Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
We vibe-coded a custom AI poetry lab. Here’s how you can, too.
A logistic model for glucose‑driven asymmetry in multi‑phase E. coli growth kinetics
Risk assessment of civil aviation cabin safety incidents based on the CNN–LSTM–Attention model
Against the backdrop of the thriving global civil aviation industry, cabin safety, which is a crucial link in civil aviation safety systems, has prompted an increasingly urgent need for intelligent risk management. This study constructs an integrated framework of “deep text mining–intelligent risk assessment” and proposes a hybrid CNN-LSTM-Attention model for cabin safety incident classification. Using 8,280 global cabin abnormal event reports from 2004–2024, the model achieves 95.01% accuracy and an F1 score of 94.17% on the test set, substantially outperforming benchmark approaches. Compared with XGBoost (89.45% accuracy, 88.98% F1), the proposed model improves accuracy by 5.56% and the F1 score by 5.19%, demonstrating superior capability in extracting deep semantic features and identifying key risk patterns. The framework also establishes a “text feature–risk mechanism-hazard level” mapping system, enabling more interpretable risk quantification. The findings provide an effective technical path for intelligent early warning of cabin safety risks and offer methodological support for data-driven decision-making in civil aviation safety management.
Mechanisms and Cell Type-Dependence of Non-Hebbian Long-Term Potentiation at Primary Afferent Synapses in the Mouse Spinal Superficial Dorsal Horn
Sensory synapses onto ascending spinal projection neurons in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) can exhibit non-Hebbian plasticity, such as when the firing of primary afferent neurons alone is sufficient to induce long-term potentiation (LTP), following neonatal tissue damage or D1/D5 dopamine receptor activation. However, whether non-Hebbian LTP can be induced at sensory synapses in the absence of tissue injury or exogenous neuromodulatory signaling, the molecular mechanisms underlying this form of synaptic plasticity, and the degree to which non-Hebbian LTP occurs in a cell type-dependent manner within the SDH remain unclear. Here, non-Hebbian plasticity at primary afferent synapses onto lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons, GABAergic (VGAT+) interneurons, and putative glutamatergic (VGAT−) interneurons was examined using ex vivo patch-clamp recordings from the adult mouse SDH of both sexes. Prolonged low-frequency activation of primary afferent inputs evoked non-Hebbian LTP in ascending projection neurons, which reflected an increased probability of presynaptic glutamate release. While the non-Hebbian LTP occurred independently of postsynaptic depolarization, postsynaptic Ca 2+ influx downstream of NMDAR and mGluR5 activation was required for LTP generation. Importantly, both the prevalence and magnitude of non-Hebbian LTP were significantly greater in lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons compared with either GABAergic or glutamatergic interneurons in the mature SDH. Overall, these results suggest that the major output neurons of the SDH network can preferentially amplify ongoing nociceptive input via non-Hebbian mechanisms in the absence of a pathological state.
Chitosan-coated nano-green-tea (Nano-GTE) in a tris-soybean lecithin extender improves post-thaw motility, antioxidant status, DNA integrity, and fertility of Ossimi Ram Semen
Abstract Cryopreservation reduces ram sperm viability and fertilizing ability by inducing oxidative stress, membrane damage, and DNA fragmentation. This study evaluated whether adding chitosan-stabilized nano green tea extract (Nano-GTE) to a Tris-soybean lecithin extender improves post-thaw semen quality and fertility of Ossimi rams. Ejaculates (pooled from five mature rams) were extended with Tris-soybean lecithin containing 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, or 200 µg/mL Nano-GTE, equilibrated at 5 °C for 4 h, frozen in 0.25 mL straws, stored in liquid nitrogen and thawed at 37 °C for 30 s. Post-thaw progressive motility, viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in the 100 µg/mL group (PrM: 46.3 ± 0.21% vs. control 41.5 ± 0.22%; Viability: 47.1 ± 0.27% vs. control 42.8 ± 0.24%; Membrane integrity: 47.6 ± 0.26% vs. control 43.9 ± 0.27%; P < 0.001). DNA fragmentation (Comet assay) was lowest in the 100–150 µg/mL groups (DNA damage: 5.0 ± 0.21% at 100 µg/mL vs. control 8.3 ± 0.21%; P < 0.001). Antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the post-thaw medium increased at 100 µg/mL, while markers of membrane damage (MDA, AST, ALT, LDH) were reduced compared with control ( P < 0.05). Fertility (pregnancy rate after cervical AI) was higher with semen from the 100 and 150 µg/mL groups, whereas the 200 µg/mL dose impaired some parameters. Together, these results indicate that supplementing a Tris–soybean lecithin extender with Nano-GTE at 100 µg/mL markedly improves the post-thaw quality and fertility of ram sperm; higher doses (≥ 200 µg/mL) may be detrimental.
