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LLM-powered borehole data automation for 3D geological modeling workflows: a multi-model evaluation of executable coordinate generation
LSD1 is upregulated in angiotensin II-induced atrial remodeling and regulates oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation associated with atrial fibrillation susceptibility
An approach of state-of-charge prediction for lithium-ion batteries using hybrid Pyraformer-LSTM learning network
Accurate prediction of the State of Charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries remains difficult under complex operating conditions. This difficulty arises from strong nonlinearity and long-term temporal dependency in battery data. In this study, we developed a hybrid prediction model that combines a pyramidal attention network with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The key innovation of this work lies in the integration of a pyramidal attention mechanism with a multi-scale sliding window design, enabling hierarchical extraction of temporal features ranging from local dynamic variations to long-term evolutionary trends. Specifically, the pyramidal attention module captures multi-granularity temporal dependencies through dynamic weighted fusion of features from different window scales (8, 16, and 32), while the LSTM network captures nonlinear dynamics and preserves long-term dependencies through gated temporal modeling. We evaluated the proposed method using battery datasets collected under multiple temperatures. We compared its performance with six representative SOC estimation methods. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves RMSE and MAE of 1.8554% and 1.3021% on the test set, significantly outperforming baselines, demonstrating high prediction accuracy and validating the effectiveness of multi-scale attention and recurrent structures in SOC prediction.
Organ-specific variation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential in Capparis spinosa L. from Iran
IL5 rs2069812 and IL13 rs1800925 Genetic variants as key determinants of clinically relevant asthma phenotypes
Type 2-high airway inflammation in adults with asthma is heavily driven by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. While genetic variations in these cytokines are known to influence asthma pathogenesis, their specific impacts on clinically relevant phenotypes remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms, clinical asthma phenotypes, inflammation cell subtypes, and lung function . A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 125 adults with asthma. Genotyping was performed for the following single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): IL33 (rs1342326, rs3939286), IL4 (rs2243250, rs2243248), IL5 rs2069812, and IL13 (rs20541, rs1800925). Clinical evaluations included lung function, blood eosinophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), Th2 cells, cytokine levels, and specific IgE. The IL4 rs2243248 TT genotype was associated with higher TNF-α ( p = 0.038), while the IL13 rs1800925 polymorphism was associated with increased Th2 cell counts ( p = 0.025). Notably, IL5 rs2069812 was strongly associated with blood eosinophilia ( p < 0.001) and reduced lung function. Linear regression revealed a significant gene-dose effect of IL-5 rs2069812 T allele, which correlated with an increase in log 10 eosinophils ( β = 0.207, p < 0.001) and a decrease in post-bronchodilator FEV1% ( β = −7.38, p = 0.014). Furthermore, the IL5 rs2069812 and IL13 rs1800925 variants significantly increased the risk of blood eosinophilia (Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 2.59, p < 0.001) and fixed airflow obstruction (PR = 1.81, p = 0.039), respectively. The IL5 rs2069812 and IL13 rs1800925 polymorphisms serve as key genetic determinants of persistent blood eosinophilia and fixed airflow obstruction, respectively. Both variants significantly contribute to the severity of airflow limitation in adult asthma, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for precision phenotyping.
Correction: Robo1/2 regulate follicle atresia through manipulating granulosa cell apoptosis in mice
The effects of adolescent social isolation and group housing on adolescent binge drinking in mice
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by behavioral changes such as sensation seeking, impulsivity, and diminished self-control to inhibit behaviors, which can lead to increased risky behavior, including the initiation of binge drinking. Due to the necessity of peer-peer social interactions for proper development, social isolation can be particularly disruptive at this time, altering proper neural development and function and increasing risk for alcohol misuse. To investigate the effects of social context on ethanol drinking, we modulated the social environment of a mouse using single housing, neighbor cages, or group housing and evaluated ethanol drinking behavior in the intermittent 2-bottle choice and drinking in the dark models. Using neighbor cages versus social isolation, ethanol intake was largely unaffected by housing condition from adolescence into early adulthood. However, single housing increased adolescent ethanol intake using a drinking in the dark model in both sexes. Group housed mice with concurrent ethanol access drank significantly less than isolated animals. Manipulating the number of ethanol bottles per cage increased the volume of ethanol consumed, but did not affect the relative differences in intake between group and single housed mice. Adolescent binge drinking increased adult intake only in group housed mice. In sum, social isolation during adolescence increased ethanol intake while drinking with conspecifics decreased ethanol intake. Drinking in isolation tended to increase ethanol intake, suggesting the presence of a conspecific alters the motivation to drink ethanol.
