Browse Articles

miR-193a-5p–mediated Inhibition of the METTL1/COX-2 axis is critical for Astragalin-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer

Nano-functionalized probiotic treats atherosclerosis via inhibiting intestinal microbiota-TMA-TMAO axis

Co-sputtered CuNi heteroatomic electrocatalyst for enhanced 5-hydroxymethylfurfural selective electrochemical conversion

A novel long-galanin peptide from non-mammalian vertebrates mitigates the inflammatory response in IBD models via the biased GALR2/β-arrestin2 pathway

Racial disparities in in-hospital outcomes and costs among U.S. patients on peritoneal dialysis: a 15-year national cohort study

SARS-CoV-2 within-host population expansion, diversification and adaptation in zoo tigers, lions and hyenas

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 rapidly adapts to new hosts following cross-species transmission; this is highly relevant as unique within-host variants have emerged following infection of susceptible wild and domestic animal species. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animals (e.g., white-tailed deer, mink, domestic cats, and others) back to humans has been observed, documenting the potential of animal-derived variants to infect humans. Here, we investigate SARS-CoV-2 evolution and host-specific adaptation during an outbreak in Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ), African lions ( Panthera leo ), and spotted hyenas ( Crocuta crocuta ) at Denver Zoo in 2021. SARS-CoV-2 genomes from longitudinal samples from 16 individuals are evaluated for within-host variation and genomic signatures of selection, and we determine that the outbreak was likely initiated by a single spillover of a rare Delta sublineage. Within-host virus populations rapidly expand and diversify, and we detect signatures of purifying and positive selection, including strong positive selection in hyenas and in the nucleocapsid ( N ) gene in all animals. Four candidate species-specific adaptive mutations are identified: N A254V in lions and hyenas, and ORF1a E1724D, spike T274I, and N P326L in hyenas. These results reveal accelerated SARS-CoV-2 adaptation following host shifts in three non-domestic species in daily contact with humans.

Hybrid Fennec Fox–Sand Cat optimized cascaded ANFIS MPPT for enhanced control of DFIG-based WECS with grid support

FastCCC: a permutation-free framework for scalable, robust, and reference-based cell-cell communication analysis in single cell transcriptomics studies

Obesity concurrent with gestational diabetes mellitus dysregulates mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts in human placenta

Sequential Organic Ligand Modifications to Dedicatedly Restructure Grain Boundary and Surface of Perovskites

Neonicotinoid-induced signature dysbiosis identified via metagenomic sequencing of the honey bee gut microbiome

Abstract The Western honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) plays an essential role in agriculture around the world. In Canada, honey bees contribute up to $7 billion in economic value annually by pollinating crops and producing honey. However, since 2006–2007 North American beekeepers have lost more than a quarter of their colonies each winter. In recent years, the losses have been up to 50% in some regions. The causes of losses are complex, including the interacting effects of nutrition, pathogens, and pesticides. Although the bee gut microbiome plays a crucial role in colony health and disease, studies on the effects of agricultural pesticides on the bee microbial community are sparse. We report the use of shotgun metagenomic sequencing to investigate bee gut microbiota changes, or dysbiosis, in response to two neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin and thiamethoxam. Common dysbiosis signatures included an increase in Bifidobacterium spp. after chronic sublethal exposure and an increase in Apibacter adventoris after short-term acute exposure. Other dysbiosis signatures were unique to each compound, such as an increase in Snodgrassella alvi for clothianidin and a decrease in Lactobacillus spp. for thiamethoxam. These findings enhance our understanding of how the honey bee gut microbiome responds to stressors and highlight identifiable microbial profile signatures which underscores the potential utility of gut microbiome profiling as a bee health diagnostic tool. Access to timely and accurate bee health diagnosis will inform regulatory actions to decrease and mitigate exposure to stressors and will facilitate managing and improving bee health.

HIV-induced sialoglycans on infected CD4+ T cells promote immune evasion from myeloid cell-mediated killing

Bistability and hysteresis in the proximity-based grouping of dot lattices

Beyond phase boundaries: atomic mechanisms governing structure and property variations in (K, Na)NbO3-based ferroelectrics

Effect of inoculation dose on infection kinetics and immune responses to Giardia

Semi-inductive dataset construction and framework optimization for practical drug target interaction prediction with ScopeDTI

Optimization of Co60 gamma radiation dose for applying sterile insect technique and inherited sterility on Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Iran

Automation and machine learning drive rapid optimization of isoprenol production in Pseudomonas putida

Intestinal parasitic infections among school children in Shendi, Sudan (2021–2024): prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic comparison

Structural basis of double-stranded RNA recognition by the J2 monoclonal antibody

Abstract Double-stranded (ds) RNAs are major structural components of the transcriptome, hallmarks of viral infection, and primary triggers of innate immune responses. The J2 monoclonal antibody is the gold-standard method to discover and map endogenous dsRNAs across subcellular locations and cell surfaces, detect exogenous RNAs in viral infection, and surveil mRNA prophylactics and therapeutics for inflammatory dsRNAs. To define its epitope, specificity, and mechanism, we determine a 2.85 Å co-crystal structure of J2 antigen-binding fragment (Fab) bound to dsRNA. J2 uses its heavy and light chains in tandem to track the dsRNA minor groove, recognizing a staggered 8-bp duplex. J2 is highly selective for dsRNAs, requires 14 bp for robust binding, and exhibits greatly diminished binding for GC-rich dsRNAs. J2 and the R-loop-specific S9.6 antibody share a common recognition strategy distinct from intracellular dsRNA-binding proteins. This study provides mechanistic insights into dsRNA recognition and establishes a framework for reliable application and data interpretation of the J2 antibody in RNA discovery.