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Classification of mushrooms based on AWPF-ResNet18
Edible mushrooms are widely enjoyed around the world for their unique flavor and rich nutrients. However, harvesting them carries the risk of accidentally picking poisonous varieties, leading to poisoning upon consumption. Edible mushrooms require classification during cultivation as well. This study presents AWPF-ResNet18, a ResNet18-based classification model that incorporates an Adaptive Window Pyramid Fusion (AWPF) module. AWPF performs dynamic multi-scale feature fusion and uses a Dynamic Swin Window module (DSW) with variable window sizes to refine downsampled features, thereby mitigating semantic information loss during downsampling. The model adaptively focused on targets of varying sizes within images, and achieved significant performance in the classification tasks with differentiate sizes. Experimental results show that incorporating the AWPF module improves the performance of the model over the original Residual Network 18 (ResNet18), with accuracy (Acc), macro precision (MP), macro F1-score (MF), and macro recall (MR) increasing by 2.5%, 7.5%, 5%, and 2%, respectively. Moreover, compared with current state-of-the-art classification models, the proposed design achieves varying degrees of improvement across relevant performance metrics. Multiple comparative experiments were conducted to validate its effectiveness. In summary, the AWPF-ResNet18 model demonstrates outstanding performance in edible mushroom classification tasks, offering an effective technical approach for the safe identification and categorization of mushrooms, and thus holds significant practical value.
Deep-sea mining mustn’t go ahead until there are baseline data
Application of ultrasound biomicroscopy in ocular trauma caused by chestnut-burr spines
Topological defects lead to energy transfer in active nematics
Application of optimal power point tracking technology in distributed grid-connected photovoltaic systems
To enhance the power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) generation systems, this paper presents a distributed grid-connected PV system integrated with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The system design involves the selection of PV modules, the construction of distributed PV cell and battery models, and the design of the inverter. On this basis, the maximum power point (MPP) of the distributed grid-connected PV system is determined using an MPPT algorithm. A controller is implemented to regulate the DC voltage, and an MPPT model based on a radial basis function (RBF) neural network is established to capture the nonlinear relationship between input parameters – such as ambient temperature and irradiance – and the maximum power point. Under non-uniform irradiation conditions, the ant colony algorithm is employed for global optimization, and an iterative control mechanism is used to enhance the overall power generation performance, thereby optimizing PV power conversion efficiency and accomplishing the design of the MPPT function. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can generate 90 W of power, accurately track the MPP of the PV grid-connected system under varying irradiance conditions, and achieve a nearly 100% fit between the estimated and actual MPP values across different time points. The maximum power point tracking error is controlled within 2.5%, indicating high tracking accuracy and improved power generation capability of the distributed grid-connected photovoltaic system.
China discontinues prominent journal ranking list
Temporal trends in cardiovascular disease and diabetes prevalence in the United States: assessing compression versus expansion
Abstract Recent trends from Western countries indicate a stagnation of life expectancy gains, raising questions about the mechanisms that sustain healthy aging and morbidity compression. In this study, we focus on trends in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes and their determinants in the United States, as relevant contributors to potential morbidity compression and, consequently, to increases in healthy life expectancy. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1990 to 2023, we apply a pseudo-panel approach to analyze morbidity patterns across birth cohorts in the United States. The models account for covariates such as BMI, smoking, ethnicity, gender, income, and education, including relevant nonlinearities and interactions to capture heterogeneity in disease risk. Findings show that, at comparable ages, more recent cohorts exhibit higher disease risk, for diabetes, a pattern that is not consistent with morbidity compression. These results are largely explained by the growing presence of behavioral and socioeconomic risk factors, such as overweight and low income, which disproportionately affect younger cohorts. Our study contributes to the growing literature documenting worsening population health trajectories in countries with advanced medical systems and highlights the need for public health strategies that address both behavioral and structural determinants to promote healthy aging.