ASCENT: a tensor-oriented approach to population-scale agent-based simulation
Abstract Agent-based models (ABMs) offer a compelling framework for simulating complex systems but scale poorly with conventional software execution paradigms. When modelling millions of interacting agents with complex lifecycles and spatial dynamics, conventional ABMs encounter severe computational bottlenecks, e.g., from memory fragmentation and loop-based state updates. We introduce ASCENT (agent-based simulation using computationally efficient nested tensors), a tensor-oriented approach that reformulates agent state, interactions, and transitions as tensor programs, which enables population-level vectorised computation on commodity GPU hardware. ASCENT supports heterogeneous agent attributes, stochastic state transitions, spatially explicit movement, and machine-learning–driven behaviours, while substantially reducing the traditional trade-off between expressiveness and computational scale. Applied to modelling of gene drive mosquito dynamics on Príncipe Island, ASCENT can simulate millions of individual agents with full lifecycle, genetic inheritance, and spatial dispersal fidelity, demonstrating that a single strategically placed release achieves 95% allele prevalence within approximately 73 days. The emergent Allee effect threshold at $${\sim }$$ 300 individuals further validates the model’s ecological fidelity. These results demonstrate that our tensor-oriented reformulation enables population-scale agent-based simulation without sacrificing behavioural richness.
Herpes simplex virus detection and genomes from under-sampled, remote populations
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an endemic pathogen, infecting over half of all adults world-wide. HSV infection can cause a wide spectrum of disease outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infection or mild lesions to rare cases of infectious keratitis, encephalitis, and death. HSV genome sequences differ between individuals and within individuals. To date, the vast majority of publicly available HSV genomic data has come from Europe and North America. Populations in South America, Africa, and Asia are under-sampled, as are non-industrial (e.g., agricultural, pastoral) populations, for which the natural environment plays a large role in health and disease dynamics. We used Whatman FTA card stabilization of DNA to develop a procedure for capturing oral and genital swabs from a geographically isolated pastoralist population in a desert region of northern Namibia. This is the first study to document HSV genome sequences from this type of remote setting and these are the first HSV genomes from Namibia. The resulting HSV sequences, collected in 2015 and 2016 from remote settlements in Namibia, fit within the scope of viral genetic diversity previously defined by African strains. The methodological approaches developed in this study can be expanded to broaden viral detection, improve diagnostics, and raise public health awareness about the burden of pathogens in under-served populations.
Anomaly‑based intrusion detection system using multi‑objective farmland fertility algorithm
Orientation of Gp96 and Calreticulin T-cell epitopes in a multiepitope HPV16 E7 vaccine construct affects predicted immunostimulatory properties: An in silico and expression validation study
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) can be used as adjuvants to develop therapeutic vaccines, as they enhance the cross-presentation of related tumor antigens and stimulate T cells. In this study, the immunostimulatory properties of gp96 and calreticulin was evaluated to enhance HPV16 E7-based vaccines effectiveness. In silico evaluation was performed to select epitopes from HSPs based on high binding affinity to MHC-I/II, strong immunogenicity, and population coverage. Six novel multiepitope constructs harboring conserved epitopes of E7, gp96, and calreticulin were designed in different orientations. Molecular docking was performed between these constructs and signaling (TLRs) and endocytic (CD14, CD91, LOX-1, and SREC-1) receptors. After determination of an effective construct in molecular docking and MD simulation, prokaryotic expression plasmid containing eight (CTL/HTL) epitopes from HPV16 E7, gp96, and calreticulin in suitable orientation was prepared, and the recombinant multiepitope peptide was generated in E. coli system. Our data showed that the gp96-CRT-E7 construct had superior docking scores with receptors (especially TLR2 and LOX-1), suggesting stronger stimulation of both innate and adaptive immunity than other constructs. It was predicted to be non-toxic, non-allergenic, antigenic, immunogenic, and structurally stable. Moreover, the multiepitope gp96-CRT-E7 fusion peptide was expressed in the Rosetta strain under conditions of OD 600 : 0.6–0.7, 0.5 mM IPTG, temperature of 18ºC, and 24 hours after IPTG induction, and purified through affinity chromatography under native conditions. Generally, successful results of in silico and expression validation of the multiepitope gp96-CRT-E7 fusion peptide showed its strong potential as a novel candidate for HPV16 vaccine development.
