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Structurally constrained functional connectivity reveals efficient visuomotor decision-making mechanisms in action video gamers
Modelling fluid-film bearings in high-speed rotating machinery considering the prehistory of dynamic phenomena
Efficacy and safety of ESR-EB and ESE in the treatment of small gastric muscularis propria tumours: single-centre prospective cohort study
Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic snare resection with an elastic band (ESR-EB) and endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE) for the treatment of gastric muscularis propria tumours ≤ 10 mm in size. Methods From April 2023 to October 2024, gastric muscularis propria tumours ≤ 10 mm in size that were resected via ESR-EB or ESE were prospectively collected at Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital. The general clinical characteristics, tumour location, tumour size, growth pattern, histological diagnosis, operation time, resection time, complete resection rate, incidence of intraoperative complications, postoperative antibiotic usage rate, postoperative hospital stay, follow-up time, and presence of recurrence and metastasis were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 245 patients were enrolled, 14 of whom were excluded due to having multiple muscularis propria tumours in the stomach. Therefore, 231 patients were ultimately included for analysis (108 patients in the ESR-EB group and 123 patients in the ESE group). There were no differences in sex or tumour growth pattern, but there were significant differences in age, tumour size and tumour location (P < 0.05). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used, resulting in 54 patients in each group. The operation time was significantly shorter in the ESR-EB group than in the ESE group (21.61 ± 9.31 min vs. 33.15 ± 19.00 min; P < 0.001). The resection time significantly shorter in the ESE-EB group than in the ESE group (9.85 ± 6.09 min vs. 26.39 ± 18.16 min; P < 0.001). A 100% complete resection rate was achieved in both groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (5.81 ± 1.41 d vs. 5.39 ± 1.53 d; P = 0.161). GISTs represented the most common histological diagnosis in both groups. Thirty-two patients (59.26%) in the ESR-EB group had gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), and 27 patients (50.00%) in the ESE group had GISTs. The second most common histological diagnosis was leiomyoma, and schwannoma was the rarest histological diagnosis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of histological diagnoses (P = 0.463). Perforation was the most common intraoperative complication, affecting 30 patients (55.56%) in the ESR-EB group and 21 patients (38.89%) in the ESE group; this difference was not significant (P = 0.083). Five patients (9.26%) in the ESR-EB group experienced intraoperative bleeding, which was significantly lower than the 18 patients (33.33%) in the ESE group (P = 0.002). All perforations and bleeding were successfully managed endoscopically. Twenty-six (48.15%) patients in the ESR-EB group and 17 (31.48%) patients in the ESE group used postoperative antibiotics; this difference was not significant (P = 0.077). There was no significant difference in follow-up time between the ESR-EB and ESE groups (240.50 ± 57.14 d vs. 238.41 ± 57.48 d; P = 0.054). Neither group experienced recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period. Conclusion Both ESR-EB and ESE are effective and safe methods for the resection of gastric muscularis propria tumours. However, ESR-EB has a low incidence of intraoperative bleeding as well as short operation and resection times; thus, ESR-EB is a safer and time-saving endoscopic technique. Trial registration :This trial was registered at chictr.org.cn under identifier Chictr2300072856.
Modular Design of Polymer Donors Regulates Solution Aggregation and Stretchability of Organic Solar Cells
Abstract The use of nonhalogenated solvents in organic solar cell (OSC) manufacturing is crucial for environmental sustainability but remains hindered by difficulties in achieving optimal thin‐film morphologies. In particular, controlling solution‐state aggregation to form well‐defined fibrillar networks that enable high device performance is a central challenge. Here, we present a modular molecular design strategy based on the PTzBI polymer platform, enabling simultaneous tuning of energy levels, crystalline packing, and chain flexibility to address this limitation. The resulting polymer, PTzBI‐dF‐Si, integrates a fluorinated backbone and siloxane‐terminated side chains, showing balanced solubility and controlled solution‐state aggregation in o ‐xylene. These network‐like solution aggregates translate into enhanced molecular crystallinity and a well‐organized fibrillar morphology in the solid film. The corresponding PTzBI‐dF‐Si:L8‐BO blends achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.9% in rigid OSCs. Moreover, PTzBI‐dF‐Si exhibits ductile deformation with a fracture strain of ∼20%, leading to intrinsically stretchable OSCs with a PCE over 16%, retaining >80% of the initial PCE under 40% strain. These results highlight the promise of rational, modular polymer design in advancing nonhalogenated‐solvent processed, high‐efficiency, and mechanically robust OSCs for scalable and wearable electronic applications.
