Browse Articles

Isolation and quantification of polyphenolics, exploration of antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and wound healing activities of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth

Abstract Pithecellobium dulce represent a valuable source of biologically active phytoconstituents. This study aimed to screen the methanolic extract for its different phytochemical classes, isolate the active principles from the ethyl acetate fraction, and conduct phenolic profiling using the HPLC-DAD technique. Additionally, the antioxidant, wound-healing, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. The molecular modelling (docking) studies are performed for the investigation of cervical and breast cancer cytotoxic activities for some isolated compounds. The extract phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, terpenes, sterols, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, and reducing sugars. Kaempferol-3- O -rhamnoside (Afzelin) (1) , fisetin 3- O -rhamnoside (2) , and alangilignoside D (3) were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction using LC-MS, 1 H and 13 C NMR analysis. The methanolic extract showed total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids of 51.44 mg GAE/g extract, 49.48 mg RE/g extract, 145.5 mg CE/g extract, and 18.62%, respectively. HPLC-DAD analysis enabled identifying and quantifying 13 phenolic acids and 7 flavonoids. The extract’s antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ORAC assays, revealing an IC 50 of 239.5 ± 8.42 µg/ml and 575.94 ± 11.30 µM TE, respectively. The extract achieved a wound closure % of 78.78 after 72 h. The cytotoxic activity was assessed against 4 cancer lines using the MTT assay, which revealed significant cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cell line, using cisplatin as a reference drug. The present investigation dealt with molecular modelling (docking) of the potent compounds showing their anticancer activities targeting cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line and breast cancer cell line MCF-7 for BCL-2 XL and EGFR. Consequently, P. dulce can be considered an effective natural antioxidant and cytotoxic agent.

Multi-feature enhancement fusion network for remote sensing image semantic segmentation

Analysis of sustainability differences among various shrimp farming models: a systematic review and meta analysis

Association between triglyceride–glucose index and long-term frailty progression and transition in Chinese adults

Automated segmentation of COVID-19 lesions in CT scans using attention U-net with hybrid loss functions

B7-H3 and GD2 overexpression as immunotherapeutic targets in retinoblastoma

Human health implications of metal pollution in the Betwa-Yamuna river system, India: evidence from Monte Carlo risk modelling

Multimodal skin care system using combined image and impedance-based diagnostics

Numerical prediction of cavitation performance of a prototype pump as turbine based on CFD

Drought tolerance mechanisms across C3 and C3–C4 intermediate photosynthetic types revealed by physiological and gene expression profiling

Abstract Abiotic stress, particularly drought, significantly reduces crop yields and threatens global agricultural sustainability. This study investigated drought and recovery responses in four plant species with contrasting photosynthetic types:  Triticum aestivum  (C3),  Helianthus annuus  (C3),  Chenopodium album  (intermediate-C4), and  Alternanthera brasiliana  (C4-like). Drought markedly reduced plant fresh biomass (up to 80% in  H. annuus ) and relative water content, particularly in  C. album . Oxidative damage intensified, with  H. annuus  showing the greatest increase in hydrogen peroxide (258%) and  C. album  exhibiting the highest malondialdehyde accumulation (284%). Antioxidant enzymes were strongly activated; catalase activity increased dramatically in  C. album  (837%) and  H. annuus  (630%). Proline levels increased sharply, particularly in  T. aestivum  and  C. album , indicating enhanced osmotic adjustment. Carotenoid content also rose significantly in  H. annuus  (141%), suggesting photoprotective adaptation. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of  TaP5CS  in  T. aestivum , correlating with proline accumulation, and  CaHSP26  in  C. album , potentially stabilizing photosystem II. Principal component analysis identified catalase activity, root-to-shoot ratio, hydrogen peroxide, and proline as major contributors to drought response variance. These findings highlight species-specific strategies for drought tolerance and recovery, with C3 species showing strong enzymatic and osmotic adjustments, and intermediate-C4 and C4-like species exhibiting greater tissue integrity and ROS balance. This comparative framework provides valuable insights for developing drought-resilient crops.

A pilot human-based study of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in staging liver fibrosis and preliminary comparison to FIB-4 and fibroscan

Mitochondrial proteomics reveals reductive metabolism dependent on glutamine in fibroblasts of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis under hypoxia

Impact of meningioma and glioma on whole-brain dynamics

Abstract Brain tumors, particularly meningiomas and gliomas, can profoundly affect neural function, yet their impact on brain dynamics remains incompletely understood. This study investigates alterations in normal brain function among meningioma and glioma patients by assessing dynamical complexity through the Intrinsic Ignition Framework. We analyzed resting-state fMRI data from 34 participants to quantify brain dynamics using intrinsic ignition and metastability metrics. Our results revealed distinct patterns of disruption: glioma patients showed significant reductions in both metrics compared to controls, indicating widespread network disturbances. In contrast, meningioma patients exhibited significant changes predominantly in regions with substantial tumor involvement. Resting-state network analysis demonstrated strong metastability and metastability/ignition correlations between regions in controls, which were slightly weakened in meningioma patients and severely disrupted in glioma patients. These findings highlight the differential impacts of gliomas and meningiomas on brain function, offering insights into their distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Furthermore, these results show that brain dynamics metrics can be effective biomarkers for identifying disruptions in brain information transmission caused by tumors.