Pan-organ poly(A) atlas reveals a post-transcriptional regulatory layer independent of RNA abundance
Circulating immune complexes in dogs with Leishmania infantum infection in a non-endemic country
Circulating immune complexes (CIC) cause different organ lesions in canine leishmaniosis. This study aimed to measure CIC in dogs infected with Leishmania (L.) infantum in a non-endemic country and to analyze associations with disease parameters. Measurement of Leishmania -specific CIC was performed by a polyethylene glycol ELISA (cut-off: 0.274 optical density (OD)) every three months during a one-year study period in 52 L. infantum -infected dogs. Each appointment included a physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry including C-reactive protein, urinalysis, L. infantum PCR and antibody ELISA. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests, a multivariable robust linear regression, Spearman correlation, univariable logistic regression, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. CIC levels differed significantly between dogs with and without lymphadenopathy ( p < 0.01; β =−0.38; 95% CI: −0.52, −0.24), uveitis ( p < 0.01; β=− 0.52; 95% CI: −0.89, −0.15), seborrhea/hypotrichosis ( p = 0.04; β =−0.11; 95% CI: −0.21, −0.01), and skin nodules ( p < 0.01; β = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.31). Significant moderate to strong correlations with CIC levels were found for L. infantum antibodies ( p < 0.01; r s = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.72), globulin ( p < 0.01; r s = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.68), albumin-to-globulin ratio (p < 0.01; r s =−0.56; 95% CI: −0.65, −0.47) and total protein ( p < 0.01; r s = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.56). CIC levels were significantly higher in dogs with positive lymph node PCR ( p = 0.04) as well as in dogs with disease relapses ( p < 0.01). The ROC curve analysis revealed one highly specific cut-off value at 1.668 OD for differentiating between dogs with and without disease relapse (98% specificity; 60% sensitivity). Measurement of Leishmania -specific CIC is useful for monitoring dogs with L. infantum infections and for indicating disease relapse.
Adaptation to glucose restriction and β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation is associated with metabolic flexibility in lung cancer cells
Cation design in complex aqueous electrolytes for low-temperature zinc-bromine flow batteries
The influence of perceived design source (AI vs. human) on Chinese consumers’ purchase intention: The mediating roles of novelty, perceived brand effort, and product type
Product design is a crucial source of competitive advantage for companies and greatly influences their market position. Information about “who designed the product,” known as the perceived design source, is gaining widespread attention in product design communication. Due to limitations in existing research, this study, based on 316 valid questionnaires, used Mplus 8.0 to examine how the perceived design source (AI versus human) affects Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions. The research findings are as follows: (1) Consumers are more willing to buy products perceived as designed by AI compared to those designed by humans; (2) Novelty mediates the relationship between the perceived design source and consumers’ purchase intentions; (3) Perceived brand effort also mediates this relationship; (4) Product type moderates the relationship between the perceived design source and purchase intentions. These conclusions not only advance marketing theory but also help businesses develop targeted marketing strategies and increase consumer purchasing.
The air is full of DNA — here’s what scientists are using it for
Si wafers unpredictable inhomogeneities and their crucial role in porous Si fabrication
Continuing industrial emissions are delaying the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer
Unveiling the mechanism of calcitriol in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: A combined network pharmacology and in vitro approach targeting ERS-related pathways
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a major global public health concern, characterized by increasing prevalence and serious complications that contribute substantially to societal healthcare costs. Concurrently, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been increasingly appreciated as a central pathogenic mechanism underpinning the development and progression of T2DM. Calcitriol has been shown to have a beneficial effect in the treatment of T2DM. However, the therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms of calcitriol against T2DM through modulated ERS-related pathways remain poorly understood. To systematically investigate these mechanisms, we adopted an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation. Initial network pharmacology analysis identified STAT3, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, and PIK3R1 as potential key targets mediating calcitriol’s anti-T2DM effects. These computational predictions were then experimentally validated using a high glucose (HG)-induced MIN6 cell model. Functional assessments using CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry demonstrated that calcitriol improved the survival of pancreatic β-cells and reduced glucose-induced cell death. Moreover, the results from real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot analysis revealed that calcitriol reversed the HG induced upregulation of STAT3, HSP90AA1, MAPK1 and PIK3R1 mRNA and protein levels in MIN6 cells. The findings from our study may offer insights into the underlying mechanisms through which calcitriol exerts its therapeutic effects on T2DM by targeting potential ERS-related pathways.