Synergistic effects of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and graphene oxide in low-carbon concrete: modelling, optimization, and sustainability assessment
An improved hybrid image steganography method using AES algorithm
East Amazon forest understory temperatures reached a record high in 2023–2024
One‐Step Assembly of α‐Aryl‐Substituted DOTAs as Superior and Universal Platforms for Multifunctional Theranostics
Abstract α‐Substituted DOTAs are promising chelators for MRI contrast agents owing to the improved coordination stability and relaxivity of the corresponding Gd(III) complexes. However, their broader application is limited by significant synthetic challenges arising from their multi‐component nature. In this work, we report—for the first time—the use of multi‐component reactions (MCRs) to assemble all necessary building blocks of α‐aryl‐substituted DOTAs in a single step. This strategy yields derivatives with faster coordination kinetics. Furthermore, we extend their application to luminescent lanthanide probes, achieving improved photophysical properties. This MCR approach offers a versatile solution for establishing a library of functionalized diagnostic and therapeutic agents. We are convinced that this work will reshape the field, inspiring broader exploration of α‐aryl‐substituted DOTA derivatives and unlocking their full potential in next‐generation biomedical applications.
Dual denoising contrastive learning with multi-interest fusion for sequential recommendation
Carbonyl‐Anchoring Stabilized Copper Single Sites with Cavity‐Enhanced Mass Transport for Acetylene‐to‐Ethylene Electrosynthesis
Abstract Controlling mass transfer and adsorption in single‐site catalysts is critical for the activity and selectivity of heterogeneous electrocatalytic hydrogenation, but structural fragility at large current densities (≥200 mA cm −2 ) makes their practical application challenging. Here, taking acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) hydrogenation to ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) as an example, cucurbit[6]uril‐coordinated copper (CB[6]‐Cu) is theoretically predicted and experimentally proven to be the desired carbonyl‐anchoring isolated Cu site with engineered mass transport. CB[6]‐Cu demonstrates an outstanding Faradaic efficiency of 95.4% for C 2 H 4 , which significantly suppresses the competitive coupling and hydrogen evolution reactions at 300 mA cm −2 , with a turnover frequency of 2.91 s −1 and 65 h of continuous stable operation. The distinctive C 2 H 2 adsorption configuration and broken hydrogen bond network are revealed to result in optimal coverage and a sufficient supply of C 2 H 2 feedstocks, accounting for the remarkable C 2 H 4 performance. The extended CB[6]‐Co also exhibits enhanced NO‐to‐NH 2 OH electrosynthesis performance, highlighting its potential.
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic and lung inflammation in rats
Effects of dietary clove oil on growth performance, blood biochemistry and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens fed low-energy diets
Abstract This study investigated the effects of emulsified clove oil supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and meat quality of broiler chickens fed a low-energy diet. A total of 252 day-old Cobb broiler chicks unsexed were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group, T1 (300 mg/kg clove oil with emulsifier and 200 kcal energy reductions), and T2 (300 mg/kg clove oil without emulsifier and 200 kcal energy reduction). Both treatments improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, with T1 showing superior efficiency due to enhanced nutrient absorption. Carcass analysis revealed increased yields of breast and thigh, especially in T2, while T1 supported more balanced growth. Blood biochemical results indicated improved protein metabolism and lipid profile without adverse effects on liver or kidney function. The antioxidant capacity was significantly elevated in both treated groups, resulting in a reduction of oxidative stress markers. Clove oil supplementation also altered the fatty acid profile of broiler meat by increasing monounsaturated fatty acids and maintaining polyunsaturated fatty acid levels. Notably, the emulsifier in T1 significantly reduced abdominal microflora by up to 55% compared to other groups. MALDI-TOF/MS Biotyper ® identified the dominant microorganisms as Bacillus altitudinis /pumilus. These findings highlight the potential of emulsified clove oil as a functional feed additive for enhancing broiler productivity and health.
