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Balanced-state electrolytes overcome crossover in vanadium redox flow batteries

Abstract TH846: Effects of Clinical Setting and Follow-Up Interval on Echocardiographic Severity Progression in Valvular Heart Diseases

Background: Valvular heart diseases progress heterogeneously, and clinicians rely on serial echocardiography to assess stability versus progression. Transitions in reported severity between examinations are common and can reflect physiologic variability, hemodynamic loading, or timing of follow-up. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that much of the variability in echocardiographic valve-lesion severity arises from physiological and contextual factors rather than structural progression; regurgitant lesions show greater short-term variability than stenotic lesions; and inpatient examinations exhibit more dynamic grade transitions than outpatient studies. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, patient-level analysis of the EchoNotes dataset derived from MIMIC-III, encompassing 45,794 echocardiography reports from 2001–2012. For each patient and lesion type (aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation (AR), mitral stenosis (MS), mitral regurgitation (MR)), successive examinations were used to model transitions among ordinal severity states (normal, mild, moderate, severe). A multinomial transition framework estimated the probability of the next-exam grade conditional on the current grade. Transitions were stratified by follow-up interval (<7, 7–30, 30–90, ≥90 days) and care setting (inpatient vs outpatient). Primary outcomes were grade persistence and transition probabilities by lesion type; secondary analyses assessed the influence of follow-up interval and care setting. Results: Left-sided lesions were frequently evaluable (AR in 72.7% of studies, AS in 65.2%, MR in 67.8%, and MS in 37.0%). Persistence over short intervals was high (less than 30 days: 89–95%), whereas grade changes increased with longer follow-up (90 days or more: 10–18%). MR showed the greatest variability, with 42% of moderate cases changing grade beyond 90 days. AS was most stable, with more than 80% persisting at the same grade beyond three months. Inpatients had more apparent variability than outpatients (14.2% vs 9.8%, p<0.01); after standardizing for interval, differences largely attenuated except for severe AR, where inpatients were 1.4-fold more likely to improve. Conclusions: The results revealed distinct progression phenotypes that extend risk stratification beyond a single grade assignment. These insights support precision surveillance intervals and may guide earlier intervention for high-risk phenotypes while informing development of trajectory-aware clinical decision tools.

Abstract TU207: Independent and Joint Association of GLP-1 Therapy and Physical Activity with Weight Loss: Real-World Evidence from All of Us

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly prescribed for weight management, while physical activity remains a central component of lifestyle management. Evidence on their comparative and combined effects on weight in real-world populations is limited. Methods: We analyzed data from All of Us Research Program (v8), containing electronic health record and Fitbit step counts. We included 316 adults (age ≥18) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) without type 2 diabetes (T2D), weight available at baseline and 1-year follow-up, and ≥3 months of persistent GLP-1 use. Comparative analyses used a covariate-adjusted regression model (2,279 non–GLP-1 users) and a propensity score matching (293 samples per group). The primary outcome was percent change in body weight, with GLP-1 use (yes/no) and physical activity (average daily steps >5,000) as main predictors. We further examined four prespecified contrasts to evaluate the main effects of GLP-1 use and step counts, as well as their interaction. Additional analyses included step counts as a continuous variable, subgroup analyses by obesity class, and assessment of Fitbit-related selection bias by comparing the cohort to those without Fitbit data. Results: Mean age was 53.3 years (SD 12.6); 73% female, 70% white, and 88.4% non-Hispanic. Mean one-year weight loss was 5% (SD = 8.7%); 47% achieved ≥ 5% loss and 25% achieved ≥ 10%. The greatest reduction was observed among individuals with higher step counts in addition to GLP-1 therapy (mean: 6.1%, 95% CI: 4.3-8.0) after propensity score matching on age, sex, race and baseline BMI. GLP-1 use and step counts were independently associated with weight loss, with no significant interaction effect. Higher step counts, higher baseline BMI and White race (vs. Black) were significant predictors of weight loss. In contrast to clinical trials, real-world data show higher BMI is linked to less weight loss, possibly due to lower activity or unmeasured lifestyle factors. No major selection bias was detected from Fitbit data availability. Conclusions: Both GLP-1 therapy and physical activity were independently associated with clinically meaningful weight reduction at one year. Physical activity may add further benefit to GLP-1 use. This would support the complementary roles of lifestyle and pharmacological strategies in obesity management.

