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Exploring the relationship between after-hours work-related social media use and teacher job burnout
Evaluating the quality of ChatGPT-generated medical information on major ophthalmic conditions: A comparative assessment against the EQIP tool and guidelines
Background: The use of artificial intelligence for creating medical information is on the rise. Nonetheless, the accuracy and reliability of such information require thorough assessment. As a language model capable of generating text, ChatGPT needs a detailed examination of its effectiveness in the healthcare domain. Objective: This research sought to evaluate the precision of medical data produced by ChatGPT-4o (https://chat.openai.com/chat, accessed Mar. 12, 2025), concentrating on its capability to handle the top five ophthalmic issues that pose the greatest global health challenges. Furthermore, the investigation compared the AI’s answers to recognized medical guides. Methods: This research employed an adapted version of the Ensuring Quality of Information for Patients (EQIP) instrument to evaluate the quality of ChatGPT’s replies. The guidelines for the five conditions were rephrased into pertinent queries. These queries were then fed into ChatGPT, employing benchmarking against established ophthalmology clinical guidelines, and the resulting answers were independently scrutinized for precision and consistency by two investigators. The consistency among raters was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa value. Results: The median EQIP score across the five conditions was 18 (IQR 18-19). The modified EQIP instrument revealed a robust consensus between the two evaluators when assessing ChatGPT’s responses, as indicated by a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.926 (95% CI 0.875-0.977, P<0.001). The alignment between the ChatGPT responses and the guideline recommendations was 84% (21/25), as indicated by a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.658 (95% CI 0.317-0.999, P<0.001). Conclusions: ChatGPT demonstrates robust quality and guideline compliance in producing medical content. Nevertheless, improvements are necessary to enhance the accuracy of quantitative data and ensure a more comprehensive coverage, thereby offering valuable insights for the advancement of medical information generation.
Birds’ intruder alert hints at how sounds took on new meanings
Spatiotemporal kinematic parameters reflect spasticity level during forward reaching in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: correlation and regression analysis
Investment attractiveness in BRICS+ economies: Evaluating business environment reforms, institutional quality, and macroeconomic factors
Investment is a key driver of economic growth in emerging markets, yet the factors that enable or hinder foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment (DI) remain contested. Regulatory reforms aimed at improving the ease of doing business (EDB) have been widely promoted as a means to attract capital, but empirical evidence on their effectiveness, especially in diverse and institutionally heterogeneous economies, is mixed. This study examines how EDB affects investment flows in nine BRICS+ economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates) over 2004–2020. Three objectives guide the analysis: assessing the direct EDB-investment link, testing the mediating role of institutional quality, specifically, regulatory quality, government effectiveness, and control of corruption, and analyzing moderation by financial development, economic freedom, and macroeconomic stability. A Pooled Mean Group, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach is employed for the panel estimations, complemented by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to quantify mediation effects. The results reveal a dual effect of EDB, as it stimulates DI but exerts a modest negative long-term impact on FDI, likely due to transitional adjustment costs and the withdrawal of targeted investment incentives. Mediation analysis shows that institutional quality strongly channels the benefits of EDB to both FDI and DI, with indirect effects often exceeding direct ones. Financial development strengthens the positive EDB-investment relationship, while economic freedom and inflation partially dampen it. Country-specific results indicate substantial heterogeneity in the EDB-investment nexus, with some economies experiencing counterintuitive or insignificant effects. Policy implications differ by investment type. For FDI, reforms should be sequenced gradually, supported by transitional incentives, and aligned with targeted institutional strengthening to offset short-term deterrents. For DI, priority should be given to reducing operational costs, expanding access to finance, and maintaining macroeconomic stability, which collectively enhance domestic firms’ capacity to invest and grow.
