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AcrIIA7 hijacks tracrRNA to block CRISPR-Cas system
Mid-infrared to ultraviolet efficient multiphoton frequency upconversion in NbOI2 crystals
EPInformer: scalable and integrative prediction of gene expression from promoter-enhancer sequences with multimodal epigenomic profiles
Dopamine and serotonin inversely modulate D2 medium spiny neurons to regulate cocaine reward
Optimizing global genomic surveillance for early detection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
Experimental mechanician for plate lattice metamaterial discovery
Pyruvate metabolism enzyme Dlat induces mitochondria protein hyperacetylation to limit fatty acid oxidation in the HFpEF heart
Molecular mechanism underlying regulation of chalcone synthase by chalcone isomerase-like protein
Highly ionic-dispersed oxygen electrode for reversible proton ceramic electrochemical cells
Abstract The key challenges for commercializing reversible proton ceramic electrochemical cells (R-PCECs) are the insufficient proton conductivity and inferior thermomechanical stability of oxygen electrodes in air with water vapor. We report a multielement micro-doped BaCoO 3-δ -based perovskite material, in which disorder is induced in the ionic substructure to maximize the oxygen-water reaction activity. Atom probe tomography and density functional theory calculations reveal that reduced proton adsorption/diffusion energy barriers are triggered by homogeneous ion distributions in the perovskite oxide. Moreover, the thermally driven mild oxygen release can be further offset by beneficial proton uptake, thereby increasing the thermomechanical durability of the oxygen electrode. The resulting R-PCECs obtain a peak power density of 1.56 W cm -2 and an electrolysis current density of 2.0 A cm -2 @1.3 V at 600 °C while demonstrating long-term stability exceeding 780 hours, with degradation rates of 19.3 and 16.9 μV h -1 in fuel cell and electrolysis modes, respectively.
Complex marine ecological response during the Eocene-Oligocene revealed by global foraminiferal record
Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition was the crucial turning point when Earth’s climate shifted to its current icehouse state. Understanding how the marine biosphere responded during this transition is not well-constrained, appearing as a simple extinction pulse in low temporal resolution global compendia. Here we design an artificial-intelligence-inspired metaheuristics algorithm to construct a high-resolution global species richness history across the Eocene–Oligocene transition for the rich foraminifera fossil record with an imputed ~29,000-year resolution. The revealed diversity dynamics are complex and differ for each foraminiferal group with distinct ecology. Planktonic and shallow-water larger benthic foraminifera show steady diversity levels in the early phases of the transition in the latest Eocene after a long-term reduction, while the deeper-water small benthic foraminifera radiate notably and then decline over the same interval. In the earliest Oligocene, the planktonic and larger foraminifera suffer major species losses coincident with the first continental-scale ice sheet formed on Antarctica, while small benthic foraminifera diversity holds steady, followed by an accelerating lowering as the early Oligocene proceeds. These findings reveal complicated and ecologically differentiated environment-life processes, indicating the importance of high-resolution temporal data for dissecting out ecological responses to major environmental changes.
Biological traits predict species’ time-varying responses to multiple global change drivers
Prefusion-stabilized Hantaan virus glycoprotein nucleic acid vaccine elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses via germinal center activation
Abstract Old World orthohantaviruses , including Hantaan virus (HTNV), cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. Available inactivated vaccines often induce low neutralizing antibodies and short-term protection. We evaluated nucleic acid vaccines expressing a prefusion-stabilized HTNV glycoprotein in female BALB/c mice. Both DNA and mRNA-LNP versions elicited robust neutralizing antibodies by strongly activating germinal centers, which protected mice against high-dose HTNV challenge. We further tested heterologous prime-boost regimens, where mice primed with inactivated vaccine received different boosters. All boosters increased neutralizing titers, but only the prefusion-stabilized glycoprotein mRNA-LNP vaccine raised titers to the level achieved by its own full primary vaccination course. This demonstrates the immunogen’s superiority in developing next-generation vaccines and its unique ability to potently recall memory B cells induced by suboptimal inactivated vaccines. Thus, prefusion-stabilized glycoprotein-based nucleic acid vaccines are promising candidates for advanced orthohantavirus vaccine development.
Electrostatically tunable moiré-mediated Wigner states via interfacial potential engineering in 2D van der Waals heterostructures
Cadonilimab plus chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment for advanced cervical cancer: subgroup analyses from the COMPASSION-16 phase 3 trial
Jagged-mediated lateral induction patterns Notch3 signaling within adult neural stem cell populations
Abstract In the adult brain, Notch3 signaling promotes neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence and stemness. It remains unknown how Notch3 signaling levels are controlled and relate to these NSC decisions. Here we directly measure the nuclear translocation of the Notch3 intracellular fragment (N3ICD) and quantify Notch3 signaling in NSCs of the zebrafish adult telencephalon in situ. We report that Notch3 signaling levels match NSC quiescence and stemness levels. In physical space, Notch3 signaling is patterned and high signaling levels surround N3ICD low cells, which also express the deltaA (dla ) ligand. Another ligand, jagged1b ( jag1b ), expressed in all NSCs, activates Notch3 signaling and sustains expression of the stemness factor Sox2. Finally, lowering jag1b preserves the structured distribution of Notch3 signaling levels in space but attenuates their variance. We propose that Notch3 signaling integrates Dla-mediated lateral inhibition and Jag1b-mediated lateral induction to control quiescence and stemness and their spatiotemporal dynamics in adult NSCs.
High-Fidelity quantum teleportation mediated by hole transfer in an acceptor–donor–radical molecular triad
Cell type-specific enhancers regulate IL-22 expression in innate and adaptive type 3 lymphoid cells
Noradrenaline causes a spread of association in the hippocampal cognitive map
Abstract The mammalian brain organises knowledge about entities in the world and relationships between them using cognitive maps. When forming a cognitive map, there is a necessary trade-off between extending the map to make novel inferences, and storing a veridical copy of past experience. However, the neural mechanisms that control this trade-off remain unknown. Using a cross-scale approach that combines a pharmacological intervention in humans with neural network modelling, we show that the neuromodulator noradrenaline elicits a significant ‘spread of association’ across hippocampal cognitive maps. This neural spread of association can be explained by changes in synaptic plasticity that predict overgeneralisation in behaviour. Thus, elevated noradrenaline during learning increases the ‘smoothing kernel’ for plasticity across the cognitive map, allowing disparate memories to become linked and distorted.