Fusion of residual networks and hybrid attention mechanism for high accuracy cultivated land mapping in northeast china’s black soil region using planet imagery

Vascular invasion-associated gene expression is detectable in pre-surgical biopsies of stage I lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract Microscopic vascular invasion (VI) predicts recurrence and benefit from lobectomy in stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) but cannot be accurately predicted before surgery. Thus, biomarkers that identify this aggressive tumor subset are needed. Here, we show that VI in stage I LUAD is associated with reproducible gene expression programs detectable beyond the invasive focus. Using bulk RNA sequencing of 162 resected tumors and spatial transcriptomics in a subset, we identify and characterize a VI-associated gene signature. A predictor derived from this signature is associated with VI and recurrence in an independent validation cohort and is robust to intra-tumor heterogeneity in multiregional sampling data. In a cohort of pre-surgical biopsies, predictor scores correlate with matched resections and show promising discrimination of VI. These findings indicate that VI-associated transcriptional changes extend across the tumor and are detectable in limited biopsy material, supporting further validation for preoperative risk stratification in stage I LUAD.

Abstract MPTH60: Decentralized Hypertension Care Delivered by Non-physician Health Workers in Rural Bangladesh: Results of the CB-HEARTS Pilot Study

Background: In rural Bangladesh, there are several challenges to improving hypertension treatment coverage and control, particularly the scarcity of physicians and centralized delivery of hypertension care, which requires patients to travel a long distance to healthcare facilities (Upazila Health Complexes [UHC]). Aim: To assess the feasibility of implementing a community-based (CB) WHO HEARTS package involving non-physician health workers (Community Healthcare Providers [CHCP]) to diagnose and treat patients with hypertension in Community Clinics (CC) under telemedicine supervision and guidance of a UHC physician. Methods: This single-arm pilot study was conducted in four CCs in rural Bangladesh among adults with untreated hypertension [blood pressure (BP) 140-180/90-110 mmHg]. The CB-HEARTS package intervention components were 1) simplified treatment protocol, 2) reliable medication supply, 3) team-based care, 4) standardized follow-up, and 5) an information system to track patients’ BP control. Through teleconsultancy, CHCPs communicated with designated UHC physicians to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension and initiate treatment with amlodipine 5 or 10 mg/day in the CC. Patients with controlled BP (<140/90 mmHg) during follow-up were provided a 3-month medication refill. Patients with complications or uncontrolled BP after medication titration according to the treatment protocol were referred to the UHC. Enrollment and retention rates were primary outcomes, and BP change and hypertension control were secondary. Results: Of 244 who were eligible, 220 (90.2%) individuals with hypertension were enrolled (mean age 56±13.8 years, 76% female). Overall, 97% of enrolled participants started medication treatment. Retention rates at the CC were 88%, 88%, and 85% at 3, 6-12, and 12-18 months, respectively ( Table ). Mean systolic/diastolic BP was 153/92 mmHg at enrollment. BP was lowered by ~35 mmHg systolic and ~18 mmHg diastolic ( Figure ) over 18 months of follow-up. The hypertension control rate was ~98% during the follow-up among patients retained in the program. Conclusions: This pilot study indicates decentralized hypertension care delivered by non-physician health workers through remote supervision of physicians is feasible to implement and may considerably improve hypertension control in rural Bangladesh. A randomized trial to test the safety, effectiveness, and acceptability is warranted.