Single-cell transcriptomic and genomic changes in the ageing human brain
The relationship between spiritual care needs and religious tendencies of cancer patients
Endovascular EEG device prospective multicenter single-arm clinical trial to confirm efficacy and safety performance on patients with Intractable Epilepsy: The EPSILON IE trial protocol
Introduction Epilepsy affects approximately 70 million people globally, with around 20−30% of these individuals experiencing drug-resistant epilepsy in which seizures remain uncontrolled despite prolonged treatment with anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Such refractory epilepsy significantly impairs quality of life, often necessitating surgical resection of the epileptic focus when ASMs fail. Accurate localization of the epileptic focus is crucial for successful surgery and typically requires invasive intracranial monitoring through subdural electrodes (SDE) or stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG). Despite their effectiveness, the invasiveness of these methods poses significant risks. In response to these challenges, the EP-01 device has been developed to measure intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) via the cerebral veins, offering a less invasive alternative. The Endovascular EEG Device Prospective Multicenter Single-arm clinical trial to confirm efficacy and safety performance on patients with Intractable Epilepsy (EPSILON IE) trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EP-01 in diagnosing the lateralization of epileptic foci in patients with focal epilepsy. The hypothesis is that EP-01, when equipped with multiple endovascular EEG electrodes, can accurately diagnose lateralization, reducing the need for more invasive procedures like SDE and SEEG. Methods and analysis This multicenter, prospective, single-arm validation clinical trial is set to take place from March 2024 to August 2025, with follow-up extending to August 2026. The study will enroll 37 patients with refractory focal epilepsy across several Japanese medical institutions. Eligibility criteria include age 15–70 years and a vascular anatomy that allows the EP-01 to be guided into cerebral veins close to the epileptic focus. The EP-01 device will be inserted via the jugular veins, with electrodes positioned in target cerebral veins to record intracranial EEG data. The primary endpoint is the percentage agreement in lateralization diagnosis between EP-01 and conventional intracranial electrodes. Secondary endpoints include the diagnostic performance of EP-01, safety assessments, and seizure outcomes one year after resection surgery. Participants will undergo a screening period of 30 days, followed by the clinical trial period of up to two weeks, during which EP-01 will be inserted and monitored. A post-observation period of one week will follow device removal to assess potential adverse events. Data collection will involve EEG recordings, imaging studies, and safety evaluations, with results analyzed to determine the efficacy and safety of the device compared to traditional methods. This trial aims to provide critical data on the potential for EP-01 to serve as a less-invasive, effective alternative for diagnosing epileptic focus lateralization, potentially reducing the need for traditional invasive monitoring methods.
Divergent evolutionary strategies pre-empt tissue collision in gastrulation
Abstract Metazoan development proceeds through a series of morphogenetic events that sculpt body plans and organ structures1,2. In the early embryo, these processes occur concurrently such that forces generated in neighbouring tissues can impose mechanical stresses on each other3–5, potentially disrupting development and consequently decreasing fitness. How organisms evolved mechanisms to mitigate inter-tissue mechanical conflicts remains unclear. Here, we combined phylogenetic survey, quantitative live imaging and functional mechanical perturbation to investigate mechanical stress management during gastrulation across the insect order of flies (Diptera). We identify two distinct cellular mechanisms that prevent tissue collision between the expanding head and trunk. In Cyclorrhapha, a monophyletic subgroup including Drosophila melanogaster, active out-of-plane deformation of a transient epithelial fold, called the cephalic furrow, acts as a mechanical sink to pre-empt head–trunk collision. Genetic and optogenetic ablation of the cephalic furrow leads to accumulation of compressive stress, tissue buckling at the head–trunk boundary and late-stage embryonic defects in the head and nervous system. By contrast, the non-cyclorrhaphan Chironomus riparius lacks cephalic furrow formation and instead undergoes widespread out-of-plane division that reduces the duration and spatial extent of head expansion. Re-orienting head mitosis from in-plane to out-of-plane in Drosophila partially suppresses tissue buckling, showing that it can function as an alternative mechanical sink. Our data suggest that mechanisms of mechanical stress management emerge and diverge in response to inter-tissue conflicts during early embryonic development.
