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Studying the effect of reaction time on the properties of UiO-66-Ce MOF as an efficient adsorbent
Global comparative structural analysis of responses to protein phosphorylation
Abstract Post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly protein phosphorylation, are key regulators of cellular processes, impacting numerous aspects of protein activity. Despite widespread phosphorylation of eukaryotic proteomes, the function of most phosphosites remains unknown. Elucidating the structural mechanisms underlying phosphorylation is crucial for understanding its regulatory roles. Here, we present a comparative structural analysis of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Our study systematically evaluates how phosphorylation affects backbone conformation, protein dynamics, and mechanical strain. We found that phosphorylation commonly induces small, stabilizing conformational changes through conformational selection and frequently modulates local residue fluctuations, influencing overall protein motion. Notably, a small but significant subset of phosphosites shows mechanical coupling with functional sites, aligning with the domino model of allosteric signal transduction. This work provides a foundation for studying phosphorylation and other PTMs in their structural context, which will guide the rational design of synthetic phosphosites and enable the engineering of PTM-driven regulatory circuits in synthetic biology.
Prediction of advanced chronic kidney disease through retinal fundus images by deep learning
Simultaneous EEG-PET-MRI identifies temporally coupled and spatially structured brain dynamics across wakefulness and NREM sleep
Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei causes lipid droplet depletion and imbalanced lipid metabolism in Penaeus vannamei
Abstract Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP) infection in Penaeus vannamei causes significant economic losses in shrimp aquaculture due to growth retardation. Unable to generate ATP, EHP obligately relies on host energy production to survive. We hypothesize that EHP may potentially disrupt its host’s lipid metabolism as lipid is the most energy-dense resource. To this end, the effects of EHP infection on lipid metabolism were investigated by evaluating activities and expressions of digestive enzymes, accumulation of lipid droplets, and expression of genes involved in lipid breakdown and synthesis. Results revealed that EHP infection progressively diminished digestive enzyme activities, leading to reduced nutrient availability. A persistent reduction of lipid droplet accumulation was detected from the onset of EHP infection. The marked decrease in the early stages was attributable to increased lipid droplet breakdown outpacing lipid synthesis. In the later stage, a partial recovery of lipid synthesis gene expression was observed; however, this was insufficient to counteract increased lipid breakdown, as genes in this pathway were upregulated. Ultimately, this imbalance resulted in a marked depletion of lipid droplets. These findings highlight how EHP infection chronically impairs digestion, drains lipid reservoir of its host and, eventually, retards growth. In terms of a potential practical solution, this study implies that dietary lipid supplementation might alleviate the metabolic disruption of EHP and, thereby, lessen the extent of growth retardation in infected population.
Targeted high-resolution sensing of volatile organic compounds by covalent nanopore detection
Abstract Volatile organic compounds are choice analytes in a variety of contexts. For example, humans release over 4000 volatile organic compounds, many of which are diagnostic of life-threatening medical conditions. The analysis of combinations of a large number of potential analytes requires the application of costly, cumbersome technology. In this work, we show that covalent nanopore sensing can be used for the targeted detection of a reduced set of analytes in a mixture. In this case aldehydes, which constitute ~5% of human volatiles, can be selectively detected by using reversible thiol-aldehyde chemistry. Further, nanopore engineering permits high-resolution detection, which allows closely related aldehydes, including isomers, to be distinguished. Differential sensing of members of other chemical classes, such as mono alcohols, is also demonstrated by leveraging their enzymatic conversion into aldehydes. Our approach is compatible with the use of low-cost, portable, user-friendly diagnostic devices applicable to a wide variety of objectives, including pollutant monitoring, food and beverage testing and the quality control of pharmaceuticals, as well as disease diagnostics.
