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Giant topological magneto-optical effect in noncoplanar antiferromagnet
Abstract Geometrical frustration on triangular lattice is expected to exhibit diverse quantum spin and electronic states endowed with emergent electromagnetic phenomena. The all-in-all-out (AIAO)-type antiferromagnetic spin structure is one such example, possessing the scalar spin chirality that generates giant emergent magnetic field with vanishingly small magnetization. Here, we report on the large spontaneous magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) caused by the AIAO/AOAI state in quasi-two-dimensional triangular-lattice compound CoNb 3 S 6 . Over the entire measured energy region from 55 to 2000 meV, the MOKE is found to be dominated only by the spin chirality. Essential role of momentum-space Berry curvature for both MOKE and dc Hall effect is demonstrated by the spectral analysis of optical Hall conductivity derived from MOKE. The figure of merit of observed topological MOKE, light-polarization rotation angle divided by magnetization, largely exceeds other magnets including time-reversal-symmetry broken antiferromagnet Mn 3 Sn. Our findings demonstrate the strong light-spin coupling through the spin chirality, paving the way for antiferromagnetic spintronics and future optospintronic devices.
Optimization of tunnel ventilation system by modeling changes in air flow rate and carbon monoxide concentration during a fire
AFM imaging reveals the unreconstructed α‑Al2O3(0001) surface to be inhomogeneous and rough
Abstract Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is a key material for thin-film growth and heterogeneous catalysis, where the atomic surface structure critically impacts performance. Using noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we challenge the common assumption that the unreconstructed α-Al 2 O 3 (0001) surface is atomically flat and uniformly Al-terminated. This widely accepted bulk termination satisfies polarity compensation requirements but results in highly undercoordinated Al cations at the surface. Despite substantial inward relaxation of these Al cations, we find that the (1 × 1) surface remains inherently metastable, relative to the thermodynamically stable $$(\sqrt{31} \times \sqrt{31}) $$ ( 31 × 31 ) R ± 9° surface reconstruction that forms at high temperatures above 1000 °C. Nc-AFM imaging of the unreconstructed surface reveals a rough and disordered morphology, with only nanometer-scale regions exhibiting the ordered Al-terminated (1 × 1) structure. Our results show that the unreconstructed Al 2 O 3 (0001) surface is intrinsically inhomogeneous, reconciling conflicting experimental observations and challenging the validity of commonly used atomistic models.
Molecular Crystal Sponge for Extraordinary NH <sub>3</sub> Capture
Prognostic significance of IDH1 promoter methylation and associated genome-wide alterations in breast cancer
Accessing medically relevant complex regions with a pangenome graph of 20 near-complete Japanese haplotypes
Lipid–Substrate Interactions Lead to Bilayer Asymmetry
Correction: A hierarchical framework to evaluate the usability of smartphone health applications
Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Oryza australiensis reveals transposon-driven centromere repositioning and shared EE–DD ancestry
Breaking the Trade-off: Bulk 2D Ising Superconductivity with High <i>T</i> <sub>c</sub> and Giant Interlayer Spacing via a Unique Chain Intercalation in (BaS) <sub>1/3</sub> TaS <sub>2</sub>
Synthesis, calf thymus DNA binding, in-vitro cytotoxicity, molecular docking, and antimicrobial studies of novel metal complexes containing a 2,3-diaminopyridine derivative Schiff base
Abstract In this work, a tetradentate ONNO Schiff base ligand, namely 4,4'-[(1 E ,1 `E )-(pyridine-2,3-diyl)bis(azanylylidene)bis(methanylylidene)bis (benzene-1,3-diol] (H 2 L) was prepared and characterized. Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Ni(II) complexes have an octahedral geometry. Pd(II) complex exhibits diamagnetic behavior and attains stability in square planar locations. The complexes are non-electrolytes, according to the molar conductivity investigations. By means of two phenolic OH and two azomethine nitrogen, the ligand is thought to be tetradentate and coordinated with Co(II) and Ni(II) ions, according to spectral data. Cu(II), Mn(II), and Pd(II) complexes, on the other hand, were coordinated by two phenolic oxygen and two azomethine nitrogen with deprotonation of OH groups. Antimicrobial activities, ligands, and metal complexes were screened against bacteria, such as E. faecalis , Salmonella sp., B. cereus, and S. epidermidis , and fungi, such as A. flavus , A. solani , and C. albicans . Notably, all synthesized compounds demonstrated good results of inhibition against the chosen pathogenic fungi compared to their antibacterial properties. Molecular docking was utilized to explore possible interactions between the studied compounds (H 2 L and complexes) and the breast cancer cell line. The abovementioned compounds were proven to have potential anticancer effects against protein receptors (PDB IDs: 1QNT, 3FC2, and 4AJY). The least binding energy was used to predict the receptor’s binding site with compounds, offering a better understanding of the process. Furthermore, the MTT test was employed to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds against the MCF-7 cancer cell line in order to assess the anticancer characteristics of the Schiff base and its complexes. The findings demonstrated that each combination has exceptional antitumor activity.
