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Vicinal Dicarbonyl Reprogramming via Molybdenum-Catalyzed Formal C(O)–C(O) Bond Cleavage
Different Reliance on Sensory Reinstatement and Internally Transformed Representations during Vivid Retrieval of Visual and Auditory Episodes
Episodic memory retrieval engages both sensory reinstatement and internally transformed representations. Due to modality-specific processing, auditory and visual memories may differ in their reliance on these mechanisms. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivoxel pattern analyses to examine how 25 participants (12 males and 13 females) encoded and retrieved naturalistic sounds and videos. Both auditory and visual targets reinstated event-specific fine activation patterns in the association cortex during retrieval, and reinstatement strength correlated with subjective memory vividness. However, after removing encoding traces, auditory episodes showed a markedly larger reliance on internally transformed traces than visual episodes, quantified by “reinstatement-free” retrieval–retrieval similarity. Sensory reinstatement correlated more with the (detail-related) posterior hippocampus, while internal representations also correlated with the (gist-related) anterior hippocampus. Furthermore, temporal voice areas preserved gist-level (human vs nonhuman) information from encoding to retrieval, whereas fusiform face representations degraded. These findings reveal that auditory and visual memories share a common sensory reinstatement mechanism but differ in the neural mechanism that supports retrieval, with participants favoring gist over perceptual details during auditory memory retrieval.
C6-ROMP Enabled by Structure-Guided Monomer Design for Chemically Recyclable Polymers
Significant stability enhancement in photocatalytic CO2 reduction via flow-driven strategies
Abstract Achieving long-term stability remains a major challenge in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Unlike natural photosynthesis, most artificial systems exhibit severe activity losses within hours due to catalyst deactivation and surface degradation. This study investigates the effect of continuous CO 2 and H 2 O flow during the photocatalytic process. Under optimized flow conditions, widely used photocatalysts such as TiO 2 , ZnO, CdS, and C 3 N 4 show up to 50-fold improvement in operational stability, with TiO 2 retaining 80% of its initial activity over 15 days. CO 2 flow plays a more dominant role than H 2 O flow, mitigating product accumulation and preventing catalyst deactivation. Surface and structural analyses reveal that systems without flows suffer from product and intermediate accumulation, while flow-enabled systems maintain clean catalytic surfaces. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms the suppression of structural degradation under flow. Here, we establish flow control as a design principle for durable photocatalytic CO 2 reduction, providing a pathway for scalable solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
Ultrathin Quarter-Waveplates Based on Two-Dimensional Anisotropic NbOCl2
Helicity-selective and spectrally tunable chiral thermal emissions
Biomimetic hairy affective-touch sensory AI interface
Microbial growth rates captured using Raman-SIP reveal a highly active subsurface biosphere fueled by serpentinization
Zero-shot English–Assamese neural machine translation via pivot-based cross-lingual embedding alignment and transfer learning
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Hirschmanniella paramucronata n. sp. associated with rice from India
Disease-derived liver organoids as a preclinical screening platform identify Sargassum japonica as an anti-fibrotic candidate
Synergistic adsorption of NH3 and H2S over layered hydrochar-derived pyrochars: mechanistic divergence and cooperative acid-base activation
Genetic variants and serum biomarkers of CXCL8, MAP3K7, LTA/TNF, EXOC3L1, PROCR, and TRAF2 in Age-Related macular degeneration: associations with disease risk and therapeutic response
Abstract Since age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in the aging population, it is a significant global health concern. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments are effective, not all patients respond to them fully. This study focuses on key single-nucleotide variants in the CXCL8 (rs2227306), MAP3K7 (rs157432), LTA/TNF (rs2229094), EXOC3L1 (rs868213), PROCR (rs867186), TRAF2 (rs10781522), and serum levels of these genes in AMD development and treatment response. It examines the genetic factors associated with susceptibility to AMD and how they influence response to therapy. The study investigates the relationships between specific genetic variations, serum protein levels, and both exudative and early AMD, as well as responses to anti-VEGF treatment. These findings may help guide risk assessment and personalized AMD therapies.
Functional and structural connectome-based predictive modelling of balance in elderly adults
Abstract Balance control is fundamental to the quality of life among older adults, yet its neural underpinnings remain only partially understood. Despite advances in neuroimaging techniques, the neural correlates of balance are often examined at a regional level and typically restricted to either the functional or structural connectome alone. In this study, we employed connectome-based predictive modelling (CPM) for a large-scale discovery of brain connections predictive of individual balance abilities using both structural and functional connectomes in a cohort of 54 older adults. The test–retest reliability and specificity of the constructed models was evaluated using repeated-measurement data and strength performance data. Our results show that both structural and functional connectomes can successfully predict balance performance on an unstable device measured using mean sway area. A comprehensive system, encompassing motor-subcortical connections, medial-frontal and fronto-parietal networks emerged from both connectome types as consistent predictors of balance. Notably, connections with visual networks uniquely contributed to prediction in the structural but not in the functional connectomes. Structural connectomes also showed better prediction performance and test–retest reliability compared to functional connectomes. The specificity of constructed models was validated using strength performance data. In summary, our study shows that structural and functional connectomes are strong predictors of motor control abilities in challenging conditions in the elderly highlighting their interdependency and complementary roles in balance control.
Physical simulation test of true triaxial rock mechanics for waterflood dilation in offshore oilfields
CRLF1 Secreted by Cardiac Fibroblasts Promotes Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common inherited cardiac disorder and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults, exhibits substantial genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Although sarcomere gene sequence variations account for a major proportion of HCM cases, nearly half of patients lack identifiable genetic defects, implying the involvement of undiscovered mechanisms that may converge on a common pathogenic pathway. However, a unified molecular basis underlying HCM pathogenesis remains undefined. METHODS: We conducted an integrated analysis of hypertrophied interventricular septum tissues from 269 patients with obstructive HCM undergoing surgical myectomy. Targeted sarcomere gene screening, bulk RNA sequencing, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis were used to identify candidate drivers of disease. Cross-species validation was performed using a Myh 6 R404Q/+ mouse model. Single-cell RNA sequencing delineated the cellular source of key factors, and biochemical assays and gain- and loss-of-function studies were used to assess their functional relevance. CRLF1 (cytokine receptor-like factor 1) emerged as a candidate mediator and was further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: CRLF1, predominantly secreted by activated cardiac fibroblasts, emerged as a key paracrine factor driving cardiomyocyte hypertrophy across patients with genetically heterogeneous HCM. CRLF1 levels were significantly elevated in hypertrophied myocardium and circulation. CRLF1 activated the LIFR (leukemia inhibitory factor receptor)–JAK1/2 (Janus kinase)–STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling cascade to promote hypertrophy in both murine and human HCM models. Genetic ablation of Crlf1 in fibroblasts or pharmacological inhibition of its downstream pathway markedly attenuated disease phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings uncover a common, nongenetic paracrine mechanism underlying HCM pathogenesis and establish CRLF1 as a promising universal therapeutic target for this heterogeneous disease.