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Publisher Correction: Dynamic realization of emergent high-dimensional optical vortices
Metagenomic insights reveal β-glucosidase-producing lactic acid bacteria from Miyamikhri with taxiphyllin degradation potential
A dual-cathode zinc-ethylene glycol/air battery for concurrent electricity generation and plastic waste upcycling
Self-care management in patients with heart failure in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand: a descriptive qualitative study
Learning earthquake ground motions via conditional generative modeling
Abstract Predicting high-fidelity ground motions for future earthquakes is crucial for seismic hazard assessment and infrastructure resilience. Conventional empirical simulations suffer from sparse sensor distribution and geographically localized earthquake locations, while physics-based methods are computationally intensive and require accurate representations of Earth structures and earthquake sources. We propose an artificial intelligence (AI) spectrogram generator, Conditional Generative Modeling for Ground Motion (CGM-GM). CGM-GM leverages earthquake magnitudes and geographic coordinates of earthquakes and sensors as inputs, when postprocessed with phase information, capturing spatially continuous Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) as well as properties such as P and S arrivals, and waveform durations, without explicit physics constraints. This is achieved through a probabilistic autoencoder that extracts latent distributions in the time-frequency domain and variational sequential models for prior and posterior distributions. We evaluate the performance of CGM-GM using small-magnitude earthquake records from the San Francisco Bay Area, a region with high seismic risks. Here, we report that CGM-GM demonstrates potential for complementing physics-based simulations and non-ergodic empirical ground motion models, as well as shows promise in seismology and beyond.
The development and validation of a clinical measurement tool for fear of recurrence and progression in cardiac patients
Abstract One in two cardiac patients fear having another heart event or their cardiac condition worsening. Assessment of fear of recurrence and progression (FoRP) is critical to effective clinical care and chronic disease management. The current study aimed to develop and validate a measure of cardiac-FoRP - The Fear of Cardiac Recurrence and Progression Inventory (FCRPI). Items were generated by reviewing relevant literature and were refined in collaboration with key informants. The item pool (44 items) was administered to 241 adults (mean age = 64.52; 50% female) with a history of an acute coronary event, cardiac surgery, or chronic cardiac condition. Exploratory factor analysis identified the underlying factor structure and Rasch analysis assessed fit and reduced the item set. The final FCRPI comprised 29 items across five fear subscales relating to: deteriorating health, requiring further treatment, disengagement and loss of agency, impacts on intimacy, and impacts on work and finance, and two fear response subscales: avoidance and hyperawareness. The FCRPI demonstrated excellent internal consistency, and criterion and discriminant validity, and a clinically significant cut-off score of 39 was identified. The FCRPI offers both research and clinical utility by providing a validated tool to assess cardiac-specific FoRP and guide tailored interventions and patient-centred care.
A selective enrichment and specific probe terminal mediated strategy for highly sensitive detection of microRNAs
Abstract MicroRNAs are promising liquid biopsy biomarkers, but their clinical translation is hindered by detection challenges, including low abundance, high sequence similarity, and background interference. Here we present SE-SPTM-PCR, a detection platform integrating selective miRNA enrichment using locked nucleic acid probes with specific probe terminal mediated RT-qPCR. We show that SE-SPTM-PCR eliminates nonspecific amplification and achieves 100-fold higher sensitivity than conventional stem-loop RT-qPCR. In clinical studies, SE-SPTM-PCR significantly improves hsa-miR-92a-3p performance for colorectal cancer detection, increasing its AUC from 0.72 to 0.85 in 48 patients versus 48 controls. Additionally, SE-SPTM-PCR also restores utility to two abandoned biomarkers: For HCMV reactivation monitoring in 32 DNA positive and 32 DNA negative hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, hcmv-miR-UL22A-5p achieves an AUC of 0.95. For nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ebv-miR-BART3-3p reaches a perfect AUC of 1.0 in 40 patients and 40 controls. This platform provides a robust tool for miRNA-based liquid biopsy, offering enhanced diagnostic accuracy to support early disease detection and personalized treatment strategies.
