects smoke 1 stick (10.8% of average sticks) less. Persistent disparities in knowledge between the lowest and highest wealth groups were observed. Despite significant gains in population-wide smoking-related knowledge, disparities across socioeconomic groups persist. Closing knowledge-based disparities calls for approaches that are tailored to the needs of different groups, particularly less affluent individuals.
Study on the releasing regularity of asphalt fume and its suppression technology
To reduce the unorganized release of asphalt fume during construction, a smoke suppressing and deodorizing (SSD) asphalt was prepared by adding smoke suppressants, which were styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) whisker, and deodorant. The effect of smoke suppressants on the release amount of asphalt fume was investigated by mass method, and the effect of deodorant on the odor level of asphalt fume was evaluated by the odor intensity grading method. The results show that when the mass fractions of SBS, MOS and deodorant are 3%, 3% and 0.15%, respectively, 53% of asphalt fume can be effectively reduced, and the odor intensity grade can be significantly lowered. Based on FTIR and SEM analysis, the structural composition of modified asphalt was studied. It shows that SBS can break the dynamic balance of asphalt and produce an uneven network system, and whiskers interspersed in the asphalt play a role in regulating the thermal properties. Besides that, according to the results of thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS), the SSD asphalt can reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds and particulate matter during the high-temperature asphalt production process, with a significant inhibitory effect on small molecules.
Correction: Detection through the use of RT-MqPCR of asymptomatic reservoirs of malaria in samples of patients from the indigenous Comarca of Guna Yala, Panama: Essential method to achieve the elimination of malaria
Influence of emotions on clinical performance in acute care: A scoping review
Acute care is a high stake, emotionally charged environment. Although emotions are increasingly recognized as integral to various aspects of healthcare, research examining how they influence and interact with clinical performance in acute care settings remains relatively limited. This scoping review aims to summarize relevant empirical research on the influence of emotions on clinical performance in acute care settings. The following databases were searched by a health sciences librarian: Medline and Medline in Process, Embase Classic and Embase, Cochrane’s CENTRAL, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC, from inception to June 2024. Empirical research in English related to the effect of emotions on clinical performance in acute care settings were included. The screening was conducted in duplicate independently, and data extraction was done by the lead author and reviewed by a second author. Among 6430 references assessed, 22 studies were analyzed. Three themes were identified based on the research setting: simulated/educational acute care settings, real-world acute care settings, and end-of-life care settings. Overall, negative emotions, most commonly stress, were inversely correlated with clinical performance in some simulated or educational settings and discouraged patient contact in real clinical settings, while positive emotions encouraged more comprehensive care. Experiencing fear and uncertainty led to more cautious care decisions, and negative emotions associated with patient’s families were prevalent in end-of-life care. Emotions had varying effects on clinical performance and decision-making in acute care settings, depending on the types of emotions and the clinical contexts. More research is needed to find strategies to help clinicians manage those emotions.
Prevalence and factors associated with puerperal sepsis among postnatal women at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Western Uganda
Background Puerperal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in Uganda. Aim This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with puerperal sepsis among postpartum women at Fort portal Regional Referral Hospital located in western Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional design was employed in the study. We conducted a records review of the patient files of 180 postnatal mothers who were admitted at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital from 20 February, 2024 to 01 April, 2024. A data abstraction checklist was used to collect data from participant files based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA17 for data analysis. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the prevalence of puerperal sepsis and determinants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted for significant factors presented as Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) at p ≤ 0.05. Results The median age of participants was 25.5 years (1QR = 20−30) and the majority (77%) had primary education. The prevalence of postnatal sepsis was 24%. Duration of hospital stay [aOR=2.30; 95%CI (1.552–3.398); p=<0.001], history of antepartum hemorrhage [aOR=29.09; 95% CI (1.182–716.38); p = 0.039] and Anemia [aOR=0.01; 95% CI (0.001–0.218); p = 0.004] were identified as factors associated with puerperal sepsis among postnatal women upon multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion Puerperal sepsis was common in our setting. This study found that mode of delivery, duration of hospital stay, anemia, and Antepartum hemorrhage, were the determining factors contributing to puerperal sepsis, infection prevention measures during cesarean sections, and reducing the length of hospital stay would prove to be beneficial in the prevention of sepsis.
