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Retrospective analysis of dental chair failures and usage patterns in academic dental clinics
Aerial small target detection algorithm based on cross-scale separated attention
In UAV aerial photography scenarios, targets exhibit characteristics such as multi-scale distribution, a high proportion of small targets, complex occlusions, and strong background interference. These characteristics impose high demands on detection algorithms in terms of fine-grained feature extraction, cross-scale fusion capability, and occlusion resistance.The YOLOv11s model has significant limitations in practical applications: its feature extraction module has a single semantic representation, the traditional feature pyramid network has limited capability to detect multi-scale targets, and it lacks an effective feature compensation mechanism when targets are occluded.To address these issues, we propose a UAV aerial small target detection algorithm named UAS-YOLO (Universal Inverted Bottleneck with Adaptive BiFPN and Separated and Enhancement Attention module YOLO), which incorporates three key optimizations. First, an Adaptive Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (ABiFPN) is designed as the Neck structure. Through cross-scale connections and dynamic weighted fusion, ABiFPN adjusts weight allocation based on target scale characteristics, focusing on enhancing feature integration for scales related to small targets and improving multi-scale feature representation capability. Second, a Separated and Enhancement Attention Module (SEAM) is introduced to replace the original SPPF module. This module focuses on key target regions, enhances effective feature responses in unoccluded areas, and specifically compensates for information loss in occluded regions, thereby improving the detection stability of occluded small targets. Third, a Universal Inverted Bottleneck (UIB) structure is proposed, which is fused with the C3K2 module to form the C3K2_UIB module. By leveraging dynamic channel attention and spatial feature recalibration, C3K2_UIB suppresses background noise; although this increases parameters by 34%, it achieves improved detection accuracy through efficient feature selection, striking a balance between accuracy and complexity.Experimental results show that on the VisDrone2019 dataset and the TinyPerson dataset from Kaggle, the mean Average Precision (mAP) of the algorithm is increased by 4.9 and 2.1 percentage points, respectively. Moreover, it demonstrates greater advantages compared to existing advanced algorithms, effectively addressing the challenge of small target detection in complex UAV scenarios.
Plasma protein increase as a chronological aging factor in healthy toy poodles
Abstract Although extensive research has examined aging markers in larger dog breeds, little is known about small breeds. This study assesses the relevance of aging biomarkers examined in larger breeds and other biological species, focusing on toy poodles (N = 40) as a model of small breeds and retrievers (N = 17) serving as a large-sized reference. Healthy individuals with no significant health declines for up to a year post-data collection were studied for age-related changes in various parameters, excluding disease factors. Our cross-sectional analysis identified significant correlations between age and increases in plasma protein concentration and amylase levels across both breeds, with breed-specific age-related declines in vaccine responses to various viruses observed only in toy poodles. Longitudinal analysis over one year confirmed a significant temporal increase in plasma protein in toy poodles, with a similar, albeit non-significant, trend in retrievers. Unlike in other species, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and fecal microbiota showed no age-related changes. Additionally, the previously reported frailty index correlated with age in retrievers but not in toy poodles. Notably, including deceased individuals during the study strengthened correlations. These results suggest plasma protein increase as a chronological aging factor in toy poodles and enhance our understanding of aging in healthy small dog breeds.
Validation of an instrument to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding occupational accident prevention among rice farmers
Background Despite the hazardous nature of rice farming, limited evidence exists regarding farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward accident prevention, and no standardized instrument is currently available to measure these dimensions in Vietnam or comparable contexts. This study aimed to develop and validate a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing rice farmers’ KAP related to occupational accident prevention. Methods Instrument development and validation were carried out in three stages. First, an initial item pool was generated through an extensive review of existing literature. Second, content validity was established through expert consultation involving professionals in agriculture, occupational health, and public health. Third, a pilot study was conducted with 168 rice farmers in Thai Binh Province, Vietnam, to evaluate the instrument’s psychometric properties. Results Exploratory factor analysis identified 20 items across five factors in the knowledge domain, nine items forming a single factor for attitudes, and 17 items grouped into four factors for practices, explaining 85.8%, 43.8%, and 72.3% of the total variance, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis supported these structures, demonstrating satisfactory model fit across domains. The instrument exhibited high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.894 to 0.969 for knowledge, 0.833 for attitudes, and 0.805 to 0.933 for practices. Conclusion The validated instrument provides a reliable and valid measure of rice farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning occupational accident prevention. It offers a robust foundation for future research, monitoring, and targeted interventions aimed at improving safety behaviors and reducing injury risks among agricultural workers.
