Browse Articles

Evaluation of the performance and temporal variability of large language models in patient education regarding pneumothorax: a seven-day analysis

Reduced melanocortin tone modulates feeding during pregnancy in mice

Determination of the most suitable reference gene for transcription analysis of synovial tissue from osteoarthritis patients

Abstract Synovial tissue plays a key role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Gene expression analysis is widely used to investigate underlying pathomechanisms; however, accurate normalization of target mRNA expression depends on the use of stable reference genes. This study evaluated the suitability of common reference genes for determining synovial tissue mRNA expression, considering various factors. In the synovial tissue of 20 patients with end-stage OA, the stability of the expression of 10 reference genes ( GAPDH , RPLP0 , YWHAZ , TBP , PPIA , EEF1A1 , ACTB , HRPT1 , SDHA , and RPL13A ) was evaluated using four different analysis methods (NormFinder, geNorm, the ΔCt method, and Pearson correlation analysis). The most stable genes were identified by means of a subsequent ranking analysis. Both the entire sample pool and various subgroups (sex, age, BMI, and synovitis score) were considered. RPL13A , PPIA , and EEF1A1 were identified as the most stable reference genes overall, with minor variability across subgroups. In contrast, GAPDH proved to be the least suitable reference gene, showing the most variable expression. The stability of the reference gene might be affected by sex, age, and BMI and this should be taken into account.

Renal resistive index-guided mean arterial pressure titration in sepsis: a prospective single-center, single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial

Abstract In sepsis, optimizing mean arterial pressure (MAP) for organ perfusion remains challenging. We conduct a single-center, single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial enrolling 274 sepsis patients to evaluate whether renal resistive index (RRI)-guided MAP titration (MAP titration group, MTG) reduces 28-day all-cause mortality (primary endpoint) compared with conventional treatment (conventional treatment group, CTG). Post-titration, RRI decreases significantly in the MTG versus CTG (0.61 vs. 0.67, P  < 0.001). However, 28-day mortality does not differ (25/138 vs. 36/136; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.44-1.08; P  = 0.11). These findings suggest that RRI-guided MAP titration improves renal hemodynamics but does not reduce mortality in this single-center trial; multicenter confirmation is warranted. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200057136, registered 1 March 2022; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=153154 ).

Numerical investigation of radiative chemically reactive induced-mhd burgers’ nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

ZnF-UBP domains regulate deubiquitinase activity by relieving ubiquitin product inhibition

MTDRA-Net: graph-temporal neural network for dynamic evaluation of college students’ responsibility

Consequences of agricultural deforestation and subsequent afforestation on soil biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality

An end-to-end deep learning pipeline for urban noise monitoring with spatiotemporal analysis

Coexistence of high temperature superconductivity and antiferromagnetic order in a cuprate with multiple hole Fermi pockets

Associations between postoperative serum omics-derived proteins and aggressive clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid cancer

Bootstrapping multimodal large language model with medical knowledge for automatic esophagogastroduodenoscopy diagnosis and reporting

Hurricane exposure, structural vulnerability, and insurance gaps drive property damage after superstorm sandy

Repetitive neuronal activation regulates cellular maturation state via nuclear reprogramming

Abstract Neural stimulation, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), is highly effective clinical intervention for a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. However, their mechanism of action at the cellular level remains poorly understood. Here, we model ECT with repeated optogenetic neuronal stimulation in the mouse dentate gyrus, and observe ECT-relevant behavioral changes, including decreased depression-like behavior and increased locomotor activity. At the cellular level, we identify dematuration to a long-term stable state, persisting for more than one month, defined by changes in nuclear structure, gene expression patterns resembling the G 2 /M phase of the cell cycle, and altered neural coding of navigational information. Moreover, knockout of the G 2 /M master regulator Cyclin B attenuates some of behavioral and cellular effects. These findings demonstrate that chronically-repeated brain stimulation triggers plasticity of the cellular state, revealing a form of stimulus-regulated nuclear reprogramming with potential clinical utility.

Composite metabolic indices for the assessment of early biochemical and metabolic alterations in Iraqi children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: an exploratory case–control study

Versatile Glycan Probes for Multiplatform Investigation of Glycan Interactions with Proteins, Viruses, and Cells

Abstract Glycan-mediated interactions are vital to development, microbial colonisation, immune signalling, and cancer progression. Glycan microarrays have revolutionised glycobiology by enabling high-throughput analysis of these complex interactions, supported by techniques that reveal kinetics and dynamics in solution or at the cellular level. We introduce multifunctional glycan probes based on a tri-functional Fmoc-Amino-Azido (FAA) linker, enabling multi-platform investigation of glycan-mediated interactions. These FAA probes support glycan presentation on both covalent and non-covalent array platforms, allowing direct comparison of glycan recognition by diverse proteins. Notably, certain viral adhesins and immune lectins show a preference for the non-covalent platform. The azido group allows further functionalisation via ‘click chemistry’, enabling biotinylation for immobilisation on bio-layer interferometry biosensors for influenza virus binding, or fluorescent tagging for flow cytometry analysis of glycan-lectin interactions on cells. These versatile probes offer a unified platform for in-depth interrogation of glycan interactions using complementary approaches, with strong potential to advance glycan-based diagnostics and therapeutics.

Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates cisplatin nephrotoxicity by restoring mitophagy

Core elements play distinct roles in promoter birth and transcriptional regulation

Early-life family socioeconomic and educational impacts on adult EEG and behavioral signatures of visual cognitive function

Embryonic and postnatal macrophages are necessary for proper tooth development and homeostasis

Abstract The role of macrophages in teeth, beyond their function in innate immunity, remains unexplored. This study demonstrates that macrophages populate dental tissues during early development and increase in number during pre-eruptive stages postnatally. In continuously growing teeth, they are associated with epithelial and mesenchymal stem cell niches throughout lifetime. To investigate their role in development, we genetically disrupt macrophage migration using neural-crest specific Wnt1 Cre /Csf1 fl/fl and general Csf1R knockout mouse models. This results in abnormal dentin and enamel deposition, eruption defects, early tooth mispatterning, and impaired osteogenesis. Notably, the phenotype is partially rescued via bone marrow transplantation. In addition, the short-term pharmacological depletion of macrophages in wildtype adult mice causes striking disintegration of both dentin and enamel in the apical part of continuously-growing teeth, which is restored after withdrawal of clodronate. Following treatment, macrophages rapidly repopulate dental tissue and the presence of M2 reparative state phenotype is observed by single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Overall, our findings reveal essential role of macrophages in the dental development and patterning of both mesenchymal and epithelial tooth compartments. This previously unrecognized role of macrophages in teeth is reminiscent of their function in complex tissue regeneration and requires future studies to dissect precise cellular and molecular mechanisms.