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Unlocking Multielectron Transfer in a Quinone–Pyrazine Conjoined Redox Core for Capacity-Doubled and Ultrastable Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Risk of emergency cesarean section when giving birth in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study comparing women born in countries practicing female genital mutilation, with Swedish-born women
Introduction The impact of female genital mutilation (FGM) on obstetric outcomes in high-income countries remains unclear and is an area of ongoing research. This nationwide study aimed to examine the risk of emergency cesarean section among primiparous women from countries where FGM is practiced, in comparison to Swedish-born women. Additionally, the study explored whether a confirmed diagnosis of FGM contributes to this potential risk. Materials and methods A Swedish nationwide cohort study including primiparous singleton term deliveries (≥37 + 0– < 42 + 0 weeks) during 2014–2020. Data was extracted from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the National Patient Register. We compared the risk of emergency cesarean section between women born in an FGM-practicing country and women born in Sweden by using multivariable logistic regression. Two subgroup analyses were performed. Results Women born in FGM-practicing countries (n = 13 246) had a significantly increased risk of emergency cesarean section (aOR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.21–1.35) compared to Swedish-born women (n = 199 914). Including FGM diagnosis as a covariate did not alter the result. When excluding women born in FGM-practicing countries outside Sub-Saharan Africa the aOR was amplified (aOR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.47–1.69). To further isolate the effect of FGM itself, we restricted the analysis to women born in FGM-practicing countries and compared those with a recorded FGM diagnosis to those without. This analysis showed no significant association between FGM diagnosis and emergency cesarean section (aOR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.90–1.23). Conclusions Primiparous women from FGM-practicing countries have an increased risk of emergency CS compared to Swedish-born women, when giving birth in Sweden. The presence of FGM diagnosis did not contribute to this risk. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms for this to be able to improve obstetric care for migrant populations.
Lead, Locked Away: Porous Zr–Phytate Coordination Polymers for Rapid and Selective Removal of Pb <sup>2+</sup> from Water
Retraction: Investigating the association between diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis approach
Tuning High-Density Polyethylene Microstructure and Properties from Known Distributions of Dynamic Bonds
Correction: Multi-task learning by using contextualized word representations for syntactic parsing of a morphologically rich language
Valorization of CO <sub>2</sub> and N <sub>2</sub> O Gas Enabled by a Single Multi-Photoinduced Electron Transfer Catalyst
Evaluation of the effects of lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion pulsed radiofrequency treatment applied via a caudally inserted flexible electrode in radicular pain due to lumbar foraminal stenosis
Background This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of unilateral lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment administered via a caudally inserted electrode to patients with unilateral lumbar radicular pain (LRP) due to foraminal stenosis. Methods The study cohort included 80 patients. Patients were evaluated using the numeric rating scale (NRS) and modified Oswestry disability index (MODI) at pre-, 3 weeks, and 6 months postprocedure. Patients were retrospectively divided into three groups based on their lumbar surgery history: those without a lumbar surgery history (group N), those who underwent discectomy surgery (group D), and those who underwent lumbar stabilization surgery (group S). Treatment success was defined as a ≥ 50% decrease in pain scores at 6 months. Results NRS and MODI scores were significantly decreased at all follow-ups ( P < 0.001). Treatment success (≥50% reduction in NRS scores) at 6-month follow-up was 53.6% in the cohort (group N, 75%; group D, 61.5%; group S, 30.8%; P = 0.004). In group N, decreased NRS and MODI scores were more significant than those with a history of surgery, with the procedure duration being shorter. Conclusions DRG PRF administered caudally is an effective, safe method in patients with refractory LRP due to foraminal stenosis. Specifically, it provides convenience on patients with instrumentation-related imaging difficulties or those with anatomic disorders such as lordosis, large osteophytes, and severe rotation. In addition, this treatment method can be preferred due to its advantages such as reaching multiple DRG levels with a single needle entry, applying PRF and direct drug injection to the epidural space.
Tailoring Function-Integrated Multinuclear Au–Ag Complex for Visible-Light Energy Transfer Catalysis
Expression of Concern: First identification of resident and circulating fibrocytes in Dupuytren’s disease shown to be inhibited by serum amyloid P and Xiapex
In-Cell Residue-Resolved NMR of Micromolar α-Synuclein and Tau at 310 K
Retraction: A novel image encryption scheme based on quantum dynamical spinning and rotations
Growing Sodiophilic ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Al Substrate for High-Energy-Density Anode-Free Na Batteries
Factors associated with violent offenders with mental illness in forensic psychiatric evaluations
Purpose The overall crime rate among individuals with severe mental illnesses is similar to that of the general population, although some studies suggest a higher risk of violent crime among this group. Empirical research on factors associated with violent crime among individuals with mental illnesses in East Asia remains limited. Methods This study examined 648 offenders referred for forensic psychiatric evaluation by the criminal justice system to explore the relationship between severe mental illness, substance-related and addictive disorders, and violent crime. Demographic, clinical, forensic, and both static and dynamic factors were analyzed using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. We also tested the moderating effects of gender, history of violent crime, poor treatment adherence, and comorbid substance-related and addictive disorders on the association between severe mental illness and violent crime. Results The results showed that violent offenders were more likely to be male and to have never undergone a psychiatric evaluation prior to the offense, compared to non-violent offenders. Severe mental illness, substance-related and addictive disorders, single status, unemployment, and poor treatment adherence were not significantly associated with violent crime. Furthermore, gender, poor treatment adherence, a history of violent crime, and comorbid substance-related and addictive disorders did not significantly moderate the relationship between severe mental illness and violent crime. Conclusion These findings emphasize that individuals with severe mental illness should not be automatically linked to violent offending. A comprehensive evaluation of offenders with severe mental illness is crucial, alongside a deeper understanding of their treatment and reintegration needs.
Unified Total Synthesis of Phrymarolin and Haedoxan Natural Products
The evaluation of indoxyl sulfate in the general population in Kanegasaki Iwate: A cross-sectional study (KANEGASAKI study)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly impacts global health. Renal function is evaluated using urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (U-Alb/Cr ratio) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, these parameters reflect the damage that has already occurred, limiting their utility for early detection. Therefore, novel biomarkers that can detect CKD before functional decline are urgently needed. Kidney fibrosis is an important pathologic feature of CKD and precedes functional impairment, highlighting its potential as an early indicator of CKD. Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a gut-derived uremic toxin, promotes kidney fibrosis and accelerates CKD progression, highlighting its strong potential as a biomarker for early CKD detection. As most studies on IS focused on the state of impaired renal function, the trend of IS in early-stage or preclinical CKD is unclear. Furthermore, quantifying IS in clinical practice is problematic because it’s primarily measured through high-performance liquid chromatography. A recently developed enzyme method has simplified large-scale IS measurement. Identifying the associated factor with IS, we measured serum IS using enzyme method. We analyzed 674 participants who received specific health checkups and had an eGFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (non-CKD) after obtaining their consent. In addition to standard examinations, we measured serum IS and administered a questionnaire about the frequency of defecating conditions. In this study, we investigated the level of the serum IS in association with the background characteristics of non-CKD participants. For the first time in this study, the median serum IS level was 3.7 (interquartile range, 2.7–5.0) µmol/L in individuals with non-CKD participants, and the linear regression analysis revealed that serum IS was significantly correlated with age, eGFR, and constipation. These findings suggest that IS accumulation begins before overt renal dysfunction, supporting its potential as an early biomarker for CKD. Although further longitudinal studies are warranted, our results highlight the clinical relevance of IS in the early detection and intervention of CKD.