A dimensionless group model of the gas–oil interface stability for CO2 gas cap flooding and storage in fault block reservoirs
Abstract The stability of the gas displacing oil front (i.e., gas–oil interface) is of the utmost importance for the success of the immiscible gas flooding project under crestal gas injection. However, the preceding gas flooding assessment models are deficient in their description of the gas flooding mechanism, and they do not take into account the critical influencing factors in a comprehensive manner. Utilizing theoretical derivation, oilfield justifications, criterion and experiment validation, and dimensional analysis on crestal gas injection for stable flooding, this study presents an innovative theory and technique for artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding under CO 2 injection, which could not only greatly improve crude oil recovery but also realize CO 2 geological storage on a large scale, and new insights into displacement mechanism on the gas–oil interface through artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding process. Based on the multiphase filtrate theory, considering the influencing factors such as crude oil density, crude oil viscosity, density of injected gas, gas injection rate, strata dip, liquid phase relative permeability, air permeability in formation direction, viscosity of injected gas, gas phase relative permeability and the acting forces such as buoyancy, gravity, driving pressure, capillary pressure, viscous force and additional resistance in multiphase flow during the artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding process under CO 2 injection, A simple quantified artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding assessment model ( $${N_{{\text{GOI}}}}$$ ) was established. The results indicate the artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding process has the theory and field feasibility of greatly enhancing crude oil recovery and realizing CO 2 geological storage on a large scale. And the oil reservoirs with strata dip, which have large oil and gas density difference, small oil and gas viscosity ratio, large oil and gas relative permeability ratio, large strata dip, and large air permeability in the direction are easy to exert gravity and buoyancy, reduce the influence of capillary pressure, viscosity and additional resistance, benefit to maintain the stability of gas displacing oil front and improve microscopic oil displacement efficiency, and facilitate the implementation of artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding development. In addition, the theoretical deduction, field and experimental validation indicate that artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding under CO 2 injection can be realized when $${N_{{\text{GOI}}}}$$ is greater than 1. The proposed $${N_{{\text{GOI}}}}$$ model can be used as a creterion to assess the stablity and efficiency of the crestal gas injection for stable flooding such as artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible rigid stable gas flooding, artificial CO 2 gas cap immiscible stable gas flooding, GAGD, gravity assisted gas injection, and crestal gas injection for stable gravity flooding for theoretical investigation, numerical simulation, laboratory test and field trial project design or operation.
Mode of intracontinental mountain building controlled by lower crustal composition and mantle lithosphere depletion
Abstract Tectonic plate convergence is accommodated across the continental lithosphere via discrete lithospheric subduction or distributed shortening and thickening. These end-member deformation modes control intra-plate mountain building, but their selection mechanism remains unclear. The variable composition of the continental crust and lithospheric mantle, which impacts its density and rheology, can be inferred by the distribution of magnetic-indicated crustal iron. Here we demonstrate that vertically coherent pure-shear shortening dominated the active Tian Shan orogen, central Asia, based on high-resolution aeromagnetic imaging and geophysical-geodetic observations. Integrating these findings with thermomechanical collisional models reveals that the mode of intracontinental deformation depends on contrasts in lower crust composition and mantle lithosphere depletion between the converging continents and central orogenic region. Distributed shortening prevails when the converging continents have a more iron-enriched mafic crust and iron-depleted mantle lithosphere when compared to the intervening orogenic region. Conversely, continental subduction occurs without such lithospheric contrasts. This result explains how the Tian Shan orogen formed via distributed lithospheric thickening without continental subduction or underthrusting. Our interpretations imply that iron distribution in the crust correlates with lithospheric compositional, density, and rheological structure, which impacts the preservation and destruction of Earth’s continents, including long-lived cratons, during intracontinental orogeny.
Influence of grasp context-dependent uncertainty on sensorimotor integration during object manipulation is independent of stimulus history
Modality-projection universal model for comprehensive full-body medical imaging segmentation
Cascaded deep learning for flame detection and heat release rate quantification in fire safety
LorBin: efficient binning of long-read metagenomes by multiscale adaptive clustering and evaluation
Assessment of building damage from the 2020 Sivrice earthquake using a satellite based rapid seismic screening method
Engineering wetware and software for the predictive design of compressed genetic circuits for higher-state decision-making
Ultraviolet photodetector based on p+-Si/n-ZnO bilayer structure
MultiGATE: integrative analysis and regulatory inference in spatial multi-omics data via graph representation learning
Abstract New spatial multi-omics technologies, which jointly profile transcriptome and epigenome/protein markers for the same tissue section, expand the frontiers of spatial techniques. Here, we introduce MultiGATE, which utilizes a two-level graph attention auto-encoder to integrate the multi-modality and spatial information in spatial multi-omics data. The key feature of MultiGATE is that it simultaneously performs embedding of the spatial pixels and infers the cross-modality regulatory relationship, which allows deeper data integration and provides insights on transcriptional regulation. We evaluate the performance of MultiGATE on spatial multi-omics datasets obtained from different tissues and platforms. Through effectively integrating spatial multi-omics data, MultiGATE both enhances the extraction of latent embeddings of the pixels and boosts the inference of transcriptional regulation for cross-modality genomic features.