Abstract 07: Intergenerational Socioeconomic Mobility and Life’s Essential 8 Cardiovascular Health

Background: Intergenerational socioeconomic mobility—a core measure of opportunity in American society—has declined in recent decades, yet its relationship with cardiovascular health (CVH) remains unclear. We investigated the association between intergenerational socioeconomic mobility and Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) CVH and assessed heterogeneities by race and sex. Methods: We analyzed 9,979 participants (27.5% Black, 54.5% women; mean age 63.3 years) from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study with complete data on childhood and adult socioeconomic status (SES). Parental SES was derived from education and material assets; adult SES combined education and income. Intergenerational mobility was classified into nine childhood–adulthood SES categories. LE8 scores (0–100) were computed as the mean of eight AHA LE8 components. We applied the Mobility Contrast Model (MCM) to estimate independent effects of upward and downward mobility on total and component LE8 scores by removing the impact of childhood and adulthood SES, adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, and region. Results: Participants stably high in SES had the most favorable mean LE8 (69.0), whereas those with stably low SES had the poorest (56.8). Upwardly mobile individuals had higher mean LE8 (64.7) than those downwardly mobile (61.8). In MCM analyses, upward and downward mobility effects on total LE8 were modest and not statistically significant, but downward mobility was associated with lower blood glucose (β = −3.8 [−6.7, −0.9]) and higher BMI (β = −2.1 [−4.0, −0.2]). Significant interaction effects indicated that upward mobility conferred smaller CVH benefits for Black participants and women compared with White men, especially for diet, smoking, and diabetes scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although stable high SES was consistently linked to ideal CVH, mobility effects were heterogeneous and dependent on race and sex. Upward mobility did not uniformly translate into improved LE8 health, suggesting unequal health returns to social ascent. Findings underscore the need for policies addressing both cardiovascular inequities and the structural barriers limiting equitable health gains from socioeconomic mobility.

Risk of bleeding in transbronchial biopsies in patients with pulmonary hypertension

Abstract This study aimed to identify key risk factors associated with bleeding after transbronchial biopsies in patients living in Bogotá, Colombia (2,640 m above sea level). A retrospective cohort study was conducted in adult patients who underwent bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies. Postbronchoscopy bleeding was classified according to the British Thoracic Society criteria. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationships between the variables and postbronchoscopy bleeding. Among 208 participants (54.3% male, median age 69 years, IQR 56–77), bleeding occurred in 78 procedures (37.5%), most of which were mild (76.9%). A moderate to high probability of pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography was found in 31.2% of patients; a high probability of pulmonary hypertension on computed tomography scan was found in 66.8% of patients. No significant associations were found between bleeding risk and a moderate to high probability of pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.28–2.15; p  = 0.896) or a high probability on computed tomography (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.29–1.49; p  = 0.848). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with postbronchoscopy bleeding (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.26–6.19; p  = 0.012). The results support that the probability of pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography or computed tomography is not associated with postbronchoscopy bleeding but suggest that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a relevant factor to consider.

Anterior cingulate neurons combine outcome monitoring of past decisions with ongoing movement signals

Abstract In dynamic environments, animals must closely monitor the effects of their actions to inform switches in behavioral strategy. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons track decision outcomes in these environments. Yet, it remains unclear whether ACC neurons similarly monitor behavioral history in static environments and, if so, whether these signals are distinct from movement representations. We recorded large-scale ACC activity in freely moving mice making visual evidence-accumulation decisions. Many ACC neurons exhibited nonlinear mixed selectivity for previous choices and outcomes (trial history) and were modulated by movements. Trial history could be stably decoded from population activity and accounted for a separable component of neural activity than posture and movements. Trial history encoding was conserved across different subjects and was unaffected by fluctuating behavioral biases. These findings demonstrate that trial history monitoring in ACC is implemented in a conserved population code that is independent of the volatility of subjects’ task environment.

Abstract TH955: Framingham as Benchmark: Convergence of a Literature-Based Modular Model for Ten-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk

Background: The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is a foundational tool for estimating ten-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and is widely used in preventive cardiology. However, the FRS’s fixed coefficients limit adaptability to changing demographics and evolving epidemiology. Flexible literature-based methods may preserve alignment with FRS while allowing recalibration from contemporary evidence. Objectives: To determine whether a modular literature-based risk model can (1) replicate FRS estimates when supplied with identical inputs, and (2) maintain comparable performance when populated with contemporary epidemiological inputs. Methods: A synthetic cohort of 10,000 adults (48% male; ages 30–74) was simulated to reflect Framingham characteristics. Synthetic data ensured precise control of covariates and enabled a direct one to one comparison of calculators without bias from missingness, competing outcomes, or unmeasured factors. Risk factors included age, sex, blood pressure, cholesterol (total or LDL), HDL, diabetes, and smoking. Two conditions were tested: (1) FRS aligned using original covariate definitions and published coefficients and (2) contemporary using updated relative risks and population prevalences from recent peer reviewed research. Agreement with FRS was assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlations, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman analysis, and ANCOVA adjusted for age and sex. Results: With FRS inputs, convergence was high (total cholesterol: r=.95, ρ=.94, and ICC=.83; LDL: r=.94, ρ=.92, ICC=.81). With contemporary inputs, convergence remained strong (total cholesterol: r=.87, ρ=.86, ICC=.81; LDL: r=.85, ρ=.86, ICC=.80 for LDL). Limits of agreement were narrower among women (±5%) than men (±6%) and modestly wider with advancing age (<50 years ±2%, >70 years ±5%). Conclusions: A modular literature-based framework can faithfully reproduce FRS predictions under shared assumptions while flexibly incorporating updated epidemiological data. This approach offers a transparent and updatable alternative to fixed coefficient risk tools and may support more responsive preventive cardiology. Prospective validation against clinical outcomes is recommended.

Abstract WE509: Dietary patterns in the general Asian American population: A scoping review

Background: Asian American populations are underrepresented within dietary programs and nutrition-specific funding, and existing information amongst Asian American communities have primarily focused on certain ethnic groups or those with pre-existing health conditions. There is a gap in published literature providing an overview of the food groups Asian American populations without non-communicable diseases consume. We aim to provide a comprehensive mapping of Asian American dietary patterns in the United States (U.S.) within existing literature. Methods: A scoping review was conducted from December 2023 to December 2024. Research databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CABI Digital Library, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, ProQuest Dissertations) were searched to identify articles published since 2000 that described food group consumption of Asian American populations. A total of 1,486 articles were independently screened by three reviewers leaving 165 articles for inclusion in this review. An additional 14 grey literature sources were separately included for information on traditional Asian diets. Key findings (population and geographic focus, dataset, food group outcome, study limitations and recommendations) were extracted and summarized in narrative form. Results: Within the literature, Asian American diets are characterized by consumption of refined grains such as white rice and noodles and varied protein sources including plant-based options. Dairy intake in Asian American communities was lower than in the general U.S. population. Filipino, Hmong, Korean, and Vietnamese groups had lower fruit and vegetable consumption. Recommendations for improving diets in Asian American communities emphasize culturally-tailored nutrition education that respects traditional diets, promotes whole grain substitutions, and adopts family-focused approaches. Future research efforts in Asian American diet and nutrition should better understand meal-sharing practices and cooking methods. Conclusions: Identifying broad insights in Asian American dietary consumption lay an essential framework for developing recommendations and interventions to address dietary behaviors contributing to diet-related disease burden amongst the Asian American population.

Advanced analysis and detection of cervical cancer using NASNetLarge

IgA autoantibodies promote inflammation, Th17 polarization and fibrotic responses in hidradenitis suppurativa

Abstract Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with complex immune dysregulation. While previous studies have reported tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and IgA-producing B cells in HS skin lesions, the pathogenic role of IgA autoantibodies remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we demonstrate that lesional skin from patients with HS exhibits elevated expression of IGHA1, IGHA2, and J chain, as confirmed by qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analyses. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified local plasma cells and B cells as the primary source of IgA. Autoantigen profiling revealed a diverse repertoire of IgA autoantibodies targeting nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane antigens, with levels correlating with disease severity and other clinical manifestations. We identified IgA autoantibodies binding to CD68⁺ macrophages, which induced secretion of TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β and upregulated inflammasome and profibrotic pathways. Anti-neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) IgA was elevated in HS and promoted NET formation, establishing a pathogenic feedback loop. NET–IgA immune complexes induced macrophages to secrete CCL18, driving collagen production by fibroblasts and promoting a type I interferon (IFN) gene signature. IgA immune complexes presented by myeloid dendritic cells activated CD4⁺ T cells, triggering IFN-γ production and further amplifying local inflammation. Notably, supernatants from macrophages exposed to IgA were able to polarize naïve CD4⁺ T cells toward a Th17 phenotype, linking innate immune activation to the expansion of pathogenic adaptive immune responses. Direct exposure of fibroblasts to NET–IgA complexes triggered expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and regulators of adaptive immunity. Together, these findings uncover a role for IgA autoantibodies in HS, implicating them as central drivers of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and immune crosstalk across neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and T cells.