Gene and cell line efficiency of CRISPR computed by tensor decomposition in genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens
Dynamics of phage-host interactions in Bacteroides fragilis resolved by single-cell transcriptomics
Noninvasive temperature sensing technologies and the role of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in future applications
Abstract In polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), temperature gradients can exert a substantial influence on cell performance and durability. Monitoring these gradients without perturbing fuel cell operation is one of the main challenges. This study introduces a novel method for remotely mapping fuel cell temperature using ferromagnetic nanoparticles, such as nickel and iron. These nanomediators possess temperature-dependent magnetic properties, enabling neutron depolarization imaging (NDI) to provide insights into the internal fuel cell temperature. We extensively evaluated the main parameters pertaining to the utilization of these nanoparticles in powdered form for temperature sensing. This encompassed an assessment of the minimum detection concentration and temperature sensitivity. Our findings reveal that while the smallest nanoparticles yield the highest relative change in depolarization, they exhibit considerably lower absolute depolarization coefficients. Hence, larger particles emerge as strong candidates for signal detection. Despite the challenges posed by the considerable size of these sensors, which inhibits in-situ dispersion, there is an opportunity to enhance nanoparticle characteristics. Such improvements could be achieved by scaling up the size of the materials from the nanoscale while retaining high magnetic saturation and temperature sensitivity.
Climate response to Nature Future scenarios in a regional Earth System Model
Abstract Land use management can help address the human-induced climate and biodiversity crises. However, substantial transformations in land systems are needed to meet internationally agreed targets concerning nature conservation, restoration, sustainable agriculture, and tree cover. Such transformations influence land-atmosphere exchanges of energy, water, and carbon, and could have particularly strong effects on local to regional climate through changes in albedo and evapotranspiration. Here, we explore how land use management in Europe, consistent with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the Nature Futures Framework, and a sustainable low-emissions scenario, would affect the European climate mid-century. Using Earth System Modelling and detailed land use, habitat, and species projections, we show that policy implementation guided by relational values (Nature as Culture) could lead to additional warming and drying further threatening biodiversity and human well-being. Conversely, promoting intrinsic values (Nature for Nature) or ecosystem services (Nature for Society) would not add major challenges for climate adaptation and mitigation. These different outcomes highlight the need to develop integrative land use scenarios that enhance biodiversity and stabilise the climate, while considering feedbacks from land to the atmosphere. Such scenarios could help navigate trade-offs and inform policy implementation in Europe.
Splice-site mutations in POU2AF1 are associated with B-cell lymphomagenesis and therapeutic response
Identification of cis-regulatory elements provides insights into tissue-specific gene regulation in the sheep genome
Detection and classification of chromosomes with sister chromatid cohesion defects using object detection models
The impact of minimum energy performance standards on the commercial real estate market
Impact of hydrokinetic turbines on rainbow trout behaviour
Abstract Hydrokinetic turbines are an emerging technology to supply reliable and renewable energy by harnessing kinetic energy from river or tidal flows. They are a potential alternative to current hydropower schemes that impound rivers, cause habitat fragmentation and fish mortality. To-date there is limited knowledge available about fish behaviour in the vicinity of hydrokinetic turbines and their effects on shoaling. In this study, juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were allowed to swim either individually or as a shoal of three fish in a laboratory flume with five turbine configurations of single and paired turbines. Results show the turbines did not reduce fish passage when in operation, and blade strikes were rare, none causing significant harm. Fish were more likely to swim in the turbine’s downstream wake and upstream of the turbine (known as bow wake) when two turbines were operating because of the generation of larger areas of low velocity. Fish approached the turbines more often in shoals than alone and were overall bolder in shoals. This study suggests that hydrokinetic turbines do not significantly affect fish movement, thus supporting their utilisation as a suitable technology to extract renewable energy from rivers.
Ynimines as versatile precursors to 2-imido- and 2-amido-1,3-dienes for stereodivergent diels–alder reactions
Abstract In contrast to ynamides, whose chemistry has been extensively explored, ynimines remain underutilized in organic synthesis despite their rich functionalities. Here we report a general strategy to access 2-imido-1,3-dienes, synthetically challenging building blocks, through the reaction of ynimines with carboxylic acids. Leveraging this transformation, we develop a three-component reaction of ynimines, carboxylic acids and electron-deficient alkenes that enables the efficient synthesis of 1-imido-3,4- trans -disubstituted cyclohex-1-enes. The sequence proceeds via regioselective hydroacyloxylation and Mumm rearrangement to generate 2-imido-1,3-dienes, which undergo Diels–Alder cycloadditions. An intramolecular variant furnishes trans -fused tricyclic architectures reminiscent of trans -Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol. Chemoselective hydrolysis further converts 2-imido-1,3-dienes into 2-amido-1,3-dienes, enabling chiral squaramide-catalysed enantioselective Diels–Alder reactions to afford 1-amido-3,4- cis -disubstituted cyclohex-1-enes with high stereocontrol. Distinct concerted and stepwise cycloaddition pathways rationalize the observed stereodivergence.