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Explainable ensemble machine learning for predicting diabetes mellitus and identifying key risk factors: a population-based study in northern Bangladesh
Metal–antibiotic interactions: potentiometric and spectroscopic investigation of cloxacillin and dicloxacillin complexes in aqueous solution
Privacy-aware continuous federated biometric authentication (PACFBA) using federated deep learning: a novel usable security framework
Multi-omics integration model of exosome metabolomics and PD-1/PD-L1 expression for early prediction of immunotherapy efficacy in advanced liver cancer
Foliar application of Aloe vera and date palm extracts as natural biostimulants enhances yield, nutrient status and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Experimental emulation of charge air cooler temperature and pressure on an engine dynamometer for air–fuel ratio optimization and pulsation reduction
Abstract This study presents an experimental investigation aimed at addressing charge air cooler (CAC) delta temperature variation and air pulsation issues encountered during final vehicle calibration on engine dynamometers. Conventional calibration setups typically employ customized water-cooled CAC systems, which often fail to replicate actual vehicle conditions, leading to discrepancies in pressure, temperature, and air–fuel ratio (AFR). To overcome this limitation, a novel air-to-air (A2A) CAC configuration incorporating a dynamically controlled airflow system using a variable frequency drive (VFD) and a closed-loop PID controller was implemented on the engine dynamometer. The proposed setup enables accurate emulation of vehicle charge air temperature and pressure conditions under both stationary and transient operating modes. Experimental results demonstrate a significant reduction in pressure drop from 10 kPa to 1.2 kPa and improved temperature control from 49 °C to 39 °C, resulting in an efficiency improvement of approximately 6–8% compared to conventional water-cooled systems. The optimized CAC performance contributes to improved air density, stable AFR, reduced air pulsation (pumping loss), and enhanced overall engine efficiency. The findings confirm that the proposed methodology effectively replicates real vehicle conditions on the dynamometer, thereby minimizing iterative calibration efforts, reducing development time and cost, and improving reliability in OEM calibration processes.
Evolutionary and molecular insights into the terpene synthase gene (TPS) family in the medicinal plant Bidens alba
Integrated hydrogeochemical assessment and groundwater quality mapping for irrigation suitability and health risk in Kandahar City, Afghanistan
Influence of nicotine concentration and flavours on mouth level exposure and puffing topography among regular e-cigarette consumers in New Zealand
Abstract E-cigarette aerosols have substantially reduced toxicant profiles relative to cigarette smoke. Consumers’ actual exposure is influenced by the way in which they use these products. We have assessed whether consumer puffing topography (e.g., puff duration, volume and frequency), mouth level exposure (MLE) to nicotine and aerosol, or average daily consumption (ADC) are affected by nicotine concentration or flavour. The study was conducted in New Zealand in 2023 among 90 adult e-cigarette users. Puffing topography and MLE were measured for eight e-liquid variants (five nicotine levels, four flavours) in (1) 15-minute vaping sessions during central location testing (CLT); and (2) 7-day home use testing (HUT). The CLT estimated MLE to nicotine increased with increasing concentration of nicotine, while MLE to aerosol decreased, puff duration decreased and interpuff interval increased, indicating that users alter puffing behaviour to achieve a preferred level of nicotine. Results from the HUT supported these findings. In CLT, less acceptable flavours (e.g., Golden Tobacco) led to significantly fewer puffs of shorter duration compared with more acceptable flavours (e.g., Crisp Mint and Tropical Mango). When the participants used their preferred flavour in HUT, there were no differences in MLE per day or ADC among flavours. E-cigarette users maintain a preferred level of nicotine exposure per day by altering the duration and number of puffs taken in response to nicotine concentration. Overall liking of a flavour is likely to be important in providing a satisfactory alternative to continued smoking for smokers who would not otherwise quit.
Effect of electron irradiation on the optical and electrical properties of Manganese Mercury Thiocyanate and Manganese Mercury Thiocyanate Di Methyl Sulfoxide Crystals
Water–energy nexus analysis of floating PV systems: impact of footprint design on evaporation control and energy yield
Kukui nut oil (Aleurites moluccanus seed oil) promotes hair growth by activating the Nrf2/ARE-AKR1C family-PGF2α signaling axis
Development of the first myasthenia gravis patient registry in Latvia: a single-centre experience
Silicone elastomer films loaded with 5-fluorouracil for time-dependent drug release
Effectiveness of Hybrid Surgery Using Polyetheretherketone Rods for Preventing Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Biomechanical Evaluation
Deep hybrid architecture for multi-class detection of network layer attacks in WSN
Mixture dependent correlation patterns in antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of five hop isolates
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has resulted in the need for the development of alternative strategies for combating pathogens and growth promotion of poultry, including the use of plant-derived compounds such as hop ( Humulus lupulus ) isolates. The present study evaluates the correlation patterns of the biological activity of five major hop isolates (humulone, lupulone, isohumulone, xanthohumol, and isoxanthohumol) against Bacillus subtilis , Micrococcus luteus , and a chicken cell line UMNSAH/DF-1 using a two-dimensional checkerboard assay. Fractional inhibitory concentrations (∑FIC) were used to classify interactions as additive, synergistic, or antagonistic, and selectivity indices assessed antibacterial versus cytotoxic effects. On B. subtilis , combinations were predominantly additive (∑FIC = 0.89–1.15), whereas M. luteus , in contrast, showed variable interactions, including also synergistic (humulone + lupulone, ∑FIC = 0.43 ± 0.18) and antagonistic combinations (isohumulone + isoxanthohumol, ∑FIC = 1.53 ± 0.38), demonstrating the impact of the metabolic resilience of the target organism. Cytotoxicity in UMNSAH/DF-1 cells was largely additive, with synergistic effects observed only for isomerized compounds (∑FIC = 0.50 ± 0.23). Selectivity analysis highlighted humulone-lupulone combinations with selective indices of 3.2 for M. luteus and 1.3 for B. subtilis as most favorable, indicating moderate to good antibacterial selectivity. These results provide novel insights for selecting hop isolate combinations for the development of phytogenic feed additives (PFAs), emphasizing that both compound composition and target organism physiology critically shape efficacy and safety outcomes.