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Metric dimension of cycloparaphenylene and its derived molecular structures
Data-In-situ Computing with One-Pixel-Multiple-Memristor Architecture for Neuromorphic Sequential Vision
Abstract Neuromorphic vision systems based on memristors offer an energy-efficient approach to artificial vision, yet traditional pixel(s)-to-one-memristor architectures remain inefficient in dynamic image processing due to limited temporary storage. Here, inspired by human visual working memory, we propose a one-pixel-multiple-memristor (1PnR) architecture with a rolling exposure strategy for fast sequential image acquisition. Furthermore, a data-in-situ computing network for efficient image processing is developed. With network weights mapped to voltage vectors and applied to the image storage memristor array, direct computation is enabled where the image is stored, and the energy-intensive data transmission is eliminated. A hardware prototype of the 1PnR architecture achieved 95.7% recognition accuracy on the Weizmann human action flow dataset. Compared to CMOS-based systems, this architecture is estimated to have a 2000× reduction in latency for image sensing and storage, and a 160× reduction in energy consumption image processing, demonstrating significant potential for future neuromorphic visual systems.
Study protocol: Dental and periodontal characteristics of older adults in Atahualpa, Ecuador within the Atahualpa Project cohort
This study protocol describes an observational, cross-sectional investigation of oral health in community-dwelling older adults from Atahualpa, a rural village in Ecuador, embedded within the long-standing Atahualpa Project cohort. Using a door-to-door survey approach, all registered residents aged ≥60 years (n = 410) will be invited to participate. Participants will attend twice weekly at the School of Dentistry of University through six coordinated stations: The first station will include a general oral diagnosis and the collection of general participant data using the unique Atahualpa project identifier. The second station will record the periodontal clinical examination according to the AAP/EFP 2018 clinical guidelines. In addition, subgingival biofilm sampling will be performed for 16S rRNA sequencing and gingival crevicular fluid for multiplex cytokine profiling. The third station will obtain high-resolution digital models through an intra-oral scanning (IOS) for dental morphometrics. The fourth station will record a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to support periodontal charting, and complementary structural findings. The fifth station will indicate dental treatments: restorations, root canals, extractions, and prosthesis using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Finally, the last station will perform an oral health education: oral health promotion and structured questionnaires such as the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), the European Health Literacy Survey-16 (HLS-EU-Q16) (in its Spanish version) and the Short Health Literacy Screen (BHLS). Primary objectives are to quantify associations between periodontitis severity, microbial composition, and local inflammatory profiles with neurocognitive and neuroimaging outcomes already available in the cohort (total MoCA and a composite cerebral small vessel disease score), controlling. Therefore, this protocol addresses the research question of whether, in older adults residing in the Atahualpa community, greater periodontitis severity is associated with lower neurocognitive performance and a higher burden of cerebral small vessel disease on neuroimaging within the existing cohort. It also examines whether the composition of the subgingival microbiome and cytokine profiles in gingival crevicular fluid correlate with periodontal severity and are related to these cerebral outcomes. Furthermore, it describes three-dimensional dental morphology (including features derived from ASUDAS for comparison with published Pima frequencies) to clarify whether there is similarity between the two ethnic groups.
Nanotube vesicles: a new neutrophil inflammatory response
Activated ATF6α is a hepatic tumour driver restricting immunosurveillance
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest growing cause of cancer-related mortality and there are limited therapies 1 . Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are implicated in HCC, the involvement of the UPR transducer ATF6α remains unclear 2 . Here we demonstrate the function of ATF6α as an ER-stress-inducing tumour driver and metabolic master regulator restricting cancer immunosurveillance for HCC, in contrast to its well-characterized role as an adaptive response to ER stress 3 . ATF6α activation in human HCC is significantly correlated with an aggressive tumour phenotype, characterized by reduced patient survival, enhanced tumour progression and local immunosuppression. Hepatocyte-specific ATF6α activation in mice induced progressive hepatitis with ER stress, immunosuppression and hepatocyte proliferation. Concomitantly, activated ATF6α increased glycolysis and directly repressed the gluconeogenic enzyme FBP1 by binding to gene regulatory elements. Restoring FBP1 expression limited ATF6α-activation-related pathologies. Prolonged ATF6α activation in hepatocytes triggered hepatocarcinogenesis, intratumoural T cell infiltration and nutrient-deprived immune exhaustion. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) 4 restored immunosurveillance and reduced HCC. Consistently, patients with HCC who achieved a complete response to immunotherapy displayed significantly increased ATF6α activation compared with those with a weaker response. Targeting Atf6 through germline ablation, hepatocyte-specific ablation or therapeutic hepatocyte delivery of antisense oligonucleotides dampened HCC in preclinical liver cancer models. Thus, prolonged ATF6α activation drives ER stress, leading to glycolysis-dependent immunosuppression in liver cancer and sensitizing to ICB. Our findings suggest that persistently activated ATF6α is a tumour driver, a potential stratification marker for ICB response and a therapeutic target for HCC.
