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Amplified response of cavity-coupled quantum-critical systems
Unidirectional edge spin waves induced by spin-momentum locking of elastic waves in magnetic waveguides
We study the control of edge magnons in magnetic waveguides by chiral elastic waves. Micromagnetic simulations show that chiral elastic waves can drive edge magnons to propagate unidirectionally. This effect depends on the spin-momentum locking of the elastic waves, enabling edge magnons to be precisely driven to propagate unidirectionally through selective excitation of elastic waves with specific spin angular momentum. This approach enables unidirectional propagation of edge magnons in magnetic waveguides and has potential applications in the spin-wave device design.
Inherent MS-cleavability of diazirine photo-cross-links enables residue-level structural analysis
Realization of insulating buffer layers via MOCVD-grown, nitrogen-doped (010) β-Ga2O3
We present metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown, nitrogen-doped β-Ga2O3 films as an insulating buffer layer on Fe-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates in lieu of a 49% HF treatment to remove unintentional silicon at the substrate–epitaxial layer growth interface. N-doped layer thickness and NH3/N2 flow were systematically varied to experimentally determine the lowest nitrogen concentration and thickness of the buffer layer needed to fully compensate the interfacial silicon peak. The NH3/N2 flow rate was varied from 200 to 1800 sccm. Results showed fully insulating N-doped layers for samples with NH3/N2 flow rates ≥1200 sccm and a thickness of 50 nm. This study demonstrates the efficacy of in situ, controllably doped nitrogen buffer layers as a mitigation method for unintentional interfacial silicon at the substrate–epitaxial layer growth interface.
Interpretable machine learning and signal processing for automated reading and quality control of lateral flow tests for schistosomiasis
Abstract There is a lack of automated pipelines for diagnostic classification of point-of-care tests for neglected tropical diseases. Here, we present an end-to-end automated pipeline for the analysis of point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen tests for schistosomiasis. We incorporated deep learning for cassette segmentation with signal processing. Automated classifications were compared to quantitative readings from calibrated antigen samples examined in lateral flow readers and visual readings from highly trained field and senior technicians. The pipeline was evaluated for 3188 individuals within the SchistoTrack cohort in rural Uganda. Our quantitative classifications were on par with a lateral flow reader and showed 86.6% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity with visual readings from a senior technician, which was an improvement on the visual readings from field technicians. Automated classifications were possible in as little as five min after test preparation for high antigen concentrations. We showed that visual trace uncertainty can be resolved with signal processing, indicating that visual traces should be classified as negative. Our pipeline will aid in advancing diagnostics to meet the World Health Organization target product profile for schistosomiasis, provide quantitative assessments for other diagnostics, enable large-scale surveillance in areas targeting elimination and provide real-time quality control for diagnostics introduced into primary healthcare facilities.
Selective addressing of solid-state spins with an integrated device
Solid-state spins have emerged as one of the most promising platforms for quantum sensing and information processing. A high level of integration and miniaturization of quantum devices is required for practical and scalable applications. This limits the flexibility of spin manipulation and detection. In this work, we demonstrate the spatially selective manipulation of spin defects in diamond with a compact device. A tapered fiber–Ag nanowire–electrodes hybrid structure is fabricated to transmit an optical and electrical driving field. The polarization-dependent mode distribution is analyzed and subsequently utilized to optically excite spin defects. Combined with microwave pumping through the same device, we demonstrate the selective manipulation of spin defects at different positions without changing the physical architecture of the device. Our work provides a new scheme for developing integrated quantum sensors with high flexibility.
Elucidating carbon emission responses to land-use transition using the Kaya–LMDI model: a case study of Hainan, China
DKC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and therapy resistance by dysregulating sphingolipid biosynthesis
Outside Front Cover: Lipid Modified with Pyridinium Betaine Manipulates Liposomal Membrane Fusion Behavior for Spatially Confined Cytoplasmic Delivery (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 21/2026)
Large positive magnetoresistance and anisotropic magnetoresistance in a layered antiferromagnetic EuAl2Ge2
Magnetoresistance (MR) and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) are fundamental probes of charge transport in magnetic materials. In most magnetic systems, the MR is relatively small due to strong spin-dependent scattering, rendering large positive MR rare. Here, we report the successful growth of high-quality single crystals of the antiferromagnetic compound EuAl2Ge2 and the observation of an extremely large positive MR of up to 2542%, accompanied by a giant AMR reaching 1427%. Comprehensive transport measurements reveal that the pronounced MR and AMR arise from the high crystalline quality, electron–hole compensation, and the strong anisotropy of the Fermi surfaces. These results demonstrate that a layered crystal structure featuring spatially separated magnetic and conducting layers provides an effective route to achieving large magnetotransport responses in magnetic materials.