Abstract TH831: Association of food security status with healthcare utilization in HRTSA (Heart FailuRe Transitional Care Services for Adults) Clinic Patients

Background: In the United States, heart failure (HF) mortality is associated with the food environment, among other area-level measures of social risk. The HRTSA Clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham serves vulnerable adults with HF and high social risk. We sought to explore the relationship of food security status on healthcare utilization in this unique population. Methods: Patients with HF referred to the HRTSA Clinic who were screened for food insecurity status were included. Complete data on demographics, neighborhood social vulnerability index (SVI), and health care encounters (2013-2023) were extracted from the health record. The exposure of interest was food insecurity at Visit 1 based on the validated Hunger Vital Sign, a two-item food insecurity screening tool utilized at the clinic. The outcomes of interest were number of inpatient encounters (IE), number of emergency room encounters (EE), defined as any encounter in the ER that resulted in discharge without inpatient admission, and total number of encounters. Total encounter number was defined as the sum of IE and EE. Both unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the odds ratio of health care encounters for those with food insecurity versus those that were food secure. Results: Of the 1155 patients referred to HRTSA, 630 patients had complete data and were included in this analysis. For the entire population, the median number of EE was 3, median number of IE was 2, and mean time of observation was 3.96 ± 2.98 years. Patients were similar between groups in SVI score, but differed in rurality, number of food security screenings, and number of changes in food security status. In the unadjusted logistic regression model, being food insecure was associated with having more than 4 total healthcare encounters than being food secure. This association persists when adjusted for sex, insurance status, race, age, and rurality (Table 1). Conclusion: Food insecurity is an important measure of social risk and is associated with increased healthcare utilization among underserved patients with HF, even in adjusted analysis. Additionally, patients in rural communities with high social risk have a higher likelihood of food insecurity, influencing their increased healthcare utilization and providing a target for future community-based interventions.

Abstract 01: An Atlas of Circulating Metabolites Associated with Incident Coronary Heart Disease in ~23,000 Racially and Ethnically Diverse Adults

Background: A comprehensive, replicated atlas of circulating metabolites for incident coronary heart disease (CHD) across race diverse populations is lacking and metabolite signatures of early-onset CHD remain largely unidentified. Methods: We conducted a two-stage metabolome wide-association analysis using Cox regression model for incident CHD, with discovery analyses in 22,742 CHD-free individuals with 1245 blood metabolites profiled from 7 multi-ethnic cohorts (1,124 incident cases over 7.5~17.0 yrs of follow-up) in TOPMed, and replication analyses in 32,615 CHD-free individuals from 7 multi-ethnic cohorts (3,365 incident cases over 7.5~19.3 years) (Fig1.a). Random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool results from each cohort in these two stages. We further evaluated the associations of identified metabolites with incident CHD diagnosed at different ages. Results: We identified 189 metabolites (FDR<0.05) associated with incident CHD, with 127 metabolites (p<0.05) replicated (Fig1.b). Over 90% of these replicated metabolites showed positive associations, with the majority belonging to glycerolipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, fatty acids, lactoyl amino acid, histidine, aromatic amino acids, branched amino acids (Fig1.b). In the Study of Latinos (SOL, n=13,322), 14 out of these 127 metabolites were associated with incident CHD diagnosed before age 50 yrs (FDR<0.05; Fig1.c), including the known atherogenic metabolites (e.g., cholesterol, fibrinopeptide A), harmful microbial derived trimethylamine N−oxide, sugar sweeteners (e.g., mannitol/sorbitol, erythritol), markers of insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress (e.g., mannose, erythronate, gluconate, suberoylcarnitine), and novel metabolites not previously linked to CHD (e.g., C−glycosyltryptophan, hydroxymalonate, and methyl glucopyranoside). Further, associations of these metabolites with CHD diagnosed at younger age tend to be stronger than those with late-onset cases (e.g., the hazard ratio per SD increase in mannose decreased from 4.4 for CHD diagnosed at age 45 to 1.5 for case diagnosed at age 65; Fig1.d). Adding metabolites to conventional risk factors improved AUC of CHD risk prediction from 0.78 to 0.84 (p<0.001) (Fig1.e). Conclusion: We provide the most comprehensive, replicated, multi-ethnic atlas of circulating metabolites for incident CHD, identify a set of early-onset CHD metabolite markers, and demonstrate significant gains in CHD risk prediction with identified metabolites.

