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Impact of air pollution on mental health in bangladesh: a comparison between Dhaka and Rajshahi

Scientific Reports Md Abu Bakkar Siddik, Al Mahmud, Akher Ali et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-36158-1

Electrocoagulation-treated poultry wastewater sludge as a sustainable feed resource for black soldier fly larvae

Scientific Reports Nowrin Akter Shaika, Laura L. Ingwell, Birol Kayranli et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-37487-x

Identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analysis and real time PCR validation

Scientific Reports Rasoul Hossein Zadeh, Reza Hossein Zadeh, Maryam Hajimoradi et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-35971-y

Influence of calcination temperature on the properties and photocatalytic efficiencies of BiFe0.9Cu0.1O3 nanoparticles

Scientific Reports Shimaa R. Abdel-Kader, Ahmed M. El-Awad, M. A. Abdel Rahim Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-34901-8

Abstract BiFe₀.₉Cu₀.₁O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple solution combustion method, and the effect of calcination temperature (500–800 °C) on their properties and photocatalytic performance was systematically investigated. The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, BET surface area analysis, XPS, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, photoluminescence, and VSM. XRD analysis confirmed a primary rhombohedral BiFeO₃ phase alongside a secondary orthorhombic Bi₂Fe₄O₉ phase. The results revealed a complex interplay between calcination temperature and material properties: the crystallite size increased with temperature up to 700 °C, then decreased slightly. At the same time, the specific surface area was maximized at 500 °C. The optical band gap reached a minimum of 3.30 eV at 500 °C, then widened at higher temperatures. VSM measurements revealed ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, with the saturation magnetization peaking at 600 °C due to the suppression of the spin spiral structure and the presence of oxygen vacancies. The photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light was maximized at 500 °C, achieving 72.75% degradation efficiency after 160 min. This optimal performance is attributed to the synergistic combination of the highest specific surface area, a favorable band gap, and a high concentration of defect sites that suppress charge carrier recombination. The optimal sample demonstrated good stability and reusability over five cycles. Scavenger tests indicated that the hydroxyl radicals (HO • ) were the primary reactive species. The results confirm that solution combustion is an effective route for producing Cu-doped BFO nanoparticles, with the calcination temperature being a critical parameter for optimizing their photocatalytic performance.

Risk sensitive twin distributional critics with a lambda lower confidence bound for continuous control reinforcement learning

Scientific Reports Onur Osman, Bahar Yalcin Kavus, Tolga Kudret Karaca et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-37910-3

Evaluating a ballistocardiography derived respiratory rate algorithm through comprehensive clinical validation across multiple settings

Scientific Reports Kumar Chokalingam, Muthukumarasamy Saravanan, Ashish Kaushal et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-33325-8

Exploring the factors associated with health literacy among adolescents in Hong Kong

Scientific Reports Claire Chenwen Zhong, Mingtao Chen, Zehuan Yang et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-28900-y

Abstract Health literacy is crucial for promoting healthy behaviors and is linked to improved health outcomes among adolescents, yet global levels remain suboptimal. In Hong Kong, where rising rates of obesity and related health issues among adolescents are of increasing concern, understanding health literacy in this population is essential. However, current interventions of health literacy face challenges in effectively addressing the differences between the target groups. Therefore, this study aims to investigate factors associated with health literacy among adolescents in Hong Kong, to provide evidence for identifying groups for intervention implementation. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Hong Kong. Secondary school students from grades 1 to 4 in Hong Kong were recruited to complete a 98-item survey measuring socio-demographic information, socioeconomic status (SES), health behaviors, mental toughness, and health literacy. Group differences were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models examined factors associated with adolescent health literacy. A total of 1423 adolescents were included in this study. The mean health literacy score was 57.24 (SD = 17.04) in the adolescents. Multivariable regression showed that aged over 14 years (β = 3.79), medium SES (β = 2.91), high SES (β = 4.80), adequate vegetable intake (β = 0.041), adequate fruit intake (β = 3.13), and mental toughness (β = 10.69) were positively related to overall health literacy. Smoking (β = − 7.38), alcohol drinking (β = − 4.03), excessive electronic game screen time (β = − 2.06), and male gender (β = − 3.86) were negatively associated with overall health literacy. Mental toughness (β = 4.27–12.43) showed a strong positive association across all health literacy sub-domains. This study identified high-risk groups with regard to health literacy among adolescents, including younger individuals, males, those with lower socioeconomic status, poor dietary habits, lower levels of mental toughness, and those engaging in risky behaviors. Future policies and interventions should specifically target these groups to optimize the effectiveness of subsequent initiatives.

Computational intelligence applications in predicting energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and drying performance of hybrid infrared dryer

Scientific Reports Hany S. El-Mesery, Ahmed H. ElMesiry, Mansuur Husein et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-35355-2

A genome-structure adaptive framework for ROH-based inbreeding estimation in Penaeus vannamei

Scientific Reports Xiang Zou, Hao Zhou, Mianyu Liu et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-37622-8

Research on the optimization efficiency of secondary vibrating screening based on EDEM simulation

Scientific Reports Changjiang Zhu, Haijian Long, Zhihai Peng et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-37230-6

Effects of alkali contamination on mechanical properties and microstructure of red clay

Scientific Reports Lianrui Wang, Jun Chen, Dongdong Liu et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-37873-5