Advancing poultry health: A meta-analysis of epitope-based and peptide-based vaccines against Avian Pathogenic E. coli with machine learning insights
Introduction Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry, which leads to tremendous economic losses. Traditional control methods, including antibiotics and conventional vaccines, are less effective due to the genetic diversity of APEC and developing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Novel epitope- and peptide-based vaccines, supported by machine learning (ML), hold high promise. Objectives This meta-analysis and systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of epitope- and peptide-vaccine-based candidates against APEC-related morbidity and mortality, production factors, and AMR, and the use of ML in vaccine development. Materials and methods Ten studies were included. Outcomes assessed were prevention of mortality, morbidity, immunogenicity, production performance, and reduction in AMR. The random-effects model was applied for meta-analysis, and the use of ML was summarized descriptively. Results Vaccines prevent mortality (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.30–1.68, p < 0.001, I 2 = 5.55%) and morbidity (RR = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.64–2.35, p < 0.001, I 2 = 49.55%) significantly. More sophisticated formulations, such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and nanoparticle-conjugated platforms, induced substantial immune responses and cross-serotype protection. The available evidence showed variability, which needs further validation. The interventions may reduce bacterial load and, potentially, antibiotic consumption. ML provided exciting potential that may improve epitope prediction and delivery strategies. Conclusion Epitope- and peptide-vaccines showed significant but variable efficacy, while ML demonstrated promising potential in improving the control of APEC. Their utility needs to be established through large field trials and economic analysis.
Secure event-triggered control of nonlinear networked systems via interval type-2 fuzzy observer design
Seismic fragility analysis of fully prefabricated frame structures with steel plate hoop bolt connections based on various engineering demand parameters
Steel plates and bolted connections have become common construction details in prefabricated structural systems. However, prefabricated frame structures with steel plate hoop–bolted connections exhibit connection gaps, interface slip, and discontinuous force-transfer paths, making them prone to hysteretic degradation and cumulative damage under seismic loading. Conventional seismic fragility assessments typically rely on the maximum inter-story drift ratio, which focuses only on deformation demand and fails to capture key deterioration mechanisms such as low-cycle damage accumulation, stiffness degradation, and reduced energy dissipation capacity. Consequently, the seismic performance of prefabricated structures may be inadequately represented. To address this limitation, this study adopts a two-parameter damage model as the engineering demand parameter for incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and fragility assessment, and compares it with the traditional drift-based index. An energy-dissipation-based story damage weighting method is further introduced to better characterize damage distribution and performance degradation along the structural height. Finite element models of prefabricated columns and beam–column joints with steel plate hoop–bolted connections were developed in SAP2000 using multilinear plastic link elements and validated against quasi-static test results. A comparative fragility analysis was then performed for six-story full prefabricated and cast-in-place frame structures. The results show that the inter-story drift ratio underestimates structural capacity in the elastic stage but overestimates collapse resistance compared with the two-parameter damage model.