Safety assessment and in vitro cytotoxicity profiling of fruiting bodies from Lentinula edodes (shiitake) strains in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines
Development and evaluation of PU@PbO/B4C composite for gamma and neutron radiation shielding
The role of digital technologies in enhancing construction project management
Counteranion‐Controlled Chemodivergent Transfer‐Hydrothiolation/Carbothiolation Using Thioethers as Bifunctional Reagents
Abstract The pursuit of catalysis capable of forging C( sp 3 )─S bonds is extremely desired because these bonds have substantial importance in pharmaceuticals, functional materials, and organic synthesis. Hydrothiolation and carbothiolation of feedstock alkenes are among the most straightforward and prominent approaches to C( sp 3 )─S bond formations. However, hydrothiolation of alkyl‐substituted alkenes typically proceeds in an anti ‐Markovnikov fashion, and carbothiolation predominantly relies on three‐component coupling strategies using highly reactive pre‐functionalized electrophilic sulfur sources and nucleophilic carbon sources. Herein, by strategically using heterolytic cleavage of C( sp 3 )─S bond, we report a chemodivergent transfer‐hydrothiolation and carbothiolation of alkenes with thioethers serving as bifunctional reagents. The chemo‐control is achieved through careful selection of the counteranion associated with the Rh‐center. Counteranions with relatively strong coordinating ability, such as TfO − , promote an unusual Markovnikov transfer‐thiol‐ene reaction. Conversely, noncoordinating counteranions, such as BF 4 − , enable an unprecedented intermolecular thioether‐ene reaction that adds thioethers directly across alkenes. Mechanistic and computational studies elucidated that the coordination or noncoordination of counteranions on Rh can alter the basicity of the thiolate, resulting in chemodivergence.
Study on the energy evolution mechanism and periodic micro-fracture of the BR under triaxial compression tests
Abstract In underground metal mining, the complex environment and in-situ stress control requirements impose increasingly strict standards on backfill mining methods. Owing to its advantages of safety, high efficiency, economy, and environmental friendliness, backfill mining has become an inevitable choice for green mining. This study focuses on the two-step stope post-backfill method, where the stability of the backfill-encased-rock (BR) composite structure—formed by backfill wrapping rock—plays a crucial role in overall stope stability.Taking the BR composite structure as the research object, with single rock and backfill as controls, this study conducted triaxial compression tests combined with acoustic emission (AE), computed tomography (CT) technology, and theoretical analysis. It revealed the stage characteristics of the stress-strain curve during BR’s deformation and failure, as well as the energy evolution and crack propagation laws in each compression stage. The results indicate that BR’s stress-strain curve undergoes six stages, while its AE evolution is divided into five stages. As confining pressure increases, BR’s peak strength rises and energy release shows regular changes; CT scanning clearly presents its porosity variation and crack propagation rules.This study clarifies BR’s failure law under high stress: its peak strength is 20%–30% lower than pure rock, and residual strength is 65%–80% higher than pure backfill. These findings reflect the synergistic mechanical effect between backfill and rock under triaxial compression, and provide important guidance for stope structure stability research in practical mining engineering.
Metal‐Free Sulfur‐Dots Induced Spatiotemporal PhotoRDRP for Multi‐Arm Star Functional Polymer
Abstract Sulfur‐dots (S‐dots) serve as a cost‐effective and non‐toxic alternative to traditional photocatalysts or transition metals typically required in photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP). Herein, we report a facile and efficient method for synthesizing well‐defined multi‐arm star polymers through S‐dots mediated photoRDRP under ambient conditions. This approach enables precise control over polymer growth with excellent spatiotemporal control over polymerization, as evidenced by the ability to pause and resume polymerization with UVA light (“ON/OFF” switching). This methodology was successfully applied to produce a variety of polymer architectures, including multi‐arm star homopolymers and dual‐responsive diblock and triblock copolymers. Among these, the synthesized 4‐arm star [poly(N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide)‐ block ‐poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate)‐ block ‐poly(butyl acrylate)] 4 ‐Br [4‐arm star (PDMA‐ b ‐PDMAEMA‐ b ‐PBA) 4 ‐Br] triblock copolymer was used to assess pH and temperature responsiveness. This work introduces a sustainable, metal‐free route for the development of next‐generation smart polymers suitable for biomedical and environmental applications and highlights the versatility of S‐dots as a catalyst.