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Generation of Naphthalenediimide(II) Dianion in a Solid‐State Regular π‐Stacked Electron‐Donor/Acceptor Coordination Polymer Enabled by Photochemistry
ABSTRACT Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) for the generation of the naphthalenediimide dianion (NDI 2 − ) in a solid‐state, regular π‐stacked electron donor/acceptor coordination polymer (D‐A CP) is described, representing the first report of the photochemically driven synthesis of NDI 2 − in a solid‐state D‐A CP. Photoinduced one‐step two‐electron transfer and consecutive PET (conPET) events, as well as the formation of NDI 2 − , are realized under UV light (<365 nm) and visible light (>420 nm), respectively. Extensive experimental evidence and computational models confirm that the well‐matched electronic energy levels between the electron donor (D) and acceptor (A), combined with the regular D‐A‐D‐A π‐stacked supramolecular interactions, facilitate these unprecedented PET events, which further endow the D‐A CP with important semiconductor properties, including photocurrent generation and photo responsive behavior
Zinc- and fluoride-containing bioactive glass enhances angiogenesis-mediated bone regeneration via M2d macrophage activation
Abstract Angiogenesis is crucial for bone regeneration because it supplies oxygen and nutrients to developing tissues. Immune cells, particularly macrophages, play an important role in regulating vascularization. The M2d macrophage subtype, which is phenotypically similar to tumor-associated macrophages, is characterized by high vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression; however, its role in regenerative angiogenesis and bone regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we developed a zinc- and fluoride-containing phosphate-based bioactive glass (ZFBG) by incorporating ZnO, CaF 2 , and Al 2 O 3 into a phosphate glass network. Compared with conventional silicate-based bioactive glass (BG45S5), ZFBG exhibited superior ion release and solubility under physiological conditions. In vitro, ZFBG polarized macrophages toward the VEGF-producing M2d phenotype, and conditioned media from these macrophages significantly enhanced endothelial cell migration. In a mouse calvarial defect model, ZFBG increased M2d macrophage accumulation, CD31 + neovascularization, bone volume, and bone mineral density relative to BG45S5. ZFBG showed minimal direct effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, suggesting that its proangiogenic effects are primarily macrophage mediated. Collectively, these findings suggest that ZFBG is associated with enhanced angiogenesis-related bone regeneration, potentially through modulation of VEGF-producing macrophages, and highlight the promise of ion-releasing bioactive glasses for immune-mediated bone repair.
Effects of external radiation dose on pediatric peripheral blood components after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Fukushima Health Management Survey
Unveiling Zeolite‐Confined Aromatic‐Water Dynamic Interplay in Methanol‐to‐Olefins Catalysis
ABSTRACT Water‐induced structural dynamics of zeolite framework have been extensively explored in binary model systems comprising only water and zeolites. However, under practical zeolite catalytic systems, water coexists with organic guest molecules within the confined microporous environment, giving rise to dynamical and multicomponent host–guest interactions. Combining in situ spectroscopic characterization with theoretical calculations, this study unveils, at the molecular level, the dynamic ternary interplay among zeolite, confined aromatics, and water during SAPO‐34‐catalyzed methanol‐to‐olefins (MTO) reaction. The confined aromatics generated in situ spatially and electronically modify the zeolite framework, forming a molecular shield that protects the zeolite framework from hydrolytic attack. More importantly, water acts as a molecular scissor, continuously trimming the alkyl side‐chains of confined aromatics, thereby retarding their polycyclic growth while promoting the efficient and sustained formation of light olefins. Across a series of eight‐membered‐ring (8‐MR) zeolites (SAPO‐34, SAPO‐18, and SSZ‐13), co‐feeding water results in an orders‐of‐magnitude enhancement of catalyst lifetime while maintaining stable olefin production. The dynamic cooperative interplay among zeolite, confined aromatics, and water governs the framework stability and catalytic longevity during MTO conversion. This mechanistic insight extends the conceptual boundaries of zeolite host–guest chemistry and opens new avenues for harnessing the beneficial role of water in zeolite catalysis.
Shared expectations of soft haptic feedback through imagined high-fives with robots and non-human animals at a science festival
Intelligent energy management of coordinated community microgrid systems using metaheuristic optimization and deep learning
Sustainable multifaceted HPLC approach for concurrent quantitation of an octa-mixture used in upper respiratory therapy with a five-dimensional sustainability assessment
Abstract Upper respiratory tract disorders are seriously prevalent disorders that impact people daily all over the world. Antipyretics, analgesics, bronchodilators, antitussives, expectorants, mucolytics, antihistamines, and antibiotics are among the pharmacological classes that are often administered either alone or in combination to treat and manage the symptoms attributed to upper respiratory tract disorders. In the rising era of green analytical chemistry, the development of broad, multi-analyte analytical techniques that can separate and quantify numerous pharmacologically related substances simultaneously is becoming of increasing significance. This work introduces a new, concise, accurate, and robust high performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection approach for the simultaneous assay of eight substances, namely; Albuterol, Erdosteine, Paracetamol, Amoxicillin, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin and two of the most frequently encountered preservatives that are incorporated in upper respiratory tract medications; Methyl and Propyl Parabens in their bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. An Inertsil octadecyl silane-3 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column and a gradient mobile phase system consisting of methanol and 0.025 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 4) were employed to achieve the separation. Chromatograms were detected at 225 nm for Albuterol and Chlorpheniramine, 230 nm for Guaifenesin and Amoxicillin, 236 nm for Erdosteine, 250 nm for Paracetamol, and 256 nm for Methyl and Propyl Parabens using the diode array detector. The suggested approach was successfully verified in compliance with the International Council for Harmonization guidelines with low values of percentage relative error and percentage relative standard deviation (< 2%) and strong correlation coefficients (> 0.9991), demonstrating its good accuracy, precision and linearity. Additionally, an in-depth five-sided examination was conducted to demonstrate the suggested method’s greenness, blueness, violet innovation and sustainability profiles using the analytical GREEnness metric, analytical eco-scale, blue applicability grade index, click analytical chemistry index, violet innovation grade index and white analytical chemistry assessment metrics. This work represents the establishment of a broad spectrum, multianalyte, versatile methodology that would provide an indispensable asset for quality control laboratories in terms of its affordability, speed, sensitivity, and sustainability.