Cell-free adipose tissue-derived stem cell extracts mediate immunosuppression of lymphocyte via cell cycle arrest
Topologically entangled zwitterionic hydrogels with reversible in situ transitions between ultraplastic and hyperelastic states
Sensitive remote electric field measurements using water vapor as a molecular probe
A number of molecular processes involving water molecules occur under the influence of electric fields and/or charges. This Letter demonstrates sensitive electric field detection as low as 5.6 V/mm via coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, with water molecules acting as probes. Absorption of one of the two incident laser beams by water molecules explains a decrease in the signal intensity with vapor pressure, suggesting that this method has the potential to enable electric field measurement even with an unknown density of water molecules.
Study on the mechanical behavior of ballastless track continuous welded rail on multi-span simply supported steel truss bridge for mixed passenger and freight railway
Advanced nanoformulations of NUAK1 regulate NLRP3 inflammasome for preeclampsia management in mice
MoOx/V2Ox bilayer hole-selective passivating contact for silicon heterojunction solar cells
The molybdenum oxide (MoOx) hole-selective passivating contact for crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells is highly susceptible to degradation upon exposure to ambient air during both device fabrication and operation. In this work, we introduce a V2Ox capping layer onto MoOx via continuous thermal evaporation without breaking the vacuum. As a result, compared to the air-exposed reference (4.69 eV), the protected MoOx exhibits a significantly increased work function of 5.54 eV. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of a V-doped MoOx interfacial region, which chemically suppresses oxygen vacancies and stabilizes a higher Mo6+ content. Also, the average implied open-circuit voltage of a-Si:H(i)/MoOx/V2Ox stacks is enhanced from 722.5 to 732.4 mV due to improved field-effect passivation. Meanwhile, the contact resistivity is significantly reduced from 185 to 122 mΩ cm2 upon insertion of the V2Ox layer. Consequently, the silicon heterojunction solar cells featuring front full-area a-Si:H(i)/MoOx/V2Ox contacts achieve an improved efficiency of 22.8%, with an open-circuit voltage of 727.8 mV, a short-circuit current density of 39.9 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 78.6%. Furthermore, the devices demonstrate markedly enhanced long-term stability, retaining over 96% of their initial efficiency after 2000 h of exposure to ambient air. The MoOx/V2Ox bilayer strategy not only enhances the performance of MoOx-based hole-selective passivating contacts but also offers a practical route to improved operational robustness.
Micronutrient–immune interactions in mood and psychotic disorders: a case–control study of vitamin C, iron, zinc, magnesium, and peripheral blood cell indices
De novo design of a macrocycle-induced dimerization system for cellular control
Abstract Investigating and manipulating cellular events requires precise control of protein function. To enable control over cellular processes, we set out to design a chemically induced dimerization (CID) system consisting of a de novo-designed ligand and protein pair. Here, we describe the design of a C2 symmetric membrane-permeable macrocyclic peptide and a cognate protein homodimer which binds the macrocycle through a large interface with both chains. The designed homodimer binds the macrocycle with a K D of 36 nM, and the x-ray crystal structure of the protein homodimer-macrocycle complex is very close to the computational design model, with the C2 axis of the macrocycle aligned with the homodimer C2 axis. Transcriptional and split luciferase assays in mammalian cells demonstrate conditional control over both a reporter gene expression and luciferase reconstitution.
Improved TMR on CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB p-MTJ on textured TiN buffer layer integrated on Si substrate
In this study, a highly texture-driven CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) system is realized using a textured TiN seed layer on industrial standard silicon wafers. The textured MTJ exhibited a tunnel magnetoresistance of 91%, approximately equivalent to a threefold improvement compared to the semi-amorphous reference. Additionally, influenced by the texture quality of the TiN seed layer and the W buffer layer, the crystallinity of the CoFeB free layer was improved and the W/CoFeB surface was smoothened. Hence, the coercivity of the CoFeB free layer was reduced to 0.25 mT, in comparison to 7.32 mT in the amorphous system. The textured free layer also achieved a lower Gilbert damping constant by 11% and an enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, with an anisotropy energy density of (7.9 ± 0.1)×105 J/m3 compared to (6.7 ± 0.1)×105 J/m3 for the semi-amorphous reference.