Stability and robustness of minimal majority vote interpretable ensembles

Abstract Minimal majority-vote ensembles are attractive for interpretability, yet minimality can induce solution multiplicity and instability. We study stability and robustness of minimal majority-vote ensembles of decision stumps. We define three complementary metrics: multiplicity rate, bootstrap stability (mean pairwise Jaccard similarity of minimal solutions), and feature-flip robustness. We introduce reproducible stability/robustness metrics for minimal ensembles and evaluate them on synthetic benchmarks (binary $$d=8$$ –10, $$n=10$$ –500) together with a curated binarized UCI suite. MILP-based solvers confirm that the observed stability/robustness trends persist at larger samples ( n up to 500). Minimal solutions consistently fit the data yet exhibit low bootstrap stability and high multiplicity in low-sample regimes, while robustness degrades gradually with feature noise. On real datasets and broader UCI pilots, minimal ensembles remain accurate but are sensitive to perturbations unless stability is explicitly considered. Our study highlights the practical importance of reporting stability alongside size for interpretable models. Revision analyses add bootstrap-size sensitivity ( $$B=5,20,50$$ ), randomized tie-breaking over multiple minima, label-noise sweeps (5–10%), and candidate-cap checks for conjunction pools; these confirm that minimality-only selection can yield brittle explanations in high-stakes settings.

Abstract 19: Vegetable Intake and Coronary Heart Disease Risk: Discovery, Replication, and Application of Food Biomarkers

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the associations between total, subgroup, and individual vegetable intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk using objective biomarkers of specific vegetables. Hypothesis: Urinary biomarkers reflecting specific vegetable intake can be identified in an observational study setting and may predict CHD risk. Methods: Using untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) metabolomics and 7-day diet record data from 1,209 participants in the Lifestyle Validation Study, we used the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) to construct urinary multi-feature indices for total and subgroup vegetable intake. Index replication was performed in an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Two-part models were used to identify features specifically associated with individual vegetable intake. Associations of urinary features with CHD risk were examined using conditional logistic regression in nested case-control studies within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and HCHS/SOL (652 matched pairs). Results: Among the 589 NMR features, LASSO selected 9 to 55 features to construct urinary indices reflecting the intake of total vegetables, legumes, starchy vegetables [SVs], non-starchy vegetables, dark-green vegetables, and red/orange vegetables, respectively. These indices showed moderate correlations with their respective intakes (Pearson r = 0.31-0.49; Figure ), except for SV ( r = 0.20). Indices for total and most subgroups, except for red/orange and SVs, were externally replicated, with de-attenuated r ranging from 0.27 to 0.49. Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for CHD risk per 1-SD increase in urinary indices were 0.88 (0.77-0.99) for total vegetables including potatoes, 0.92 (0.81-1.04) excluding potatoes, 0.88 (0.77-1.00) for legumes, 0.83 (0.75-0.93) for non-starchy vegetables, and 0.81 (0.73-0.91) for dark-green vegetables. For NMR features reflecting specific vegetable intake, the strongest correlations were found for S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide and levulinate with Brussels sprout intake, with r of 0.48 and 0.41 among consumers. Both features were associated with a lower CHD risk. Conclusions: Urinary biomarkers for the intake of total, subgroup, and individual vegetables were identified and replicated across free-living populations. Higher biomarker-assessed intake of total vegetables, legumes, and non-starchy vegetables was associated with a lower CHD risk.