Deficiencies in methionine, tryptophan, and niacin remodels intestinal transcriptome and gut microbiota in female mice
Efficacy of 8-week oral iron supplementation on fatigue and physical capacity in young women with iron deficiency anemia: An uncontrolled pilot clinical trial
This study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of ferrous sulfate supplementation (160 mg elemental iron/day) on fatigue and physical performance in young women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). In this uncontrolled pilot clinical trial, twenty-three women with IDA aged between 18 and 30 years participated in this study. Aerobic fitness, muscle strength and muscle endurance were performed to evaluate physical capacities. Moreover, the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) was used to assess general, physical, and mental fatigue, reduced activity and motivation. Due to multiple comparisons, the level of significance was set at 0.00625. The results of this study revealed that muscle endurance values increased significantly (P < 0.001) after 8 weeks of iron supplementation compared to pre-intervention values. In addition, scores of general (P < 0.001), physical (P < 0.001) and mental (P < 0.001) fatigue, and reduced activity (P < 0.001) and motivation (P = 0.006) decreased significantly in post- intervention compared to pre- intervention. However, there were no improvements in aerobic fitness (P = 0.008) and muscle strength (P = 0.086). In women of reproductive age with IDA, 8 weeks of iron supplementation improve muscle endurance, but not aerobic fitness or muscle strength. These improvements could be explained by the increase in hemoglobin (Hb) (by 17.62%) and serum ferritin (by 63.2%) concentrations and the decrease in fatigue scores after the supplementation period.
Digital flocks, predators allow ecologists to simulate real-world animal behaviour
Flies evolved a shock-absorber tissue used during embryonic development
Effect of low temperature on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of 3D printed short carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites (CF/PEEK)
Work-life balance, job satisfaction, and burnout among nurses in Jordan: A cross-sectional study
Aim This study aims to investigate work life balance (WLB), job satisfaction, and occupational burnout among nursing professionals in Jordan. identifying key factors that influence their well-being and professional engagement. Methods This cross-sectional study (January–April 2023) surveyed Jordanian nurses using the Netemeyer Work-Life Balance Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Stratified sampling ensured diverse representation. Multiple logistic regression analyzed WLB determinants, adjusting for demographics and work-related factors. Ethical approval was obtained from JUST-IRB, with informed consent and confidentiality assured. Results A total of 500 nurses participated, 67.8% female. Key findings include nurses with a master’s or PhD degree reported significantly higher WLB than those with a bachelor’s degree (aOR = 3.081, p = 0.003). Work interference with personal life was evident, with 40.7% (165 respondents) reporting that their job demands negatively impacted their family life. In contrast, those working more than 50 hours per week had higher WLB (aOR = 2.652, p = 0.029). Conclusion The study highlights the demographic and occupational factors influencing WLB, job satisfaction, and burnout among Jordanian nurses. Nurses working over 50 hours per week reported significantly higher WLB, yet job satisfaction remained moderate, and burnout, especially work-related, was a prevalent issue. Understanding these factors is crucial for enhancing the well-being and performance of nurses in Jordan.
Metals are key to the global economy — but three challenges threaten supply chains
Riparian vegetation layers differ three years after mixed severity wildfire in Oregon
A study of the impact of social network types on the health of older adults—Mediated by psychological resilience
Aim To explore the different types of social network types and their impact on the health of the elderly, as well as the influencing mechanisms to promote their health. Method k-means clustering, regression analysis, mediating effect method. Results For Chinese elderly people, social network types have a significant impact on the self-rated health, but not on the chronic conditions. The benefits of diverse social network types are significant and positively influence their health by enhancing psychological resilience. There is heterogeneity among different characteristic groups. Discussion This not only suggests that elderly individuals should consciously engage with different types of people in their daily lives, but also emphasizes the need for the government to further establish and improve platforms that promote a diverse social network for the elderly, and provide personalized services and guidance for different groups.