Abstract Alkaline environments significantly affect the engineering properties of red clay. Although the effects of alkali contamination on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of cohesive soils have been extensively studied, systematic research focusing on red clay remains limited. This study employed NaOH solution to simulate alkali contamination of red clay. By utilizing unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial shear tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle size analysis (LPSA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), this work systematically investigated the influence of different alkali concentrations on the mechanical properties and microstructure of red clay. The results indicate a distinct threshold effect of alkali concentration on red clay behavior, with the existence of a most unfavorable concentration (3.5%) and an optimal concentration (14%). At the 3.5% concentration, destructive dissolution was dominant, in which mineral dissolution led to particle refinement, surface smoothing, and an increase in the proportion of large pores, resulting in a significant reduction in soil strength. At 14% concentration, reconstructive cementation became prevalent. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of new crystalline phases (sodium aluminosilicate), indicating the occurrence of geopolymerization. The newly formed cementitious materials effectively bonded soil particles and filled pores, thereby enhancing shear strength, although their brittle nature resulted in strain softening during shearing. At excessively high concentrations (e.g., 21%), structural degradation and strength reduction were again observed. This research reveals the dynamic evolution of the “dissolution-cementation” competition mechanism in red clay under different concentrations of alkali contamination, providing a theoretical basis for preventing alkali contamination in red clay foundations and for soil reinforcement techniques based on alkali activation principles.

Food insecurity among waste-picking children in Iran and its associated factors

Scientific Reports Seyed Hossein Mohaqeqi Kamal, Neda SoleimanvandiAzar, Sina Ahmadi et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-36559-2

Combined effects of nitrate and antimicrobial compounds on in vitro subgingival biofilms

Scientific Reports Siobhan P. Moran, Maria Nadal-Ruiz, Alex Mira et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-36588-x

Abstract Chlorhexidine and antibiotics are commonly used as adjunct treatments for periodontitis. However, these antimicrobials can lead to microbial resistance and chlorhexidine can impair health-associated nitrate (NO 3 - ) metabolism. We tested the effect of chlorhexidine (0.002%), metronidazole (16 µg/ml) and amoxicillin (0.7 µg/ml), with and without 8 mM NO 3 - , on the bacterial composition and NO 3 - metabolism of subgingival plaque samples from 12 periodontitis patients grown in vitro for 8 h. The low sublethal concentrations of amoxicillin and chlorhexidine significantly inhibited microbial growth and impaired NO 3 - reduction, whereas the physiological concentration of metronidazole did not. A lower subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI) was found in the NO 3 - condition compared with amoxicillin alone and chlorhexidine with or without NO 3 - ( p  < 0.05). The SMDI of the metronidazole conditions was also significantly lower than in those with chlorhexidine ( p  < 0.05). Moreover, NO 3 - alone or combined with metronidazole appeared to increase Neisseria spp. and Aggregatibacter spp., whilst disease-associated changes were found in the chlorhexidine and amoxicillin conditions. Adding NO 3 - to metronidazole led to health-associated changes compared with metronidazole alone. In conclusion, low levels of amoxicillin and chlorhexidine limited microbial growth, impaired NO 3 - metabolism and were linked to disease-associated microbial profiles. A dual treatment of metronidazole + NO 3 - should be further investigated in clinical studies.

Early-Stage degradation of electrolytic iron particle-based magnetorheological elastomer under natural weathering conditions

Scientific Reports Rehnupreya Hentry Viension, Nur Azmah Nordin, Saiful Amri Mazlan et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-36655-3

Semantic-aware self-supervised learning using progressive sub-action regression for action quality assessment

Scientific Reports Marjan Mazruei, Ehsan Fazl-Ersi, Abedin Vahedian et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-36668-y

Comprehensive 16s rRNA sequencing and metabolomics to investigate the effect of anticancer bioactive peptides combined with oxaliplatin on gastric cancer

Scientific Reports Yanan Xu, Lina Wang, Shucheng Wu et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-18830-0

Multimodal spatiotemporal graph convolutional attention network for dynamic risk stratification and intervention strategy generation in rare disease rehabilitation nursing

Scientific Reports Siwen Zhao, Min Hu, Shan Fang Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-37095-9

Abstract Rare disease rehabilitation nursing presents unique challenges due to heterogeneous clinical manifestations, limited sample sizes, and complex comorbidity patterns that render traditional risk assessment tools inadequate. This study proposes a novel multimodal spatiotemporal graph convolutional attention network (MSTGCA-Net) for dynamic risk stratification and intervention strategy generation in rare disease rehabilitation. The framework integrates four principal innovations: a heterogeneous patient relationship graph construction scheme encoding clinical similarities, an adaptive multimodal fusion module employing cross-attention mechanisms, a spatiotemporal encoder capturing both inter-patient relationships and longitudinal dependencies, and a knowledge-guided intervention generation component. Experiments conducted on a retrospective cohort of 2,847 patients with 156 rare disease categories demonstrate that MSTGCA-Net achieves superior performance compared to baseline methods, with accuracy of 0.867, F1 score of 0.845, and AUC of 0.923. Expert evaluation of generated intervention strategies yielded favorable assessments across clinical appropriateness, safety, and feasibility dimensions. The attention-based architecture provides interpretable predictions that facilitate clinical adoption. This framework offers promising decision support tools for precision rehabilitation nursing in rare disease populations.

Mechanistic insights into PABPC5-mediated regulation of apoptosis in glioma pathophysiology

Scientific Reports A Mujite, Yitong Zheng, Wen Liu et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-33448-y

Fractional-order neural network for detecting process deviations in optical fiber cable manufacturing

Scientific Reports Zbigniew Gomolka, Ewa Zeslawska, Lukasz Olbrot Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-37770-x

Generation of TCRγδ + T cells from human embryonic stem cells

Scientific Reports Xueyan Zhang, Chuxin Chen, Yingjie Fu et al. Jan 30, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-37941-w