Hot melt extruded Kyungohkgo attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy by downregulating the FOXO3a/MuRF-1/atrogin-1 axis
Cryo-EM structure of TRPM1 reveals a non-canonical architecture with an inverted transmembrane domain
Strategic equity compensation: A delphi-AHP approach to industry-specific governance design for RSUs
This study views RSUs (Restricted Stock Units) as a strategic tool to achieve sustainable growth, shareholder value enhancement, and key talent retention, and proposes RSUs introduction and operation framework for Korean companies. To this end, a three-round Delphi survey was conducted with 31 experts (11 from the legal and accounting group and 20 from the strategy, HR, and IR group), to derive key decision-making items for each stage of ‘strategy setting, execution, evaluation and control’. The panel size fits the appropriate range of existing research, and the content validity and level of agreement were statistically verified using CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and Kendall’s W (Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W)). Subsequently, based on the industrial classification system GICS (Global Industry Classification Standard), four industries were classified (consumer goods, resources and energy, industry and infrastructure, technology and communications) and a total of 48 leaders, including C-level, executives, and team leaders, were selected across the four industry groups (12 per group) as panelists and the relative importance and priorities of each item were calculated based on the criterion of a CR(Consistency Ratio below 0.1. The AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) results of the legal and accounting groups showed that ‘Compliance with relevant standards’ and ‘Preparation for audit and supervision response’ were the top factors, suggesting that the stability of RSUs operations is dependent on regulatory compliance and external supervision response capabilities. In the areas of strategy, HR, and IR, the importance of the strategy execution stage was higher than the strategy setting, evaluation, and control stage in all industries. Consumer goods, technology and communications industries evaluated ‘Core talent incentives’ and ‘Incentive model diversification’ as key priorities, while resource/energy and industrial/infrastructure industries evaluated ‘RSUs retention period’ and ‘Short and long-term performance evaluation model’ as key priorities. This study contributes by addressing the limitations of previous studies that only derived the relationship between variables such as RSUs introduction or vesting period and scale and financial performance and analyzing RSUs introduction and operation from the perspective of the process of ‘strategic setting-execution-evaluation and control’. It also demonstrated empirically that a strategy that reflects the characteristics of each industry is needed rather than a uniform introduction of RSUs, provides policy and practical implications for preparing Korea’s RSU guidelines, and can serve as a strategic benchmark for countries or companies with similar environments. Unfortunately, this study does not include the financial and healthcare industries, so further research is needed. Additionally, although Delphi-AHP presents priorities, it cannot verify the causal relationship of RSUs on financial performance or shareholder value, so the results of this study can be extended to follow-up verification studies applied to actual data.
Introduction to a review series on the new wave of targeted therapeutics for MPNs
Ruxolitinib and subsequent JAK2 inhibitors have improved care for some patients with the myeloproliferative neoplasms myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia (ET), and polycythemia vera, but major problems remain and there is much to do. This Review Series, curated by Associate Editor Jason Gotlib, covers 3 areas where exciting advances are occurring. Gotlib’s editorial sets the scene for these by summarizing where we are in 2026 and lessons from how we got here. Constantinescu, Vainchenker, and Pecquet discuss how new ways to switch off JAK signaling are delivering a suite of new small-molecule drugs with potential. Salzman and Mullally review the biology of calreticulin mutations in myelofibrosis and ET and how multiple different modalities can be brought to bear against this mutant surface protein, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific T-cell engagers, and cellular and vaccine therapies. Finally, Kremyanskaya, Ginzburg, and Hoffman outline the major recent progress being made in controlling excessive erythropoiesis through pharmacological modulation of iron metabolism.
Design of a fault-tolerant control system for a centrifugal pump-based level control system for sensor faults
Abstract Industrial activities rely on centrifugal pumps for fluid movement in numerous processes, including water treatment plants and chemical processing plants. These pumps must be used to precisely transfer the specific fluid level in tanks in order for operations to be stable and effective. Nevertheless, typical Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers have the potential to deal with these types of problems, and the feedback measurement is based on sensors. Also, in industrial process control systems, where exact information is vital for maintaining stability and performance across applications, sensor faults are a significant challenge to address. Any issue with the level-measuring sensor could cause unnecessary downtime and incorrect production, which could have a big impact on the control loop. For such systems, this paper suggests a Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) approach that actively estimates faulty sensor data in real-time using a Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) estimator. The FDI unit of system estimates a value based on data from other operating sensors in the case of one sensor fault. The results show that the suggested strategy is an effective approach to keep the pump running even if the sensor fails. The control loop is based on an estimate from the FDI unit; thus, it continues to operate even if a sensor fails. Given the numerous industrial applications for centrifugal pumps, the suggested approach guarantees improved efficiency and fault tolerance.