Calves fed more milk prioritise play over feeding in a hole-board test
Abstract Dairy calves are typically feed-restricted. Depending on its severity, hunger can improve or impair animals’ cognitive abilities, but the effect of chronic feed restriction on calf cognition remains underexplored. We used a spatial foraging task (hole-board test) to assess whether chronic feed restriction impairs cognitive performance in dairy calves provided 6 L/day of milk (restricted) compared to calves provided up to 12 L/day (enhanced). Calves had to recall 4 milk reward locations among 15 possibilities; locations remained constant for 14 trials (initial learning), and were then changed and kept constant for 6 trials (re-learning). We measured calves’ ability to remember locations already visited within trials (working and general working memory) and recall reward locations between trials (reference memory). We also measured play behaviour to explore trade-offs between foraging and playing in the testing arena (larger than calves’ home-pen). Restricted calves had better working and reference memory, shorter latencies to reach the first bucket, and completed trials faster, indicating higher food motivation. Enhanced calves were less motivated to engage in the test but played more than restricted ones. This highlights how hunger can shift priorities to foraging. Future research should explore trade-offs between important behaviours like play and feeding to understand the value calves place on different activities.
HF-NeRF: UAV remote sensing image reconstruction via height-augmented representation and frequency-adaptive sampling
Captodative Radicals Coupling Into Homochiral Molecular Nanotubes With Conglomerate Crystallization
ABSTRACT Chiral macrocycles featuring cyclic skeletons, intrinsic chiral cavities, and unique guest binding properties have aroused considerable interest due to their promising applications in enantioselective recognition, asymmetric catalysis, et al. Nevertheless, the design and synthesis of new chiral macrocyclic architectures remain a highly desired yet challenging task. In this work, we present the construction of an unprecedented homochiral molecular nanotube 1 , self‐assembled via reversible radical coupling from an achiral C 2 ‐symmetric semirigid monomer decorated with four dicyanomethyl radicals. X‐ray crystallographic studies reveal that the tetraradical monomers undergo narcissistic chiral self‐assembly, transferring conformational chirality from the monomeric building blocks to the resulting tube‐shaped trimeric macrocycle 1 , thereby affording homochirality. Notably, racemic 1 undergoes conglomerate crystallization from solution, yielding a pair of enantiomers ( P , P , P ,‐ 1 and M , M , M ,‐ 1 ), evidenced by x‐ray crystallography and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The dynamic nature of the radical‐based covalent bonds endows the system with solvent‐ and thermal‐responsive properties, as well as unique electrochemical redox behavior. This work introduces a new paradigm for constructing stimuli‐responsive chiral macrocyclic structures through radical‐mediated dynamic covalent chemistry.
Comparative efficacy of different modes of exercise on inflammatory markers in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analyses
Daily briefing: 14 things PhD students liked hearing from their supervisors
Influence of niobium substitution on the structural stability and electrochemical properties of spinel lithium nickel manganese oxide
How I harness research to inform humanitarian relief efforts
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to elucidate key genes and signaling pathways involved in the promotion of periodontitis by hypertension
Abstract To identify key genes and metabolites that promote the progression of periodontitis in the context of hypertension through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Rat models of periodontitis and periodontitis combined with hypertension were established, with healthy rats serving as the control group. Periodontal tissues from each group were collected for transcriptomic and metabolomic sequencing. Subsequently, differential genes and metabolites were analyzed in the periodontitis with hypertension group compared to the control group, as well as in the periodontitis with hypertension group compared to the periodontitis group. Gene Ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed, and a joint analysis of differential genes and metabolites was conducted. A total of 631 differential mRNAs and 67 differential metabolites were identified in the periodontitis with hypertension group compared to the control group. The differential genes and metabolites were mainly enriched in the pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. In the periodontitis with hypertension group compared to the periodontitis group, 135 differential mRNAs and 24 differential metabolites were identified. The differential genes and metabolites were primarily enriched in the pathways of arginine biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Citrulline significantly suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in gingival fibroblasts. Hypertension may promote the development of periodontitis by altering interferon-inducible genes and the arginine metabolism-related pathway. Citrulline represents a potential therapeutic option for periodontitis.