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Toddlers expect ingroup loyalty to override personal preferences when outgroups are present
When outgroups are present, adults may endorse ingroup choices that are at odds with their personal preferences, in an outward show of ingroup loyalty. Here, we examined whether 2-y-old toddlers ( N = 108) might already understand such shows of loyalty. In three violation-of-expectation experiments, toddlers watched interactions among a target individual, an ingroup member, and an outgroup member; group memberships were marked with novel labels. In the critical trials, the target individual chose between an ingroup- and an outgroup-associated toy. When the outgroup member was present during this selection process, toddlers expected the target individual to conform to her group’s norm and select the ingroup-associated toy, even when they knew she preferred the outgroup-associated toy. This was true whether or not the ingroup member remained in the scene; as long as the outgroup member was present, toddlers expected the target individual to select the ingroup-associated toy and no other toy. When the outgroup member was absent, however, toddlers expected the target individual to act on her personal preference, if any. They also held this expectation if no information was provided about group memberships. Together, these results indicate that by 2 y of age, toddlers a) construe individuals as possessed of both a personal and a social identity, b) understand that individuals may produce different actions in different contexts depending on which identity has precedence, and c) expect individuals’ social identity to take precedence in intergroup contexts even when it conflicts with their personal identity, in a show of ingroup loyalty.
Research on online EDI order scheduling optimization strategy in manufacturing enterprises based on time-varying Markov chains
Correction for Yi et al., Underestimated input of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon to the ocean
A noninferiority trial evaluating the efficacy of bedinvetmab compared to grapiprant for osteoarthritis-pain in dogs using force plate gait analysis
Correction for Vierock et al., Multicolor photoreactions of the red light–activated channelrhodopsin Chrimson
Optimization of THP-1-CAR monocytes utilizing CD32a signaling phagocytosis for antigen-specific T cell activation
Next-generation anti-DLL3 radiopharmaceuticals targeting high-grade neuroendocrine lung and prostate cancers
Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is a tumor-selective cell surface protein upregulated in high-grade neuroendocrine tumors, including small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Here, we report on the development of anti-DLL3 radioimmunoconjugates for use as either a diagnostic imaging tracer based on the positron-emitter zirconium-89 ( 89 Zr) or a therapeutic agent utilizing the beta-emitter lutetium-177 ( 177 Lu). To begin, we generated a panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting human DLL3 by immunizing transgenic mice engineered with a human immunoglobulin repertoire. The panel was extensively screened to identify high-affinity internalizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing a diversity of DLL3 epitopes. Select mAbs were reformatted as fully human Fab-arm exchange-deficient IgG4 to reduce effector function and then produced by recombinant methods. A pilot immunoPET study was performed in athymic female nude mice bearing human NCI-H82 SCLC tumors to nominate a lead candidate. ImmunoPET identified [ 89 Zr]Zr-DFO-TDI-Y-010 as the top-performing diagnostic tracer, with excellent in vivo biodistribution and tumor-to-background-organ ratios consistently >4. Therapeutic studies with [ 177 Lu]Lu-CHX-A"-DTPA-TDI-Y-010 demonstrated strong antitumor effects, significantly improving ( P <0.05) overall survival compared with the benchmark clone [ 177 Lu]Lu-CHX-A"-DTPA-SC16.56 in two SCLC tumor models (NCI-H82 and Lu149) and achieving comparable overall survival in a NEPC tumor model.
Effects of using dextrose administration and outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with hypoglycemia during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
PCA whitening improves the illumination tolerance for visual place recognition with Fourier signatures
Abstract In vision-based mobile robotics, retrieving the image of a place that looks most similar to the current camera view can be used to localize a robot in a familiar environment. This technique is referred to as visual place recognition (VPR) . A key challenge of VPR are appearance changes, e.g. due to differences in illumination. In this work, we focus on Fourier signatures as an especially efficient VPR method. Fourier signatures describe panoramic images by a subset of the amplitudes of their frequency spectrum. By representing the panoramic image in the frequency domain and discarding phase information, the resulting signature of a place becomes invariant to cyclic shifts along the horizontal axis, corresponding to a rotation of the mobile robot. We show that whitening these signatures with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) substantially improves the robustness against illumination changes and attribute the improvements to the combination of scaling and decorrelation effects provided by PCA whitening. Comparing Fourier signatures with AnyLoc, a modern deep-learning-based image description method, we observe competitive VPR quality at substantially lower computational cost.
Task-irrelevant human and robot head movements bias gaze in humans who follow them through virtual reality
Abstract In prolonged social interactions, human attention and gaze are profoundly influenced by the looking behavior of others – to an extent that gaze-based communication strategies have been transferred from human-human to human-robot collaboration. Much less is known as to how gaze-based interactions play out during encounters in (semi-)public spaces, when an agent encounters another agent without them interacting towards a common goal and without the other’s gaze providing any information of relevance for the first agent’s task. Here, we investigate such a situation. We asked participants to walk behind an avatar – human or robot – who proceeded at constant speed through corridors of a virtual-reality version of a university building. Corridors had posters on the side walls. In some corridors but not in others, the avatar looked at three different posters, either 3 on the same side or 2 on one side and 1 on the other. Although the avatars’ looking behavior had no relevance for the participants, we found that participants’ gaze in a corridor was biased to the side of the posters the avatar looked at, irrespective of avatar type (human or robot). This suggests that gaze following occurs even in situations where it has no apparent benefit.
Correction: Non-fasting and fasting serum triglyceride concentrations and new-onset hyperuricemia in the general Japanese population: ISSA-CKD study
Correction: A controlled comparative study on the effect of arterial occlusion pressure on immediate sympathetic and hyperemic responses
PLETHORA–autophagy axis activates organ regeneration through ROS modulation
Injury-induced disruption of cellular homeostasis leads to accumulation of stress at sites adjacent to a wound. How do these cells mitigate wound-induced stress and restore cellular homeostasis to promote regeneration? To address this question, we examined the role of autophagy—a conserved quality control pathway that recycles defective cellular components to sustain cellular homeostasis—in facilitating wound repair in plants. We demonstrate that transcriptional activation of autophagy-related gene 8 ( ATG8 ) genes is essential for de novo root regeneration, but dispensable for wound induced callus formation from an excised leaf. Plant-specific transcription factors PLETHORA (PLT) activate the transcription of a subset of ATG8 genes and function nonredundantly in this process. Disrupting the PLT– ATG8 regulatory axis severely impairs organelle turnover, resulting in increased intracellular stress and ectopic accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). PLT– ATG8 mediated positioning of optimal ROS levels promotes the expression of stem-cell regulators for successful de novo root regeneration. Altogether, our findings illustrate how plants utilize kingdom-specific developmental regulators, such as PLTs, to activate evolutionarily conserved pathways, effectively managing wound-induced cellular stress and facilitating organ regeneration.