Alcohol use as a modifiable risk factor in cardiology: A qualitative study of patient perspectives in Sweden
Background Alcohol use is an important cardiovascular risk factor and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Successful implementation of alcohol interventions in cardiology depends on patient acceptability. Objective To understand patient perspectives on the feasibility of implementing alcohol interventions in cardiology services. Methods Multi-site qualitative study. We conducted semi-structured interviews with a heterogenous-purposive sample of 15 adult cardiology patients with hazardous alcohol use. Participants were recruited from three geographically diverse regions in Sweden (Dalarna, Gävleborg, Stockholm) and were varied in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular diagnosis, risk factor profile, and level of alcohol use. We applied the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) system during coding and conducted a reflexive thematic analysis. Results We identified 56 feasibility factors: 15 related to capability, 10 to opportunity, and 31 to motivation. Four themes emerged: 1. Alcohol use as relevant to cardiology, where participants recognized cardiovascular risk factors, expressed motivation for change, and identified a need to address alcohol use sensitively; 2. Aligning interventions with expectations and goals, where participants linked acceptability of alcohol interventions to personal goals and social norms; 3. Morbidity and shifting priorities, where participants prioritized quality of life and respect for autonomy; 4. Addressing barriers to alcohol dependence treatments, where participants saw a need to improve access to care. Conclusions Findings suggest that alcohol interventions are acceptable to cardiology patients with hazardous alcohol use. Implementation strategies that prioritize quality of life, respect autonomy, and align with individual expectations and goals may be among the most acceptable. We also identified an opportunity to improve access to treatments for alcohol dependence within multidisciplinary heart teams or hospital-based addiction care services.
Secure and efficient graduate employment: A consortium blockchain framework with InterPlanetary file system for privacy-preserving resume management and efficient talent-employer matching
In recent years, the unemployment situation of teenagers has become increasingly serious, and many college students face the problem of unemployment upon graduation. Concurrently, Companies need more support in their talent acquisition processes, including high costs, security concerns, inefficiencies, and time-consuming sourcing procedures. Moreover, job applicants frequently confront risks associated with potentially compromising their personal information during the application process. Since blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-tampering, traceability, and non-repudiation, it has outstanding significance for solving the trust problem between organizations. Blockchain has emerged as a powerful tool for tackling talent acquisition campaigns. This study proposes a novel approach utilizing consortium chain technology in conjunction with the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to develop a decentralized talent recruitment system. This approach enables students, educational institutions, and potential employers to encrypt and upload data to the blockchain through consortium chain technology, with strict access controls requiring student authorization for resume data retrieval. The proposed system facilitates a symbiotic relationship between educational institutions and industry partners, allowing students to identify suitable employment opportunities while enabling companies to source candidates with requisite expertise efficiently. Finally, the system could meet the characteristic requirements of various blockchains, perform well in terms of communication cost, computing cost, throughput, and transaction delay in the blockchain, and contribute to solving talent recruitment.
LBH589 reduces oxidized mitochondrial DNA and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation to relieve pulmonary inflammation
The NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome plays a critical role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by activating caspase-1, which cleaves the precursor forms of IL-1β and IL-18 into active cytokines and induces pyroptosis by cleaving gasdermin D (GSDMD). LBH589, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, the protective effect and underlying mechanism of LBH589 against ARDS is still unclear. In this study, we aim to determine whether and how LBH589 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation while exerting its anti-inflammatory effect. Our data demonstrated that LBH589 effectively suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-primed and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-stimulated J774A.1 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), evidenced by attenuated cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-16 release, as along with reduced GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and ASC speck formation. Additionally, LBH589 significantly decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA), key triggers of inflammasome activation. Importantly, both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of LBH589 inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in lung tissue and ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS in mice. These findings suggest that LBH589 may provide therapeutic benefits in ARDS by attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.
Distinct roles of claws and adhesive pads in honey bees determine their adhesive performance under varying surface roughness conditions through a dual-mode synergistic adhesion mechanism
Surface roughness is a critical factor that affects surface adhesion in bees. Investigating the mechanisms underlying surface adhesion in bees on substrates with varying surface roughness levels provides a theoretical basis for designing bioinspired adhesives and micro-climbing robots. In this study, a specialized adhesion measurement device was developed to compare the adhesive forces applied on substrates with different roughness levels by intact bees and by those whose adhesive pads have been removed. Moreover, a contact model for adhesion between the claw tips and substrate particles and a liquid bridge model for adhesion between the adhesive pads and substrate surfaces were established to analyze the distinct roles of claws and adhesive pads, respectively, under different surface roughness conditions. The results revealed that on surfaces with roughness values below 3.2 μm, the adhesive pads secreted liquid to form liquid bridges, increasing contact area and adhesive force, thereby dominating the adhesion process. As the surface roughness increased, the contribution of the adhesive pads diminished, whereas the mechanical interlocking effect of the claws became relatively more pronounced. When the surface roughness exceeded 36 μm, the irregularity of substrate particles enhanced the interlocking effect of the claws, making the force generated by the claw tip the dominant adhesion force. Thus, the integration of the contact and liquid bridge models revealed the synergistic effects of mechanical interlocking and liquid bridge mechanisms on improvement in surface adhesion in bees.