4polar3D single molecule imaging of 3D orientation in dense actin networks using ratiometric polarization splitting
Abstract Single Molecule Orientation and Localization Microscopy (SMOLM) aims at simultaneously measuring the position and orientation of single molecules, generating orientation-encoded super-resolved images by estimating both their 3D mean orientation and the extent of their angular fluctuations (wobble). Most existing SMOLM approaches rely on the engineering of single molecules’ point spread functions, which requires complex optical setups and long computational times that can be an obstacle in dense cellular environments with high detection density and challenging imaging conditions. In this work, we propose a simpler and effective method named 4polar3D, based on the estimation of single molecule intensities projected onto four polarized channels with controlled numerical apertures. This strategy enables 3D orientation measurements of single molecules within a 0-180° azimuthal range in addition to their angular range of fluctuations and their 2D localization, using a setup requiring minimal alignment complexity. It is moreover based on pure intensity-estimation, making data processing considerably faster than complex PSF shape analysis and relatively insensitive to geometrical aberrations. We demonstrate that 4polar3D can resolve nanoscale molecular organization in whole cells’ crowded structures, uncovering 3D-oriented actin filament networks in densely packed lamellipodia and podosomes.
Antenatal depression and its relationship with birth outcomes and postnatal depression in Rural India: A longitudinal study
Background Depression is the most common mental disorder among women of reproductive age, with maternal depression the second leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Despite the serious effects on both the mothers and their newborns, it is still a neglected issue. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between antenatal depressive symptoms, birth outcomes, and postnatal depression symptoms. Methods A community-based longitudinal survey was conducted among pregnant women in the rural Chatra district, Jharkhand, India, between April 2023 and February 2024. Participants were selected through multistage random sampling. We followed 246 pregnant women during their antenatal period (Phase I), and followed the same respondents (197 women) after the delivery (Phase II). The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ), translated into Hindi and validated by back-translation, was employed to assess depressive symptoms with strong internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94. Statistical analyses, including χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression, were performed to determine the association between antenatal depression (AND), birth outcomes, and postnatal depression (PND) at a 95% confidence interval, with odds ratios (OR) reported. Results The prevalence of antenatal depression was 56.05%, while postnatal depression was observed for 44.67% of the women. AND was significantly associated with caste category (OR= 4.459), mass media exposure (OR=2.392), family type (OR=3.252), multiple pregnancy (OR= 3.277), and intimate partner violence (OR= 4.424). However, no significant statistical association was found between AND and birth outcome (low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth). Birth outcomes, on the other hand, significantly contributed to PND, LBW (OR= 2.213), birth experience (OR=2.783), and family reaction to birth (OR= 4.323) being key factors. The sex of the child did not show a significant association with PND. Conclusion This study highlights the high prevalence of both AND and PND, as well as the strong association between birth outcomes and PND among women. Early detection and treatment of AND and PND are crucial for improving maternal mental health and infant development.
Catch them ALL?
Research on ultrasonic crystal removal equipment and crystal removal efficiency for tunnel drainage system pipelines
Asymmetric global urban cooling potential demands accelerated and context-specific actions
Gene expression and metadata based identification of key genes for lung cancer, COPD, and IPF using machine learning and statistical models
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally, presenting a major public health challenge. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are at a significantly higher risk of developing lung cancer. Despite developments in research, the primary molecular pathways of many disorders remain poorly understood. The current study aimed to identify potential therapeutic genes for lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) through machine learning (ML) and bioinformatics methodologies. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across three datasets utilising DESeq2 and limma, and the common genes among the DEGs from these datasets were subsequently selected. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were generated utilising STRING, and major hub genes were discerned via topological analysis. The Key hub genes, such as ETS1, MSH2, RORA, and PMAIP1, were detected. The pathways named KEGG and cancer pathway studies were conducted to evaluate their contributions to disease processes. The research included network-based methodologies, including transcription factors, GO keywords, gene–miRNA relationships, and survival data analyses, to further narrow the list of differential genes linked to LC, COPD, and IPF. The metadata for hub genes was aggregated from prior studies to integrate earlier discoveries. In the end, four key candidate genes (ETS1, MSH2, RORA, and PMAIP1) were found by intersecting the common differentially expressed genes, hub genes, major module genes, and meta-hub genes. The outcomes present a solid framework for subsequent research and therapy strategies for LC, COPD, and IPF. The potential drug compounds targeting the identified key genes are proposed, offering new avenues for the development of treatment.
Next-generation JAK inhibitors in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Abstract Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), graft-versus-host disease, and several autoimmune conditions. Although approved JAK inhibitors generally target the JAK2 kinase domain, and several also target the JAK1 kinase domain in active form (type I inhibition), new inhibitors that either exhibit a type II mechanism of inhibition of the kinase domain in an inactive state or that target the pseudokinase domain with potential preference or specificity for the JAK2 V617F mutant have progressed to clinical trials. This is the most prevalent mutation in MPNs. An ideal inhibitor would target persistently activated JAK2 in MPNs, eradicate the clone or induce deep molecular remission in addition to clinical and hematologic remission, and spare wild-type JAK2 that is critical for hematopoiesis and immune response. We discuss perspectives of these and other modes of JAK inhibition, as well as primary and secondary/exploratory study end points in clinical trial design, along with potential biomarker correlates to evaluate the potential efficacy of next-generation vs conventional JAK inhibitors.