Browse Articles

Automatic 3D railroad alignment detection using modified Hough transform

Effortless facial expression recognition without motor simulation

Beyond colonoscopy, faecal DNA mutation screening provides a potential and viable path to early colorectal cancer detection

Origin and evolution of fluids and heatflow in geothermal systems of Indus River Basin (IRB), India

A digital twin approach for sustainable construction: predictive optimization of concrete strength using industry 4.0 principles

Bridging classical and neural methods for improved segmentation in mathematical text based images

Impact of cilia length and variable fluid properties on electroosmotic nanofluid flow in an inclined converging microchannel

Abstract This study presents a mathematical model for the transport of non-Newtonian nanofluids in an inclined ciliated converging microchannel. The analysis focuses on the combined effects of cilia length variation, electroosmotic effect, and temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. The governing equations were derived using the Debye–Hückel approximation along with lubrication theory. These equations were then solved semi-analytically using the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) in MATHEMATICA. The resulting solutions were visualized by plotting graphs in MATLAB. The results indicate that increased cilia length leads to a reduction in axial velocity but lowers the external pressure required to maintain flow, allowing for precise adjustments to transport dynamics. Variable viscosity and thermal conductivity improve flow and heat transfer under mild obstruction. The applied electric field accelerates the fluid by offsetting the drag caused by cilia, thereby enhancing overall transport efficiency. These findings illustrate the capability of cilia to serve as moderators of flow and transport in applications like targeted drug delivery, lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, microscale heat exchangers, and bio-inspired pumping systems.

Patient satisfaction and disease-related knowledge in otorhinolaryngology outpatient care in Saudi Arabia

A human iPSC-based neural spheroid platform for modelling glioblastoma infiltration using high-content imaging

Abstract Glioblastoma is the most aggressive adult brain tumour, characterised by resistance to therapy and high recurrence due to diffuse infiltration. We developed a physiologically relevant co-culture model, combining patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines with cortical-like neural spheroids differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Using high-content imaging, we demonstrate that GBM20 and GBM1 cell lines migrate directionally along axons toward neural spheroids in live imaging assays and infiltrate spheroids extensively in endpoint assays, unlike non-cancerous neural stem cells. A proof-of-principle drug screen identified PF 573228 (FAK inhibitor) and motixafortide (CXCR4 inhibitor) as potent suppressors of GBM20 and GBM1 infiltration, respectively. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed gene expression profiles correlating with invasive behaviour and drug sensitivity. This platform offers a valuable model for studying glioblastoma infiltration along axons and provides proof-of-principle that migration can serve as a measurable and actionable phenotype to screen therapeutic vulnerabilities in glioblastoma.

Modelling and economic evaluation of a guar gum–enhanced electrocoagulation process optimized by BBD with sludge characterization for DB183 dye removal

A novel deep learning framework with temporal attention convolutional networks for intrusion detection in IoT and IIoT networks

Time-managed PAPR use enables a balanced approach to infection control and personal freedom

Abstract Full lockdowns during airborne-disease pandemics impose substantial socio-economic costs. To address this, to the best of the author’s knowledge, three prior contributions were made for the first time: (i) proposed a concept in which medical-grade Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) used by the general public can serve as an engineering alternative to lockdowns; (ii) disclosed a proof-of-concept PAPR with aerosol-blocking performance comparable to medical devices at a parts cost of USD 40; and (iii) demonstrated via mathematical modeling that if more than 55% of the population wears PAPRs continuously—or if everyone wears them intermittently to a moderate extent—the effective reproduction number R t can be reduced from 2.0 to 0.9. Building on these prior results, this study proposes and prototypes an IoT-based management framework—the PAPR Wearing-Status Networked Management System (PWS-NET)—that seeks to reconcile governmental infection control with individuals’ freedom to choose the time and place of non-wearing. The core metric is Saved Allowance Time (SAT), i.e., an accumulative daily allowance for mask-off periods. The prototype integrates three components: (a) real-time wearing detection for PAPRs using a differential-pressure sensor, (b) user-declared location via a smartphone application, and (c) a rule-based web server that updates SAT on a daily basis. Scenario tests that emulate realistic use conditions confirmed correct operation of SAT updates and violation judgments, as well as effective real-time visual feedback to users. Constructed entirely from off-the-shelf components, the prototype is intended as a starting point for large-scale field studies aimed at integrating SAT-based governance into public-health policy for future outbreaks.

Seasonal dynamics and species diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in malaria endemic districts of Southern Odisha India

Identifying the biomarkers associated with G protein-coupled receptors of parkinson’s disease

Multispectral optoelectronic sensor to detect peripheral blood pulsatile variations with equivalent performance in light, medium and dark skin tones

Fusion of EEG feature extraction and CNN-MSTA transformer emotion recognition classification model

E2F1-mediated PKMYT1 upregulation promotes prostate cancer progression by inhibiting the PPAR signaling pathway

Age-stratified analysis of therapeutic, immune, and glycosylation gene expression in colorectal cancer using machine learning

Choosing dialysis modality in patients aged 75 and above with end-stage kidney disease: a multicenter cohort study

Computational insights into a protease inhibitor from Streptomyces globosus VITSMAB-2 molecular docking and dynamics simulations against SARS-CoV-2 main protease

Abstract Viral proteases are critical components in the life cycles of many dangerous viruses, playing a direct role in facilitating viral replication. Targeting these enzymes through inhibition offers a promising strategy for advancing antiviral agents. This study explores the potential of pigmented actinomycetes from high-altitude terrestrial environments as sources of antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2, with a particular focus on identifying protease inhibitors. From this unique ecological niche, Streptomyces globosus VITSMAB2 was isolated and identified as a promising candidate due to its significant protease-inhibiting capabilities. Both qualitative and quantitative assays confirmed its strong inhibitory activity against key proteases, especially cysteine and serine proteases such as papain and trypsin. Protease inhibitory compounds were partially purified using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), and their identities were determined through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Among the identified compounds, phenyl carbamate was the most prevalent and emerged as the lead molecule as protease inhibitor. Molecular docking studies revealed that phenyl carbamate exhibited strong binding interactions with the main protease (M-pro) of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting its potential as an antiviral agent. Additionally, assessments of the compound’s drug-likeness and ADME/T (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profiles indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties, supporting its candidacy for therapeutic development. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the stability of the phenyl carbamate-M-protease complex, reinforcing the compound’s antiviral potential. Therefore, phenyl carbamate shows considerable promise as a lead antiviral compound and merits further validation through extensive in vitro and in vivo experimentation to fully assess its therapeutic efficacy.