Intraindividual, intraspecific, and interspecific variation shapes natural selection and its detection in two convergently-evolved lizard species
Much of our understanding of how natural selection operates comes from studies of highly heritable traits presumed to vary little within individuals. Here we show that intraindividual (within-individual) phenotypic variation is an important source of intraspecific variation, shaping both natural selection and its detection in wild, open populations. We employed a multi-year capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study of two lizard species (Sceloporus cowlesi and Holbrookia maculata) at the ecotone between the white gypsum dunes at White Sands National Park and the surrounding dark Chihuahuan desert soils. Unlike many CMR studies examining selection on morphology, we measured individuals’ traits at each capture. We found that our inferences into which traits were under selection depended on which measurement instance we used (first, last, or median measurement of all measurements of a given trait), and, therefore, the degree of intraindividual variation within each trait. We present a contingency analysis to facilitate assessing when traits are under selection, when they are not, and when intraindividual variation complicates these inferences. Beyond these conceptual advances, our work has implications for the White Sands system, a model system for repeated evolution. In particular, both lizard species experience different selection regimes within the same ecotonal habitat, despite both showing convergent evolution in dorsal blanching on White Sands.
Force-dependent development of the myodural bridge in rats: The impact of Integrin α7
The myodural bridge (MDB) represents specialized fibrous structures establishing connectivity between suboccipital musculature and the spinal dura mater (SDM). The suboccipital muscles, ligaments, and myodural bridge fibers together form a functional unit known as the myodural bridge complex (MDBC). Mechanical stress from suboccipital muscles may contribute to MDB maturation. Integrin α7 (ITGA7) is critical for skeletal muscle attachment to connective tissues, and is involved in the transmission of lateral and longitudinal forces in skeletal muscle. Given the muscle force transmission characteristics of ITGA7 and the dependence of MDB development on force transmission, we hypothesized that ITGA7 serves as a crucial link between RCDmi and the MDB it emits, and may involve in the development of MDBC. To test this, neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to shRNA-ITGA7, shRNA-NC control, lentiviral vectors were injected into the dorsal atlanto-occipital interspace. ITGA7 suppression significantly impaired MDB development and maturation, manifesting as disrupted fiber assembly and RCDmi muscle dystrophy. Ultrastructural analysis revealed disorganized collagen fiber architecture and an abundance of fibroblasts, indicative of immature collagen fibers, further corroborated by Picrosirius red staining. Additionally, ITGA7 knockdown resulted in diminished RCDmi muscle force and altered ECM-related gene expression profiles. A key finding of our study is the importance of ITGA7 as a direct molecular link between suboccipital muscles and MDB, suggesting that mechanical forces from suboccipital musculature fundamentally influence MDB differentiation and maturation. These findings substantiate MDB’s role in force transmission to the SDM and by extension, advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying MDB development and its physiological significance.
Comprehensive performance evaluation of four chemiluminescence immunoassays for detecting vitamin D deficiency across diverse clinical conditions
Background/Objectives Vitamin D deficiency is a significant global health concern, requiring accurate diagnosis. This study evaluates the performance of four chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) platforms; Snibe, Roche, DiaSorin, and Architect for vitamin D measurement. Methods A total of 345 serum samples, selected to represent a broad range of vitamin D levels and diverse health conditions, including pregnancy, chronic kidney disease, and osteoporosis, were analyzed using four platforms. Diagnostic metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, and overall percent agreement (OPA), were calculated. Spearman’s rank correlation and bias assessment were performed to evaluate inter-assay agreement. Results Spearman’s rank correlations were strong to very strong across the platforms, ranging from r = 0.924 to r = 0.969, reflecting high inter-assay concordance. Pairwise comparisons indicated that Snibe demonstrated high specificity (98–99%) and strong agreement with DiaSorin (κ = 0.91), while DiaSorin maintained a favorable balance between sensitivity (86–98%) and specificity (94–99%). Roche showed consistent diagnostic characteristics, with sensitivity ranging from 93–99% and specificity from 85–96%. Architect exhibited high sensitivity (97–99%) but relatively lower specificity (81–92%). Conclusions All platforms demonstrated robust diagnostic performance. Snibe showed notably high specificity, while DiaSorin offered balanced sensitivity and specificity. These findings underscore the relative strengths of each platform and support their use in clinical evaluation of vitamin D status.