Structural and mechanistic insights into the inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum MDR1
Ligand-Modulated Cobalt-Catalyzed Alkene Carbocarbonylation Unlocks Aliphatic Ketone Synthesis
The quality characteristics of air-dried cured meat (Grison) processed from cattle, buffalo, and camel: a comparative study
Abstract Dried meat products have recently gained popularity due to their prolonged shelf life, nutritional advantages, and characteristic sensory quality. The main objective of this study was to assess the quality of air-dried cured meat (Grison) produced from cattle, buffalo, and camel meat, with a special focus on the impact of the meat from different species of animal on the quality of the meat during the curing process and in the finished product. Fresh topside from each species was dry-cured under a controlled environment with evaluation of meat samples throughout the curing period, and additional tests were performed on the finished products. The proximate composition, pH value, lipid oxidation, salt concentration, residual nitrite content, instrumental color indices, shear force value, and sensory attributes were evaluated. The findings revealed many noteworthy differences in the air-dried cured meat produced with various types of meat during both the curing phase and in the end product. Camel meat and its corresponding Grison exhibited higher moisture, pH value, residual nitrite content, redness ( a* ), and chroma ( C* ) values, but lower protein, fat, TBARS, and hue angle ( h° ) values compared to cattle and buffalo counterparts. Cattle Grison showed higher fat content, lightness ( L* ), yellowness ( b* ), and ( h °) values, but a lower ΔE value, whereas buffalo Grison exhibited a higher shear force value. Sensory assessment revealed that buffalo Grison exhibited the lowest juiciness and tenderness, while camel Grison showed the highest color and flavor scores. Overall, Grison made from camel meat was comparable to that of the traditional cattle one and superior in numerous quality features to that of buffalo; however, more optimization is needed to improve the quality of buffalo-based air-dried cured meat products, particularly tenderness.
RNAs anchoring replication complex control initiation and firing of DNA replication
Condensate Formation by Structured dsRNA Binding Domains Drives RNA Sequestration in Plants
Music is a distinct perceptual category with subjective grounds
Abstract Making sense of our auditory environments involves forming meaningful perceptual categories. While ‘music’ is culturally diverse, Western listeners seem to consistently distinguish it from other sounds. In preregistered experiments, we examined the identification of sounds as music by presenting a large range of stimuli—musical excerpts from different geographical origins and a variety of other auditory materials—to a total of 735 online Western participants. Our findings demonstrate that sound evaluation is rather consistent, with a modest effect of listeners’ perspective, stimulus duration, and repetition on music categorization. Listeners tend to agree in their ratings and three distinct categories emerged: music, not-music, and ambiguous sounds. Within the music cluster, listeners’ evaluations of culturally diverse stimuli did not differ from the evaluations of genres more familiar to Western listeners. Although the three sound categories overlap in a low-level acoustic space, they were clearly separated by perceptual judgments—particularly the recognition of musical instruments, detection of melodies, and inference of intentionality. Such findings support the idea that ‘music’ is a distinct and stable perceptual construct encompassing a wide range of stimuli.
One-dimensional inorganic ionic polymerization for elastic minerals
Abstract The inherent brittleness arising from atomic close-packing of inorganic ionic minerals significantly limits their potential applications as elastic materials. Inspired by elastomers and tough minerals, we propose a one-dimensional (1D) inorganic ionic polymerization tactic for developing elastic minerals. Guided by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains, calcium silicate oligomers (CSO) undergo 1D polymerization, forming highly flexible PVA/CSO ionic-molecular chains. These chains are hierarchically assembled into nanofibers and bundles, which further crosslink to a flexible network. This structure enables the PVA/CSO bulk to maintain high hardness (~0.78 GPa), Young’s modulus (~20.63 GPa), and specific strength (~74.53 MPa g⁻¹ cm³), while also achieving elastic recovery after 5000 cycles at 10% strain, hence being termed an elastic mineral. Furthermore, smart elastic minerals have been developed and serve as sensors for real-time warning. The proposed 1D inorganic ionic polymerization tactic breaks the boundaries between minerals and elastomers, paving the way for producing high-performance elastic minerals.