The role of fractional derivatives and magnetic fields in shaping MHD newtonian flow behavior in injected diverging channels
Breaking the cycle: Systematic review of perinatal interventions for parents at risk of child removal
This systematic review examined the effectiveness of perinatal interventions aimed at preventing infant removals, with attention to service features, implementation barriers, and enablers. We searched six electronic databases and 15 relevant websites for peer reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024. Eligible studies evaluated interventions targeting pregnant parents at risk of having another child removed and reported on infant removal outcomes. Independent reviewers screened studies using Covidence. A total of 256 records were obtained, of which six peer reviewed studies covering eight interventions, involving 3,254 pregnant women and 20 professionals met the inclusion criteria. Three studies included comparison groups, including only one randomized controlled trial. Five studies assessed program-level interventions, and one study evaluated a policy change. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Two of the three comparative studies indicated that targeted interventions may help reduce infant removals. Four of the six studies highlighted that trauma-informed, relationship-based, and multidisciplinary approaches delivered during pregnancy were associated with reductions in infant removals and improvements in maternal wellbeing, housing stability, substance use, and service engagement. Facilitators of successful implementation included continuity of care, culturally safe and non-judgmental support, and flexible services tailored to family needs. Common barriers were late referrals, limited intervention timelines, mistrust of services particularly among families with prior removals and insecure funding that constrained scale and sustainability. Despite generally positive outcomes, the evidence base remains weak due to small samples, limited diversity, lack of comparison groups, and short follow-up periods. This first systematic review of perinatal interventions for preventing infant removals highlights the need for long term, inclusive, comparative research. It underscores the importance of embedding early, holistic support in routine services and offers valuable insights for policy and practice on supporting parents with complex needs within the child protection system.
Exploring tumor dynamics and responses of prostate cancer to IL-27 based treatment combinations through biodynamic imaging and RNA sequencing analyses
Health SDGs are at risk from climate change: Evidence from India
Climate change poses significant risks to human health in India, with 80% of the population located in areas highly vulnerable to extreme events, such as cyclones, floods and heatwaves. While India has made progress on several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), risks from climate change can undermine the achievements. This study examines the impact of climate vulnerability on health related targets under the SDG2 on Zero Hunger and SDG3 on Good Health and Well-being. Statistical and econometric methods including a multivariate logistic regression are used to examine the relationship between climate vulnerability, social and economic determinants of health and health outcomes in 575 districts of rural India. 2 national datasets are used for the analysis, namely, a health survey and a climate risk and vulnerability assessment, with a sample size of 154,547 children and 447,348 women. A highly significant and negative relationship is found between climate vulnerability and attainment levels of health outcomes. Districts that are highly vulnerable to climate change consistently underperform on the studied health targets as compared to districts which are less vulnerable to climate change. For instance, the chance of children being underweight and that of women having non-institutional deliveries, is 1.25 and 1.38 times higher, respectively, in districts that are highly vulnerable to climate change than districts that are less vulnerable. While the extent of the adverse impact varies, the findings establish the necessity to take account of the adverse impacts of climate change on health outcomes, apart from the socio-economic and access related factors that have conventionally been considered as relevant in influencing these outcomes. in LMICs like India. There is an urgent need for timely action to address climate change risks, including effective adaption in health, to ensure that the desired health and well-being outcomes can be achieved and sustained, amidst rising climate risks.
Fixed window joint Euler deconvolution for depth estimation of magnetic and gravity data in the Shavaz region
Association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia: The role of FT3/FT4 ratio
Background Thyroid hormone sensitivity has emerged as a critical factor in various diseases. However, its relationship with ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia (iSAP) in euthyroid patients with ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and iSAP risk. Methods A total of 1,767 euthyroid patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled and categorized into the iSAP group (n = 376) and the non-iSAP group (n = 1,391). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices-including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), FT3/FT4 ratio, thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI), and thyroid feedback quantile-based indices (TFQI-FT3, TFQI-FT4)-and iSAP risk. The predictive performance of these indices was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Compared with the non-iSAP group, patients with iSAP were older and exhibited a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), along with greater stroke severity (higher NIHSS scores). Univariate analysis demonstrated that higher FT3 levels (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80–0.91, p < 0.0001) and a higher FT3/FT4 ratio (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.69–0.92, p = 0.0018) were statistically associated with lower odds of developing iSAP. After adjusting for confounders, multivariate analysis revealed that a higher FT3/FT4 ratio remained inversely associated with iSAP occurrence (Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26–0.62, p < 0.0001; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19–0.48, p < 0.0001). Additionally, elevated TFQI-FT3 levels showed a significant inverse association with iSAP occurrence (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18–0.67, p = 0.0017). ROC analysis demonstrated that the FT3/FT4 ratio and the Age, Atrial fibrillation, Dysphagia, Sex, and Stroke Severity(A2DS2)score exhibited moderate predictive accuracy for iSAP, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.711 and 0.763, respectively. Conclusion In euthyroid patients with ischemic stroke, a lower FT3/FT4 ratio and reduced TFQI-FT3 levels were linked to higher odds of iSAP. These exploratory findings suggest that thyroid hormone sensitivity indices, particularly the FT3/FT4 ratio, may serve as potential predictive markers and warrant validation in prospective studies.