Abstract TU275: Life course maternal partnership and women’s health in the United States: a cohort comparison study of NLSY79 and NLSY97

Introduction: Single motherhood is the second main household arrangement in the United States (U.S.). However, little is known about the lasting effects of single motherhood on the cardiovascular health of midlife women. We hypothesized worse cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index- BMI, sleep duration, and depressive symptoms) for women who experienced long-term single motherhood, and that this association varies by U.S. cohorts due to different historical contexts. Methods: We used data from 2,320 and 1,386 mothers aged 15 to 37 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 1979 and 1997 cohorts. Maternal partnership was defined as whether the woman was in a union or not, and had a child or not, at each follow-up year. BMI (continuous), depressive symptoms (continuous), and inadequate sleep duration (no/yes) were used as outcomes. Sleep duration inadequacy was defined as <7 or >9 hours. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. We used sequence analysis with a hierarchical cluster method to identify clusters of maternal partnership. We performed multivariate linear and logistic models to assess the association between long-term single motherhood and women’s health, adjusting for year of birth, race/ethnicity, education, number of children, and total family income. Results: The three clusters identified in both cohorts were long-term single mothers, long-term partnered mothers, and long-term single or partnered women without a child. Long-term single mothers represented 18.8% and 23.6% of the NLSY79 and NLSY97 cohorts, respectively. The association between long-term single motherhood and BMI was not independent of sociodemographic factors and depressive symptoms (Table 1). Long-term single motherhood was associated with sleep inadequacy independently of sociodemographic factors, but not of depressive symptoms (Table 2). Long-term single motherhood was associated with higher depressive symptoms (Table 3). The findings were similar for both cohorts. Conclusions: Independent of shifting historical context, single motherhood has long-term effects on women’s health, particularly on sleep duration and depressive symptoms. As single motherhood is rising as one of the main household arrangements in the U.S., these findings may have meaningful implications for public policies related to women’s health.

Integrative study of the rare Incarvillea potaninii (Bignoniaceae) in Mongolia: conservation, comparative plastome, distribution modelling, phylogeny, and taxonomic insights

Abstract 21: Effect of a DASH-style diet and sodium reduction on kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized crossover feeding trial

Background: There is limited evidence from clinical trials on dietary strategies for kidney health in people with type 2 diabetes. Objective: We aimed to test the effect of a DASH-style diet and sodium reduction, alone and combined, on kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes in a randomized 4-period crossover feeding trial. Methods: In the DASH4D trial, adults with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a sequence of 4 interventions, each for a period of 5 weeks: 1) a DASH-style diet modified for diabetes with lower sodium (1500 mg/day at 2000 kcal, to align with American Heart Association recommendations), 2) a DASH-style diet with higher sodium (3700 mg/day at 2000 kcal), 3) a typical American diet with lower sodium, and 4) a typical American diet with higher sodium (reference). Participants were provided with all meals and snacks during the intervention periods and calories were adjusted for weight maintenance. We estimated the effect of diet on log-transformed urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, CKD-Epi equation) using linear mixed effects regression with a random intercept for participants and adjustment for order. Results: There were 101 participants with mean age 67 years, 65% female, 88% were Black adults, 92% with overweight or obesity, and mean systolic blood pressure 135 mmHg. Mean (standard deviation) eGFR was 80 (19) mL/min/1.73 m 2 and median UACR (25 th , 75 th percentile) was 6.9 (4.0, 14.0) mg/g. Relative to the typical American diet with higher sodium, the DASH4D diet with lower sodium significantly reduced UACR (p=0.01) ( Figure ). eGFR was significantly reduced by the DASH4D diet with lower sodium (p<0.001) and the typical American diet with lower sodium (p=0.001) compared to the typical American diet with higher sodium. The mean difference between sodium interventions in UACR was -1.2 mg/g (95%CI -2.2, -0.3; p=0.01) and in eGFR was -2.3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (95%CI -3.5, -1.0; p<0.001). Conclusion: A DASH-style diet and sodium reduction decreased kidney damage (UACR) in people with type 2 diabetes, primarily by sodium reduction. The eGFR reduction was likely due to acute hemodynamic changes, which previously has been associated with favorable long-term effects on kidney function.