Browse Articles

Using generative AI for the objective assessment of language in healthcare

Redox investigation of L-A9 peptide and evaluation of its binding with double stranded DNA

Cognitively engaging running enhances inhibitory control and prefrontal activation in children with ADHD: the moderating role of physical self-efficacy

Dermoscopically informed deep learning model for classification of actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Middle Pleistocene tectonic events around the SE Aegean Sea: Insights from magnetostratigraphy, (U–Th)/He zircon dating, and fault kinematics in the Datça Graben (SW Türkiye)

Research and operational challenges of electric vehicles gear oils

Controlled electrodeposition of tungsten oxide nanoparticles on MXene nanosheets-framework for ultrasensitive light enhanced detection of dopamine

Age-Related Survival Disparities in Advanced Renal Carcinoma in the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Era using the SEER Database and Meta-analysis

Abstract Immunosenescence, the gradual deterioration of the immune system with age, reduces the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer management. Although ICI offer promising survival benefits for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), their effectiveness across different age groups remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate age-related survival outcomes in aRCC patients receiving ICI using integrated cohorts. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (2004–2021), we identified patients with aRCC across the pre-ICI and ICI eras and stratified them into younger (<65 years) and older ( $$\ge$$ 65 years) groups. Survival analyses, including Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models, were performed to assess overall survival (OS). Key prognostic factors, such as tumor grade, surgical intervention, and metastatic status, were analyzed using nomograms and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for predictive accuracy. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus also identified ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the meta-analysis criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to evaluate age-stratified survival outcomes. Finally, laboratory-based immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of TNFSF15, an immune-related biomarker, was performed to explore molecular age-related differences in a hospital cohort. The SEER cohort included 21,904 patients (11,814 in the pre-ICI era and 10,090 in the ICI era). Age showed no significant impact on survival in the pre-ICI era (HR 1.050; 95% CI 0.97–1.32; p=0.203), while younger patients demonstrated superior outcomes in the ICI era (median OS, 16 vs. 13 months; HR, 1.37; 95% CI 1.24–1.51; p = 0.0001). Meta-analysis of 8,434 patients (4,207 ICI group, 4,227 control group) revealed significantly improved survival in younger patients receiving ICI (pooled OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64–0.89; p<0.0001), whereas the non-ICI cohort showed no significant age-dependent effects (pooled OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.79–1.09; p = 0.37).When comparing ICI versus control treatments, younger patients derived greater benefit (HR 0.69 [0.62, 0.77]) than older patients (HR 0.84 [0.74, 0.96]) p<0.0001). TNFSF15 expression demonstrated a significant negative correlation with age (Spearman correlation = − 0.6, p = 0.0001), with significantly higher expression in patients aged <65 years to those $$\ge$$ 65 years (p=0.0001). This comprehensive analysis demonstrates the superior efficacy of ICI in younger aRCC patients across multiple cohorts, supporting the development of age-stratified therapeutic approaches. Age-dependent expression of TNFSF15 suggests potential molecular mechanisms underlying differential treatment responses.

Optogenetic Cancer Therapy Using the Light-Driven Outward Proton Pump Rhodopsin Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3)

Removal of 2,4 di-nitrophenol by using modified spinel aluminate/chitosan nanoparticles composites

Abstract Recycling waste material into new products considered as a critical issue as it is cost-effective, and eco-friendly process. The basic material employed here for the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) from the waste shrimp shells. Magnesium aluminates spinel (MAS) transparent ceramics doped with Ni 2+ and Tb 3+ ions synthesized through Sol-gel auto-combustion process is added. Mixing MAS and CS-NPs in varying ratios MAS/CS-NPs (1:9, 3:7, and 5:5), and then characterizing the resulting powder using X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy and BET surface area. The analysis reveals that the synthesized materials have high crystallinity with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm and mesoporous character with large surface area. Batch adsorption experimental technique was used to assess the adsorption capacity of the MAS/CS-NPs nanoparticles to adsorb 2,4- Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). At room temperature, variables such as contact time, pH, agitation rate, and MAS/CS-NP dose were taken into account. A clearance rate of about 91.3% was shown by the data at pH = 4, Nps dose = 0.03 g/L, and 200 rpm for 45 min. Moreover, it was established that the material could be used for three cycles with an 85% clearance rate. Analysis of the isotherms and kinetics revealed that the adsorption process entails a physical interaction consistent with the Temkin isotherm and conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetics, with diffusion boundary layer the rate-limiting phase.