Effect of salinity and surfactant type on spreading coefficient and capillary number of [C12mim] Cl mixtures
Passive air sampling detects environmental DNA transfer from water into air
Abstract Water and air are generally treated as separate reservoirs of environmental DNA (eDNA) derived from the species resident in those respective environmental compartments. However, it is likely that eDNA routinely crosses the air–water boundary in both directions as a result of deposition, evaporation, or other processes. Here, we systematically tested methods of sampling eDNA at the air–water interface, showing for the first time that aquatic life can be consistently detected under standardized field conditions from passive air samples. We deployed four simple air samplers — three different kinds of filters and one open tray of deionized water — alongside paired water samples and visual counts over a six-week peak run of Coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) at a local spawning stream. We then quantified eDNA concentrations in both air and water (air: copies/cm 2 /day; water: copies/L) using quantitative PCR, to estimate (1) the concentration of target eDNA in air vs. water, and (2) the capture performance of each filter type. Passive air collectors captured quantitative airborne eDNA signals that covaried with salmon counts, despite air eDNA concentrations being approximately 25,000 times more dilute than water, although eDNA recovery varied with sampler design and orientation. We show the air–water interface can be a quantifiable source of aquatic genetic information in this system using simple, passive samplers that do not require electricity, making them appealing for biomonitoring in remote or resource-limited settings. This work points the way to using airborne eDNA as a promising pathway for biological information critical to conservation, resource management, and public-health protection.
Development and optimization of Moxifloxacin solid lipid nanoparticles via double emulsion organic solvent free technique applying Box–Behnken experimental design
Abstract The current research proposes the preparation of Moxifloxacin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles through a solvent-free double emulsion technique, to overcome chronic wound healing limitation. The independent variables: stearic acid, Span 80, and Tween 80 were optimized via Box–Behnken design, based on entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential (ZP), and particle size (PS). To statistically optimize the formulation variables, a three-factor, three-level (3³) design involving 15 runs was employed and optimization was carried out to attain maximum EE% and ZP and minimum PS yielding an overall desirability of 0.851. Results indicated that increasing stearic acid enhanced EE%, Span 80 increase PS, and Tween 80 improved ZP. The Optimized SLNs formula had a ZP of − 52.4 mV, EE% of ~ 79.6% and PS of 257 nm. Chemical compatibility was emphasized using FTIR, and XRD studies revealed reduced drug crystallinity within the lipid matrix, which confirmed successful encapsulation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed nanoparticles with defined spherical shape and smooth surface. The optimized formula is anticipated to enhance dermal distribution and prolonged antibiotic release, thereby offering an efficient therapeutic strategy for the management of chronic wounds.
Previous exposure to traumatic brain injury alters acute stress responses in mice
Abstract Acute stress (AS) exposure and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have a high prevalence and result in emotional and behavioral impairments. In fact, TBI is a leading cause of mortality in young adults and survivors cope with neuropsychological sequelae including memory decline, addiction, anxiety and compromised stress responses. So far, the interaction of psychological stress with previous TBI is poorly understood. Herein, the impact of a previous TBI on AS responsiveness was investigated. For this, a model of mild TBI and restraint AS was employed and mice were grouped into sham, TBI alone, AS alone and TBI + AS cohorts. The impact of an initial TBI on subsequent AS was analyzed by immediate early gene (IEG) and neuroinflammatory gene expression as well as proteomics. In addition, behavioral consequences were monitored by open field, ladder walk and the Catwalk gait analysis. Finally, since both TBI and AS impinge on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation, CORT and ACTH levels were measured. We observed that some AS associated responses such as gene induction in the brain and HPA axis were largely unaffected by TBI occurring one day before AS exposure. In contrast, on the behavioral level, several AS associated locomotor alterations were modulated post-TBI. Hormone levels of the HPA axis were likewise modulated by the TBI and AS interaction. Finally, blood-derived proteomics identified proteins regulated by individual exposures as well as by the TBI and AS interaction. In summary, we demonstrate that previous TBI affects responsiveness to AS exposure on behavioral level and HPA axis regulation.