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Diagnostic accuracy of the Picterus jaundice Pro app for neonatal jaundice: a single-center study from Turkiye
Conservation insights for the Critically Endangered Black Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia nigricans) through landscape genetics approach in South Asia
The transition from monocyte to tissue-resident macrophage requires DHPS
Abstract Tissue-resident macrophages (RTMs) form during embryogenesis, self-renew locally, and regulate tissue homeostasis by clearing dead cells and debris 1–6 . During tissue damage, however, bone-marrow-derived monocytes enter tissues and differentiate into RTMs, repairing the tissue and replenishing macrophages in the niche 1 . The universal cell-intrinsic mechanisms that control the monocyte-to-RTM transition and the maintenance of mature RTMs across tissues remain elusive 3 . Here we show that deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS), an enzyme that mediates spermidine-dependent hypusine modification of translation factor eIF5A 5,7 , is required for RTM differentiation and maintenance. Mice with myeloid cell lack of DHPS ( Dhps -ΔM mice) had a global defect in RTMs across tissues, resulting in persistent but ultimately futile monocyte influx. Transcriptional analyses of DHPS-deficient macrophages indicated a block in their ability to differentiate into mature RTMs, whereas proteomics revealed defects in cell adhesion and signalling pathways. Sequencing of ribosome-engaged transcripts identified a subset of mRNAs involved in cell adhesion and signalling that rely on DHPS for efficient translation. Imaging of DHPS-deficient macrophages in tissues showed differences in morphology and tissue interactions, which were correlated with their failed RTM differentiation. DHPS-deficient macrophages were also defective in critical homeostatic RTM functions including efferocytosis and tissue maintenance. Together, our results demonstrate a cell-intrinsic, tissue-agnostic pathway that drives differentiation of monocyte-derived macrophages into RTMs.
Potential subtype-specific alterations in gut microbiota and branched-chain amino acid metabolism in hydrogen- and methane-predominant small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
The probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC10241 inhibits wound-associated pathogens through the secretion of organic acids
Exploring the dual role of extracellular vesicles in coagulation and immune modulation in glioblastoma
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is often complicated by venous thromboembolism (VTE), primarily driven by tissue factor (TF, F3 ) and podoplanin (PDPN). These factors promote local hypercoagulation and microthrombosis, thereby contributing to tumor progression by enhancing migration, invasion, and inflammation. Both TF and PDPN can be released via extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry procoagulant and immunomodulatory cargo. We developed a translational workflow combining biobanked tumor samples, clinical data, ex vivo GBM cultures, and coagulation assays to investigate mechanisms of hypercoagulation. Intraoperative blood coagulation was profiled using ClotPro ® . Gene expression of coagulation-related markers was analyzed in tumor tissues and cell lines, complemented by RNAseq-based profiling of coagulation–inflammation links. Functional coagulation assays included clotting time, platelet aggregation, and EV-based analysis of prothrombotic and immunomodulatory activity. Peripheral coagulation in GBM patients was largely unaltered. However, tumor tissues consistently showed high F3 and PDPN expression and markedly low tissue factor pathway inhibitor ( TFPI ) levels ( p < 0.001), indicating a shift toward a procoagulant phenotype. Patient-derived GBM cell lines showed variable TF and PDPN expression, which correlated with clotting potential. Distinct procoagulant mechanisms were observed, with some cells engaging both TF-mediated thrombin generation and PDPN-driven platelet activation. EVs isolated from GBM patient plasma and culture media showed similar procoagulant characteristics, with activity proportional to TF expression, and immune-modulating effects. Notably, GBM-derived EVs modulated microglial behavior, induced senescence, and triggered immune polarization in a cell line-dependent manner, likely contributing to tumor microenvironment remodeling. GBM-associated hypercoagulability is shaped by heterogeneous tumor-intrinsic pathways and EV-mediated mechanisms. The dual role of EVs in promoting coagulation and modulating immune responses provides a mechanistic framework for further studies investigating EVs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets relevant to future thromboprophylactic strategies in GBM patients.
Environmental and microbial factors shaping SARS-CoV-2 RNA decay in wastewater: insights from batch tests and a lab-scale sewer pipeline simulator
Abstract Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) can provide early warning of outbreaks, but wastewater RNA signals may be underestimated due to analytical limitations and in-sewer attenuation driven by matrix conditions and conveyance. Using human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) as a BSL-2 surrogate to characterize coronavirus RNA decay (distinct from SARS-CoV-2), we quantified loss kinetics as a function of pH (2, 5, 7, 8), temperature (20, 30 °C), microbial abundance, suspended solids (SS; 74–216 mg L − 1 ), and transport distance. Batch tests showed that higher microbial concentrations markedly increased decay rates: in raw wastewater at 30 °C, the first-order decay constant k reached 2.21 d − 1 , whereas filtration and/or microbial suppression reduced k to 1.12–0.47 d − 1 . A lab-scale sewer pipeline simulator further showed faster decay with increasing transport distance, and faster decay in wastewater than in dechlorinated tap water at 25 °C ( k = 0.52 vs. 0.28 d − 1 ). Across the conditions evaluated, microbially mediated processes were the dominant drivers of viral RNA loss. These decay kinetics provide a basis to interpret—and, where appropriate, adjust—SARS-CoV-2 wastewater RNA measurements across diverse environmental and conveyance conditions.