Graph theory-based analysis of functional connectivity changes in brain networks underlying cognitive fatigue: An EEG study
Objective This investigation was designed to analyze alterations in functional connectivity across brain networks associated with cognitive fatigue through electroencephalogram (EEG) data analysis. Through the application of both global and local graph-theoretical metrics to characterize the topology of brain networks, this study establishes a conceptual framework supporting enhanced detection of cognitive fatigue manifestations while facilitating examination of its neurophysiological substrates. Methods The study cohort comprised neurologically intact individuals aged 20–35 years, recruited from Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 6 and September 30, 2024 for participation in a cognitive fatigue induction task. Following acquisition of written informed consent, data before and after the task were obtained, including both subjective fatigue assessments using the Visual analog scale for fatigue (VAS-F) scores and EEG data. The preprocessed EEG signals were segmented into three frequency bands: θ (4–8 Hz),α (8–13 Hz), and β (13–30 Hz). To determine the frequency band exhibiting maximal sensitivity to cognitive fatigue, cross-band comparative power spectral density (PSD) was implemented. The selected frequency band subsequently served as the basis for weighted Phase Lag Index (wPLI) computation, yielding a functional connectivity matrix derived from wPLI measurements. Network topology was evaluated through application of five global graph theory metrics (global efficiency [Eg], local efficiency [Eloc], clustering coefficient [Cp], shortest path length [Lp], and small-world property [Sigma]) complemented by two local graph theory metrics (nodal efficiency [NE] and degree centrality [DC]). This analytical framework enabled systematic comparison of connectivity patterns and topological characteristics between before and after cognitive fatigue states. Results Statistical analysis revealed significant post-fatigue elevations in global average PSD across all examined frequency bands: α (p < 0.001), θ (p < 0.001), and β (p = 0.004). The α band demonstrated the most pronounced effect size (Cohen’s d = 4.23, r = 0.90). Topological analysis of α-band wPLI networks showed enhanced Eg (p = 0.005), Eloc (p < 0.001), and Cp (p < 0.001), whereas Lp displayed significant reduction (p = 0.005). Regional analysis revealed preferential enhancement of NE, particularly in central and anterior cortical regions. Conclusion The experimental data indicated that α-band activity exhibited the highest sensitivity to cognitive fatigue induced by the sustained Stroop task, establishing a framework for accurate identification of fatigue states. Cognitive fatigue compensatory mechanisms manifested as concurrent improvements in both local and global neural information processing efficiency. Although such adaptive reorganization may compromise overall network efficiency, these findings implied an inherent balance between adaptive network reconfiguration and system efficiency. These results elucidated novel neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive fatigue, substantially advancing our understanding of brain network dynamics during prolonged cognitive demand.
Premature termination of DNA Damage Repair by 3-Methyladenine potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is widely recognized as a PI3K inhibitor involved in autophagy regulation. However, it is also a byproduct of DNA damage repair, and its role in modulating DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Cisplatin (CDDP), a cornerstone chemotherapeutic agent for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), exerts its cytotoxic effects by inducing DNA damage in tumor cells. This study investigates the combined effects of CDDP and 3-MA on NPC cells. Cell viability and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle distribution, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alterations, and apoptosis. γ-H2AX foci formation and morphological changes were examined via fluorescence microscopy, while Western blotting was used to evaluate proteins associated with the DNA damage response. The combination treatment significantly reduced cell viability and lowered the IC50 compared to CDDP alone. While both treatments induced Sub-G1 phase arrest, the combination resulted in greater MMP loss and apoptosis. Western blot analysis further revealed that 3-MA enhanced CDDP cytotoxicity by suppressing ATM/ATR/p53-mediated DNA damage repair and promoting apoptotic signaling. These findings suggest that 3-MA sensitizes NPC cells to CDDP by disrupting DNA repair processes, offering a promising therapeutic strategy.
Multi-scale feature pyramid network with bidirectional attention for efficient mural image classification
Mural image recognition plays a critical role in the digital preservation of cultural heritage; however, it faces cross-cultural and multi-period style generalization challenges, compounded by limited sample sizes and intricate details, such as losses caused by natural weathering of mural surfaces and complex artistic patterns.This paper proposes a deep learning model based on DenseNet201-FPN, incorporating a Bidirectional Convolutional Block Attention Module (Bi-CBAM), dynamic focal distillation loss, and convex regularization. First, a lightweight Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) is embedded into DenseNet201 to fuse multi-scale texture features (28 × 28 × 256, 14 × 14 × 512, 7 × 7 × 1024). Second, a bidirectional LSTM-driven attention module iteratively optimizes channel and spatial weights, enhancing detail perception for low-frequency categories. Third, a dynamic temperature distillation strategy (T = 3 → 1) balances supervision from teacher models (ResNeXt101) and ground truth, improving the F1-score of rare classes by 6.1%. Experimental results on a self-constructed mural dataset (2,000 images,26 subcategories.) demonstrate 87.9% accuracy (+3.7% over DenseNet201) and real-time inference on edge devices (63ms/frame at 8.1W on Jetson TX2). This study provides a cost-effective solution for large-scale mural digitization in resource-constrained environments.