Transcription factor codes patterning neuronal groundplans of the cerebrum
Integrative taxonomy and mitogenome characterization of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne silvestris
Abstract Root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes, yet taxonomic uncertainties often complicate diagnostics and management. Here, we examined Meloidogyne silvestris populations from the Netherlands using an integrative approach combining morphology, isoenzyme profiles, and molecular markers. Morphological and morphometric traits, together with isozyme profiles, were highly consistent between the two Dutch populations and were complemented by near-identical 18S and 28S rDNA sequences, identical cox1 and cox2 barcodes, and a conserved mitochondrial genome architecture. In comparison with the original species description, these data support their identification as M. silvestris . We also present a nearly complete mitochondrial genome of M. silvestris , which expands genomic resources for root-knot nematodes. These findings highlight the value of integrative datasets for robust species delimitation and provide a framework for future studies on population structure, evolutionary dynamics, and diagnostic marker development within the genus.
Repeated dosing of myrrh, chamomile extract, and coffee charcoal reveals potential health-beneficial effects in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in the M-SHIME simulator
Objective To define the potential functional roles of a herbal preparation of myrrh, chamomile extract, and coffee charcoal in patients suffering from diarrhea dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods The study utilized the Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Environment (M-SHIME ® ) with proximal (PC) and distal colon (DC) compartments and fecal samples from four IBS-D donors. Eight-day (d) repeated dosing with the herbal product (6 tablets/day) was initiated compared to a negative control. Changes in microbial metabolism and community composition were assessed, and colonic ferments were evaluated for their effects on intestinal barrier permeability and cytokine production in a Caco-2/THP-1 co-culture model. Results Product treatment significantly increased gas pressure versus negative control, indicating microbial fermentative activity. Product supplementation significantly increased proximal acetate (d3, d5), propionate (d3), and butyrate (d5, d8) levels (p < 0.05 for all), while no significant changes were observed distally. Ammonium levels were significantly elevated following product supplementation in PC (d3, d5, d8; p < 0.05) and DC (d8; p < 0.01), though remained within physiological range. Repeated dosing enriched members of Bifidobacteriaceae , Bacteroidota, Lachnospiraceae , and Butyricicoccus versus negative control. Treated colonic ferments had a protective effect on intestinal membrane integrity (DC; p < 0.001) and positive immunomodulatory effects (increased IL-10, PC and DC [both p < 0.0001], and IL-6, PC [p < 0.001] and DC [p < 0.01]) in Caco-2/THP-1 co-cultures. Conclusions Treatment with a herbal preparation of myrrh, chamomile extract, and coffee charcoal showed a potential beneficial effect on the microbiota of patients with IBS-D in vitro , suggesting further exploration of its efficacy in IBS-D and other chronic gastrointestinal disorders.
Longitudinal tracking of dyadic body temperature synchrony in social pairs across species
Analytical correlation between overall subjective satisfaction and criterion-based evaluation in continuing medical education: A cross-sectional study of associated factors
Background Continuing Medical Education (CME) is essential for updating the competencies of healthcare professionals. As part of a quality improvement initiative, the CPD committee at the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse evaluated the 2021–2022 programs. The study aimed to assess learner satisfaction by distinguishing overall subjective satisfaction from criterion-based evaluation (based on specific quality criteria like resources and pedagogy). This approach identifies whether a positive general feeling masks structural deficiencies in course design. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study over a five-week period using a structured evaluation grid distributed via Google Forms. The evaluation covered all three phases of the CME process (before, during, and after the course). For each criterion, participants selected one of four options ranging from “unsatisfied” to “satisfied.” Criterion-based evaluation was assessed via an overall rating from 1 to 5, with a score ≥4 indicating satisfaction. Correlation between overall subjective satisfaction and criterion-based evaluation was analyzed. Results A total of 268 responses were collected. Women predominated (73.1%). The mean age was 36 ± 8 years, and most participants practiced in urban areas (91%) and at the tertiary care level (55.6%). The overall mean satisfaction score was 3.8 ± 1.02, with 69.4% of participants classified as satisfied. Overall subjective satisfaction was significantly associated with criterion-based evaluation across all criteria. In addition, overall subjective satisfaction was associated with age (p = 0.007), years in current practice (p = 0.043), academic affiliation (p = 0.008), specialty (p = 0.019), and type of CME (p = 0.003). Conclusion Learner satisfaction with CME activities was correlated with factors such as specialty, academic affiliation, experience, age, and CME format. These findings support recommendations to tailor CME content to participant profiles, emphasize practical training, ensure timely delivery of resources, and improve advance communication of schedules to enhance program effectiveness.
