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JBC reviews tribute to the memory of Dr William (Bill) Smith (1945–2024)
Multi-stream deep learning framework integrating images and feature representations to predict mild cognitive impairment using the rey complex figure test
O-GlcNAcase promotes dendritic spine morphogenesis while downregulating their GluA2-containing AMPA receptors
Influence of pore structure on grain bulk modulus of underground rock masses under hydro-mechanical conditions
AHCY: A metabolic gatekeeper at the interface of methylation, redox balance, and cellular stress response
Aluminum-induced proteomic responses in Qualea dichotoma (Mart.) warm: a dataset descriptive analysis
From a single C-mannose to multiple C-mannosyltransferases
Differential enrichment of key bacterial taxa in the rhizosphere of naturally growing and artificially restored Kandelia obovata forests
Abstract The structure of the soil bacterial community is crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance and facilitating material transformation in mangrove ecosystems. The large-scale destruction of mangroves directly impacts soil bacterial processes, potentially leading to ecosystem degradation. This study employed Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing to investigate the rhizosphere bacterial community of Kandelia obovata seedlings in both natural and artificially restored forests. Although alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed that the overall bacterial community structure was not significantly altered by artificial restoration, significant shifts in the abundance of specific bacterial genera were identified. A substantial proportion (86.1%-92.6%) of bacterial sequences remained unclassified at the genus level. Distinct dominant genera were observed across different groups: the well-grown artificial group (treat-k) was enriched with Sulfurovum , Actibacter , and Desulfatiglans (5.09%, 2.18%, and 1.82%, respectively), while the poorly-grown artificial group (treat-s) was characterized by Ignavibacterium , Prolixibacter , and Woeseia (2.10%, 1.21%, and 1.06%, respectively). The natural group was dominated by Woeseia , Desulfatiglans , and Halioglobus (1.56%, 1.53%, and 1.11%). Statistical analysis further confirmed that the abundance of several genera, including Ignavibacterium , Prolixibacter , and Haliangium differed significantly ( p < 0.05) between the poorly-grown group (treat-s) and the better-grown groups (treat-k and natural). In conclusion, while artificial restoration did not restructure the rhizosphere bacterial community at a global level, it selectively shaped the microbial assemblage by enriching specific bacterial taxa, which might play a crucial role in determining the growth status of Kandelia obovata during restoration.
Targeting NAT10 alleviates colonic senescence and elderly-onset colitis by disrupting N4-acetylation of DYRK1A
Mechanisms of protein degradation in atrophying muscles: What have we learned during the past decade?
Aetiology of acute respiratory infection in Vientiane, Lao PDR, from a case–control study
Abstract Acute respiratory infections (ARI) remain a major cause of child mortality in low- and middle-income countries. However, the risk factors for ARI are poorly understood in low-income settings, and ARI aetiology is changing, driven by vaccination. There are very limited data from Lao PDR (Laos) on ARI aetiology and risk factors to support health policy decisions. This study aimed to investigate the aetiology of hospitalised ARI, and describe risk factors associated with hospitalised ARI, in children under 5 years of age in Laos. We conducted a case–control study at Mahosot Hospital, Laos, enrolling children under five years of age hospitalised with ARI, and community controls matched on age, sex and time of recruitment. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected, and throat swabs taken. Swabs were analysed using probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect bacterial and viral microorganisms. Risk factors for ARI were determined through regression analysis, and microorganism-specific attributable fractions (AF) were calculated to estimate each microorganism’s contribution to hospitalised ARI. We enrolled 307 cases and 564 controls over 12 months in 2016/17. Microorganisms were detected in 93.8% of cases and 58.9% of controls. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the leading viral cause of hospitalised ARI, attributed to 29.6% of cases, followed by influenza viruses (11.6%). H. influenzae was attributed to 40.8% of cases. RSV exhibited clear seasonality, peaking during the wet season. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months (OR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.45–0.86), and being up to date with pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (odds ratio: 0.6; 95% CI 0.41–0.80), were associated with a lower risk of hospitalised ARI; while low birth weight (OR: 2.91; 95% CI 1.63–5.28), and household smoking (OR: 3.07; 95% CI 2.25–4.18), were associated with increased risk. RSV and H. influenzae remain major causes of ARI in Laos. The findings highlight the potential benefit of tailoring interventions to the local context, including vaccination and risk mitigation strategies, to reduce the burden of ARI in Laos and other low and middle-income countries.
Conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies reveal early Tau structural intermediates in Alzheimer’s disease
Influence of radiation on green-synthesized AgNPs and their role in enhancing fluoride stress tolerance in rice
Abstract Fluoride stress severely impairs the growth and productivity of economically important crops, including rice, resulting in significant yield losses and threatening agricultural sustainability. Enhancing crop resilience requires strategies that balance plant development and stress responses. In this study, we adopted a multi-step approach to mitigate fluoride toxicity in rice. First, soil properties—texture, organic matter, pH, and nutrient content—were analysed to guide crop recommendations and optimize yield. Second, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green approach with Bryophyllum pinnatum plant extract and characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, XRD and DLS, confirming their structural integrity and morphological changes. Third, the interaction of radiation with B. pinnatum plant extract and AgNPs was examined, revealing higher energy absorption in the extract compared to nanoparticles. Finally, plant responses under fluoride stress were evaluated by comparing AgNP priming with conventional foliar fertilizer. AgNP treatment significantly improved germination, root and shoot length, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll), and antioxidant enzyme activity, resulting in enhanced growth and yield. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that AgNP priming effectively regulates fluoride-sensitive defense pathways, offering a promising strategy for developing fluoride-tolerant crops and improving agricultural productivity under stress conditions.
Modernizing biomolecular NMR: The POKY suite
Genome-wide SNP analysis reveals genetic diversity and structure of wild and cultivated olives (Olea europaea L.) in Oman
Abstract The olive ( Olea europaea L.) crop has significant cultural, nutritional, and economic importance worldwide. While its genetic diversity has been extensively studied in the Mediterranean Basin, little is known about olive germplasm in the Arabian Peninsula, including Oman, where it represents a unique environment for olive cultivation. In Oman, both wild and cultivated olives are exposed to arid conditions, which may have led to unique genetic adaptations. Leaf samples were collected from 44 olive accessions, including wild populations (MN and UT) distributed across northern and southern Oman and introduced cultivars originating from the Mediterranean Basin and cultivated in Oman, as a comparative reference. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries were prepared and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq X platform. High-quality reads were aligned to the Mediterranean olive reference genome, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called, filtered for quality, and annotated to assess their genomic distribution. Genetic diversity indices, population structure (PCA, DAPC, STRUCTURE), phylogenetic relationships, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), pairwise Fst/PhiST, and linkage disequilibrium were calculated to evaluate variation, differentiation, and evolutionary patterns among wild and cultivated olives. After quality filtering, 167,875 high-confidence SNPs were retained. Functional annotation revealed that many variants were located in coding and regulatory regions. For linkage disequilibrium analysis, a more stringent SNP filtering scheme was applied, and genome-wide LD showed a progressive decay of r 2 with increasing physical distance. Introduced cultivars used as comparative reference genotypes exhibited moderate genetic diversity (He = 0.100–0.162) and negative or near-zero F IS values, indicating heterozygote excess likely due to clonal propagation, whereas Omani wild olive populations (MN and UT) showed markedly lower diversity (He = 0.060–0.106) and positive F IS values, reflecting reduced heterozygosity and limited gene flow. Multivariate (PCA and DAPC), STRUCTURE, and phylogenetic analyses consistently revealed strong genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated olives, with AMOVA indicating that ~ 51% of genetic variation was explained by differences among predefined groups, dominated by the contrast between wild and cultivated olives. This study provides an early genome-wide SNP analysis of Omani wild and cultivated olives. Clear genetic differentiation was observed between wild and cultivated groups, with wild populations showing distinct variation. These findings can inform future conservation and breeding efforts for olive germplasm in arid environments.