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Harnessing the power of virtual reality technology to enhance public health genomics skills in Africa
Improving precision agriculture using integrated bio-inspired optimization models for crop recommendation in Rajasthan, India
Dynamic plastic deformation delocalization in FCC solid solution metals
MRI neuroimaging-based Alzheimer’s disease stage classification using deep neural network with convolutional block attention module and GAN-style noise injection
Breaking activity-selectivity-stability trade-offs in reverse water-gas shift reaction via high-energy micro-faceted Mo2N nanocrystals
A novel deep-learning model to convert DAS strain to geophone particle velocity: application to PoroTomo data from the Brady geothermal field
Advancing A(H5N1) influenza risk assessment in ferrets through comparative evaluation of airborne virus shedding patterns
Abstract Recent A(H5N1) zoonotic cases linked to poultry and cattle in North America highlight the urgent need to assess the pandemic potential of emerging strains. Using male ferrets, we evaluate two B3.13 and two D1.1 genotype A(H5N1) viruses isolated from humans and observe fatal disease and varying capacities for direct contact transmission. To enhance pandemic risk assessment, we conduct aerosol sampling using cyclone BC251 and water condensation capture-based SPOT samplers and perform comparative analyses to include additional A(H5N1), A(H9N2), A(H7N9), and A(H1N1)pdm09 strains with known transmissibility profiles. Although none of the A(H5N1) strains transmit via the air, B3.13 viruses are detected at significantly higher levels compared to D1.1 strains. Here we show strong correlations between viral loads in nasal washes, airborne virus shedding, and transmissibility in ferrets, highlighting the value of these metrics for identifying zoonotic influenza viruses that may be adapting toward increased transmission potential.
Orbitrap Astral–based proteome and phosphoproteome analysis identifies candidate proteins associated with the phosphatidate phosphatase MoPah1 in Magnaporthe oryzae
2D/2D phosphorene/BiOI S-scheme heterojunction for subminute photocatalytic water disinfection under real sunlight
Comparative efficacy of Bacillus probiotics and formalin-killed bacterin against Vibrio anguillarum in European eel elvers
Abstract This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of Bacillus species probiotics and formalin-killed bacterin to control vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarium in European eel ( Anguilla anguilla ) elvers. Fish were allocated into four triplicate groups defined as follows: a control non-vaccinated (CON) group that fed on a basal diet without additives, two groups fed on diets supplied with Bacillus species probiotics (PRO; Sanolife PRO-F) in a dose of 0.5 g /kg diet (PRO-F1) and 1.0 g /kg diet (PRO-F2), and the fourth group was vaccinated with immersion formalin-killed bacterin and got a booster vaccination at 14th day (VACC). The experiment lasted for 28 days. In the end, the immune responses, including antibody titers, lysozyme activities (in serum and skin mucous), and bactericidal activity, were evaluated. The relative percent survival (RPS) after intraperitoneal challenge with V. anguillarium was calculated after an additional 10-day observation period. A one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used to compare the experimental groups (VACC, PRO-F1, and PRO-F2) with the CON group. The results revealed significantly higher antibody titers, lysozyme activities (in serum and skin mucous), and serum bactericidal activity in the VACC and PRO-treated groups over the CON group. Of interest, the lysozyme activities (in serum and skin mucous) and antibody titers were significantly higher in the VACC group over both PRO groups. After the experimental infection, it was noticed that both VACC and PRO significantly protected eel elvers against V. anguillarium compared to the CON group. In addition, the RPS were 41.67%, 29.17%, and 37.50% in the VACC, PRO-F1, and PRO-F2 groups, respectively. This study unveils the vital roles of PRO and VACC and their effective roles in enhancing innate and mucosal immunities and protecting European eel elvers against vibriosis caused by V. anguillarium . Based on our findings, immersion vaccination emerges as the superior strategy for managing vibriosis in eels. This approach offers greater protection than feed-based probiotics, underscoring its potential as a viable vaccination method in eel aquaculture.