Hailstorms are predicted to hit harder with climate change
Daily rhythms modulate Acinetobacter baumannii physiology impacting infection outcome and antibiotic-inactivating capacity
Expanding rural access to chronic pain care through nurse care management: A hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial protocol
Background Chronic pain affects more than 20% of U.S. adults, with prevalence approaching 30% in rural communities. It can substantially impair physical functioning, mental health, and quality of life, and rural residents experience poorer pain-related outcomes. Effective care requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach; however, rural primary care clinicians often rely on medications—particularly prescription opioids—as the predominant treatment despite limited evidence and substantial risks. Innovative strategies are needed to expand access to evidence-based, non-pharmacologic pain management in rural settings. Objective To determine the effectiveness of a nurse care management (NCM) model for chronic pain compared with usual care and to evaluate its implementation. Methods A pragmatic, hybrid type I effectiveness–implementation randomized controlled trial will be conducted from April 2026 to July 2028. A total of 450 adults with chronic pain and a Pain, Enjoyment of Life, and General Activity (PEG) scale total score ≥12 will be recruited from rural health systems. Rural eligibility will be verified using the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Rural Health Grants Eligibility Analyzer. Participants will be randomly assigned to the NCM intervention or to usual care using permuted block randomization with variable block sizes (4 or 6). The 6-month virtually delivered NCM intervention includes (1) cognitive behavioral therapy, (2) care coordination, and (3) referral to Tele-Enhance®Fitness , an instructor-led virtual group exercise program. The primary outcome is pain interference and intensity measured by the PEG scale. Secondary outcomes include pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, physical functioning, sleep disturbance, satisfaction with health, and opioid use. Implementation outcomes—reach, fidelity, feasibility, and sustainment—will be evaluated with the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) framework. Discussion This pragmatic trial will assess the effectiveness of the NCM model for chronic pain care and collect implementation data to guide potential scale-up in rural primary care. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06407115.
One year follow-up of physical activity and health-related quality of life in youth with Cystic Fibrosis in the modulator era
Correction: The effect of Moringa oleifera capsule in increasing breastmilk volume in early postpartum patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Spontaneous Eye Movements Following Touch Reflect Canonical Body Postures
Humans constantly move when interacting with their environment. This constant movement challenges the processing of tactile stimuli because localizing tactile input on the body requires considering postural information. According to a well-established view, stimuli are localized on the body based on information about the current body posture, via a process called tactile remapping. Recently, an alternative view has emerged, arguing that stimuli are rather localized based on prior information about the default body posture. We confronted these accounts by recording the spontaneous gaze behavior of human participants of either sex following tactile stimulation of the fingers of their right hand, placed in different postures. With the hand placed palm-down, the left-to-right direction of gaze shifts reflected the thumb-to-little finger arrangement of the digits. Placing the hand palm-up reversed this pattern. Critically, when the hand was placed in a mid-pronated posture, resting on its outer side, tactile stimuli induced horizontal gaze shifts similar to those observed in the palm-down posture, despite the vertical arrangement of the fingers. Moreover, crossing the right hand to the left of the body midline shifted the gaze rightward, opposite to the current hand position. Finally, when the five fingers were stimulated, the reference frame reflected in gaze behavior was centered on the middle finger, whereas it was centered on the ring finger when only the last three fingers were stimulated. These findings show that localizing tactile stimuli on the body activates priors about canonical body postures and these priors are selected according to the stimulated area.