Thermal cracking for upgrading medium-low maturity shale oil: evolution of organic matter occurrence

Dynamic graph learning framework based seasonal and trend decomposition approach for potato crop evapotranspiration prediction

Decomposition prediction and optimal ensemble strategy improve river dissolved oxygen prediction accuracy

The association between subjective well-being and physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity: a longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative survey

Novel representation of complexity of investment casting using injective coloring and graph adaptive consensus mechanism

A comparative study of the 30-item ProQOL 5, 12-item brief ProQOL-12, and 9-item short ProQOL scales in Slovak helping professionals

Serum proteomic profiling reveals immune and inflammatory mechanisms driving susceptibility to buffalo fly-induced skin lesions in cattle

DifuzCam replacing camera lens with a mask and a diffusion model for generative AI based flat camera design

Quantitative-genetic analysis of directional adaptation suggests low maximum sustainable rates of change in agreement with data from field populations

Abstract What rates of directional change are species likely to be capable of sustaining indefinitely such as in response to a warming climate? We derive estimates of the maximum rates of phenotypic change that populations can sustain in response to a directionally changing environment, using a quantitative genetics simulation model whose parameters are calibrated with data from natural populations. Sustainable directional change is largely limited to $$\le$$ 2–4% of a trait standard deviation per generation, in agreement with an estimate derived from quantitative-genetic theory and with published field studies. Data from thirty-seven longitudinal field-studies of species’ phenological responses to a warming climate yield rates of change that fall in the 68th–86th percentiles of our predictions for what populations can sustain, and there are suggestions that the rate of climate change may already have diminished their capacities to maintain these rates. Given the pace of climate change, species with generation times greater than four years may be especially at risk.

The diagnostic performance of ss-EPI-DWI, rs-EPI-DWI (RESOLVE) and TGSE-BLADE-DWI in a model of retinal ischemia: a comparative phantom study

Abstract This study systematically compared the performance of ss-EPI-DWI, rs-EPI-DWI (RESOLVE), and TGSE-BLADE-DWI for detecting small ischemic lesions (10 –2 mm) using a DWI phantom to gain insights for optimization of microstructural orbital MRI for retinal ischemia diagnosis. A DWI phantom simulating ischemic lesions embedded in healthy neuronal tissue was used to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the sequences at 3T. Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR), relative contrast (ReCon), geometric distortion rate (GDR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) accuracy were measured, with correlation analysis examining the effect of lesion size. Qualitative analysis was performed by two neuroradiologists evaluating the images in different criteria using a 5-point Likert scale. Among all sequences rs-EPI-DWI showed the most precise ADC ( p  < 0.001), highest CNR ( p  < 0.001) and relative contrast ( p  < 0.001) and non-inferiority to ss-EPI-DWI in SNR ( p  = 0.06). Both TGSE-BLADE-DWI and rs-EPI-DWI showed less GDR and susceptibility artifacts than ss-EPI-DWI qualitatively. All sequences depicted even the 2 mm lesion qualitatively; however, lesion size most strongly affected TGSE-BLADE-DWI quantitatively. Therefore, rs-EPI-DWI and TGSE-BLADE-DWI are promising alternatives to conventional ss-EPI-DWI for microstructural orbital MRI and may prove useful for clinical diagnosis of acute retinal ischemia due to high spatial resolution with reliable ADC acquisition, low geometric distortion and reduced susceptibility artifacts.