Counteracting FOX proteins epigenetically control the herpesvirus lytic-latent balance
Household wastewater as a sentinel for community-level antimicrobial resistance: a cross-sectional study in Gombe, Nigeria
Orbital exchange-mediated current control of magnetism
Longitudinal associations between cognitive ability and socioeconomic status are partially genetic in nature
Abstract Individual’s future socioeconomic status (SES) has been reported to be robustly predicted by cognitive ability (IQ). However, research on the genetic and environmental underpinnings of this association in emerging adults remains limited. Utilizing the German TwinLife panel data, the present study examined how IQ at early adulthood at age 23 is associated with SES at age 27 (N MZ = 228 and N DZ−SAME SEX = 212), through 2 measures on educational attainment and 2 on occupational status. Cholesky decomposition models reported the heritability of IQ at approximately 75%, and heritability on all SES outcomes. Genetic factors further explained most of the IQ–SES association (69–98%), and genetic correlations between IQ and SES exceeded environmental correlations. These findings seem to underscore the importance of researchers and policymakers to also considering genetic factors when examining the life outcomes of young adults.
Coacervate droplets as pH-regionalized protocells
Pharmacokinetics, pathology and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor VPC285785 in a murine model of coronavirus infection
Publisher Correction: Machine learning predicts meter-scale laboratory earthquakes
CNOT2 /c-Myc/STAT3 signaling is critically involved in glycolysis mediated apoptosis of benzyl isothiocyanate in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract Although benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a major compound found in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to exert antitumor effects in various cancers, its apoptotic mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the apoptotic mechanism of BITC by investigating its role in inhibiting Warburg effect in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. BITC suppressed cell proliferation, increased the sub-G1 population, Annexin V/PI and reduced the expression of pro-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (pro-PARP), pro-caspase-3, CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 2 (CNOT2), c-Myc, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated Janus kinase 1 (p-JAK1) in SK-Hep1 and Huh7 HCC cell lines. Notably, knockdown of STAT3 or its upstream regulator CNOT2 further enhanced BITC-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased pro-PARP and pro-caspase-3 expression in SK-Hep1 cells. Additionally, BITC attenuated the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with reduced LDH production and glucose in SK-Hep1 and Huh7 cells. However, treatment of pyruvate or overexpression of CNOT2 or c-Myc reversed the capacity of BITC to reduce the expression of HK2, pro-caspase-3, and pro-PARP in SK-Hep1 cells. Immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that BITC disrupted the interactions between CNOT2 and STAT3 or c-Myc. Collectively, these findings suggest that the CNOT2/c-Myc/STAT3 signaling axis plays a critical role in glycolysis mediated apoptosis of BITC in HCC cells.
Mechanistic insights into PCBP1-driven unfolding of selected i-motif DNA at G1/S checkpoint
Abstract I-motifs are non-canonical, four-stranded DNA structures in cytosine-rich genomic regions, yet their protein-mediated regulation remains underexplored. Here, we identify PCBP1 (Poly(rC)-binding protein 1) as a selective i-motif-binding protein that unfolds specific i-motifs depending on their protonation and hairpin-forming propensities. Systematic truncation reveals that individual K-homology (KH) domains of PCBP1 cannot selectively bind or unfold i-motifs, but their coordinated actions restore wild-type PCBP1 functions. Using biochemical, biophysical, and molecular dynamics studies, we demonstrate that KH1+2 domains remodel i-motifs, recruiting KH3 to facilitate unfolding and efficient DNA replication. Chromatin and cell-based investigations reveal that PCBP1-knockdown increases i-motif formation at specific genomic loci, coinciding with G 1 /S arrest and elevated γH2AX, indicative of genomic instability. During G 1 /S transition, PCBP1 occupancy peaks at these i-motif loci, ensuring i-motif resolution in early S phase. These findings establish PCBP1 as a critical regulator of i-motif dynamics, directly linking its unfolding activity to G 1 /S transition and genome stability.