Influence of navier-slip boundary conditions, magnetic field, and porous medium on the stability of two-dimensional channel flow
Abstract This study examines the linear stability of two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow through a parallel channel embedded in a porous medium under the influence of a transverse magnetic field and various slip boundary conditions. Employing the Brinkman model, the analysis integrates Navier-slip boundary formulations, including general, symmetric, and asymmetric configurations, to capture realistic surface-fluid interactions relevant to modern sustainable technologies. The modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation is solved using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method to determine velocity distributions, eigenvalues, and critical flow parameters with high numerical precision. The findings reveal that wall slip, particularly under symmetric conditions, tends to destabilise the flow by reducing wall shear stress, whereas porous resistance and asymmetric slip enhance hydrodynamic stability. An approximate 20-30% decrease in wall shear stress is related to the effect of increasing wall slope. However, the presence of a transverse magnetic field partially reduces this decrease, resulting in a 10-15% increase in wall shear stress due to magnetic damping. The role of magnetic influence and porous drag is systematically explored, offering valuable insights into optimising flow control for efficient resource utilisation, energy conservation, and environmentally responsive fluid systems. Overall, this work advances sustainable and resilient design in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy systems, microfluidic devices, and porous transport technologies. Maintaining flow stability supports cleaner industrial operations and the development of energy-efficient technologies.
Rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial communities of the endangered alpine modest primrose and their plant growth-promoting potential
Precipitation-aware sensor ecosystem modelling for performance-driven autonomous vehicle navigation
A zebrafish multimodal toolbox to study the blood-brain barrier in health and disease
Quantifying the impact of heat stress on labour productivity in outdoor workplaces in Southern India amid a changing climate
Comparative evaluation and architectural enhancement of a genetic algorithm-tuned fuzzy logic battery control in microgrid energy management
Abstract Efficient battery energy management remains a key challenge in renewable-integrated microgrids due to nonlinear battery dynamics, intermittent generation, and variable load demand. This paper investigates a fuzzy logic-based battery control strategy for a hybrid microgrid comprising photovoltaic generation, wind energy, battery energy storage, and a bidirectional grid interface. A two-phase control framework is adopted. In Phase 1, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to tune an established fuzzy logic controller under identical operating conditions previously reported for particle swarm optimization (PSO) and backtracking search algorithm (BSA) approaches, enabling a fair comparative evaluation. In Phase 2, the controller architecture is enhanced by embedding battery charge-discharge and grid import-export decisions directly within the fuzzy inference system using real-time power imbalance and state-of-charge as inputs. Simulation results show that, while GA converges more slowly than BSA, all tuning methods achieve comparable battery current and state-of-charge regulation in Phase 1. In contrast, the enhanced control architecture in Phase 2 yields more coherent energy management behavior, improved utilization of renewable energy, reduced unnecessary battery cycling, and stable electrical performance. The results demonstrate that controller architecture has a greater impact on practical microgrid energy management performance than tuning strategy alone.
A retrospective clinical risk prediction model for co‑infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with COVID‑19 based on restricted cubic splines
Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification
Abstract Insulating oxides are among the most abundant solid materials in the universe 1–3 . Of the many ways in which they influence natural phenomena, perhaps the most consequential is their capacity to transfer electrical charge during contact 4–10 —which occurs even between samples of the same oxide—yet the symmetry-breaking parameter that causes this remains unidentified 11,12 . Here we show that adventitious carbonaceous molecules adsorbed from the environment are the symmetry-breaking factor in same-material oxide contact electrification (CE). We use acoustic levitation to measure charge exchange between a sphere and a plate composed of identical amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). Although charging polarity is random for co-prepared samples, we control it with baking or plasma treatment. Observing the charge-exchange relaxation afterwards, we see dynamics over a timescale of hours and connect this directly to the presence of adventitious carbon with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, low-energy ion scattering and infrared spectroscopy. Going further, we confirm that adventitious carbon can even determine charge exchange among different oxides. Our results identify the symmetry-breaking parameter that causes insulating oxides to exchange charge in settings ranging from desert sands 4 to volcanic plumes 5,6 , while simultaneously highlighting an overlooked factor in CE more broadly.