Pulmonary vein isolation with a pulsed field system leads to lower levels of miR-23a-3p in the left atrial blood compared to a cryoballoon

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmic disease in humans, with its incidence rising over the past decade. Novel treatment options for AF include pulsed field ablation (PFA) of the pulmonary veins through electroporation. While this technique is thought to be less damaging to surrounding tissue, the acute effects of PFA on the atrium are only incompletely understood. An analysis of circulating microRNAs (miRs) potentially released by local tissue damage due to PFA, in comparison to other standard ablation procedures, has not yet been performed. Small RNA sequencing analysis was performed on left atrial blood samples from four patients after PFA and five patients after cryoballoon ablation (CBA). In this pilot analysis, 154 miRs were stably detected across all samples. The expression of the two miRs with the lowest p-values was validated in 20 PFA cases versus 25 CBA cases via real-time PCR. We found hsa-miR-23a-3p to be significantly less abundant in plasma in the left atrium after PFA compared to CBA. The circulating miR signature in the left atrium is differentially affected by PFA compared to CBA. This finding potentially influences the use of miRs as biomarkers for prediction of outcomes after ablation.

Physical exercise promotes prosocial behavior in college students through a chain mediation of peer relationships and positive empathy

Artificial neural network as a strategy to predict rheological properties in emulgel formulations

Sarcopenia, myosteatosis and systemic immunoinflammatory index in the prediction of survival in patients undergoing immunotherapy for esophageal cancer

A physics-driven workflow for gas-sand identification in Pliocene turbidites using pre-stack inversion and seismic attributes, offshore Egypt

Abstract This study presents a physics-driven workflow that integrates pre-stack simultaneous inversion of P-impedance, S-impedance, and density with multi-attribute analysis and geo-body extraction to resolve thin, isolated gas-sand channels in the compartmentalized Pliocene turbidite system of the Sapphire Field, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt. Unlike conventional post-stack inversion or AI-based bright-spot detection, our approach leverages rock-physics-guided cross-plotting (V p /V s vs. P-impedance), validated by blind-well testing, to achieve robust lithology–fluid discrimination under sparse well control. Gas-sand facies are reliably identified by low P-impedance (< 18 (m/s)·(g/cm 3 )) and Vp/Vs ratios (< 1.65), while gradient magnitude and variance attributes delineate channel edges and fault-related compartmentalization with high fidelity. Critically, the workflow overcomes thin-bed resolution limitations through elastic trend analysis rather than absolute layer thickness, offering a transferable methodology for similar clastic deepwater plays worldwide. However, uncertainties persist in ultra-thin beds (< 9 m) due to seismic bandwidth constraints (~ 10–60 Hz), and inversion reliability depends on accurate low-frequency modeling and angle-stack quality. By bridging first-principles rock physics with high-resolution seismic attributes, this study advances quantitative interpretation and delivers actionable insights for exploration risk reduction and optimal well placement

Lunar and seasonal patterns of a longnose emperor spawning aggregation in Palau

Structure and physical property correlation in magnesium doped LaFeO3 nano perovskites synthesized by the green method

Abstract In this work, La 1 − x MgₓFeO₃ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) perovskite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a green synthesis route assisted by Moringa oleifera leaf extract. The influence of Mg²⁺ substitution on the structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties of LaFeO₃ was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement revealed a clear phase transition from cubic (Pm-3 m) to orthorhombic (Pnma) symmetry at x ≥ 0.17. Low Mg doping (x = 0.05, 0.10) induced a slight lattice expansion due to oxygen vacancy formation and Fe³⁺ → Fe²⁺ reduction, while higher doping levels led to lattice contraction from ionic size mismatch and structural distortion. Dielectric measurements demonstrated a significant enhancement in dielectric constant and suppression of dielectric loss up to x = 0.15, attributed to improved interfacial polarization and defect-induced conduction. Magnetic analysis via Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and electron spin resonance (ESR) confirmed a transition from weak ferromagnetic to strong ferromagnetic behavior with increased Mg content, peaking at x = 0.17 due to enhanced Fe³⁺/Fe⁴⁺ exchange interactions and surface spin effects. These findings highlight the potential of Mg-doped LaFeO₃ nanoparticles for multifunctional applications in energy storage, sensing, and spintronic devices, while emphasizing the environmental and economic advantages of green synthesis approaches.