Association and discriminatory performance of body roundness index for dysglycemia among adults in Ethiopia
Long noncoding RNA Gpr137b-ps mediates 15-PGDH-induced angiogenesis in brain microvasculature following tMCAO in mice
Background Angiogenesis is essential for recovery following ischemic stroke, as brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) drive vascular repair. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is a major regulator of endothelial function in some vascular contexts, but it is unknown whether 15-PGDH plays a significant role in angiogenesis following stroke. Notably, based on preliminary bioinformatics prediction of their 3’UTR interaction, we hypothesize that Gpr137b-ps—a pseudogene-derived lncRNA originating from Gpr137b—forms a regulatory link with 15-PGDH to modulate this process (i.e., post-stroke angiogenesis) by regulating 15-PGDH expression, though its specific functional mechanism in this context remains largely unknown. Methods To address this gap, we used mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in vivo and BMVEC oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in vitro. We modulated 15-PGDH via siRNA and Gpr137b-ps via mimics, and assessed angiogenesis using migration, tube formation, and cell-cycle assays, with expression and localization of key molecules verified by standard molecular techniques. Results Both MCAO and OGD/R successfully induced ischemia, with significant upregulation of 15-PGDH and Gpr137b-ps in ischemic tissues and BMVECs (P < 0.05). Despite this concurrent upregulation, 15-PGDH promoted angiogenesis (silencing reduced BMVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation; P < 0.01), whereas Gpr137b-ps overexpression suppressed 15-PGDH protein levels and inhibited angiogenesis—effects that were rescued by re-expressing 15-PGDH. Conclusion Together, our findings identify Gpr137b-ps/15-PGDH as a key feedback regulatory axis: while both Gpr137b-ps and 15-PGDH are upregulated under ischemia, Gpr137b-ps (a negative regulator of angiogenesis) suppresses 15-PGDH (a pro-angiogenic factor) to repress excessive post-stroke angiogenesis via inhibiting BMVEC proliferation, migration, and cell-cycle progression. The data support an association and partial dependency between this axis and angiogenic processes, highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target (e.g., via inhibiting Gpr137b-ps) for vascular repair after ischemic stroke.
Application of smartwatches in the wireless monitoring of patients in radiation-controlled areas: a pilot study
Comparison of AID users and non-users regarding glycemic control and diabetes distress: A mixed-methods study
Aim This study compared glycemic control and diabetes distress in individuals with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery (AID) systems versus those not using such systems, addressing a gap in research on psychosocial outcomes of diabetes technologies. Methods A sequential mixed-methods design was employed to examine differences between AID users and non-users. A total of 169 individuals with type 1 diabetes completed an online survey assessing HbA1c, total diabetes distress, and its subscales. Quantitative results were complemented by 12 follow-up interviews to provide contextual depth. Results The AID group (n = 80) showed significantly lower levels in HbA1c, total diabetes distress, and all subdimensions compared to the non-AID group (n = 89), which showed high CGM use (~94%). The largest effects emerged for Management Distress and Powerlessness . Interview data suggested that AID systems reduce the cognitive and emotional burden of diabetes self-management, which may explain these differences. Contrary to expectations, group differences in Hypoglycemia Distress and Negative Social Perception were smaller. This may be explained by the widespread use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems in the non-AID group, as participants from both groups reported CGM use to be helpful in reducing hypoglycemic events. Conclusions AID systems are associated with both, improved glycemic outcomes and enhanced psychosocial well-being. These findings underscore the multifaceted benefits of AID systems and highlight the importance of incorporating psychosocial dimensions into the evaluation of diabetes technologies. The mixed-methods approach proved valuable in capturing both quantitative and experiential aspects, providing a more nuanced understanding of patient experiences.
Construction of circRNA-mediated ceRNA network and immunoassay for investigating pathogenesis of aspiration pneumonia
Outcome of distal femoral replacement: Influence of trauma vs. elective indications – A prospective single-center study
Background Distal femoral replacement (DFR) is often the last leg-saving option in advanced femoral bone defects after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and periprosthetic distal femoral fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the midterm outcome of DFR following periprosthetic fracture or elective TKA revision. Methods This prospective cohort study included 93 DFR patients (49 trauma, 44 elective) from 2010 to 2021. DFR for revision in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) or tumor resections were not included. Data on demographics, surgical history and reason of failure until DFR, revision rates, satisfaction and pain in mean 5 years postoperatively were collected. Revision incidence was estimated using cumulative incidence functions accounting for death as a competing event, while patient mortality was analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimation. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess which parameters were associated with DFR revision. Results Trauma patients had in mean 1.5 (SD 0.9) prior surgeries, while elective patients had 3.1 (SD 1.5), p < 0.001. Satisfaction was higher after trauma (6.9/10) compared to elective DFR (5.4/10). The 1- and 5-year cumulative incidence of revision was 4.1% and 13.9% in trauma patients and 7.0% and 42.0% in elective patients, respectively. The 1- and 5-years mortality rates were 18.7% and 47.5% (trauma) and 6.9% and 16.8% (elective). Female sex was associated with lower, previous constraint TKA, and elective indication were associated with higher revision risk. Conclusion There were higher revision rates but lower mortality in elective DFR compared to trauma patients, mainly caused by pre-existing conditions. Surgeons should take this into consideration during shared decision making for DFR. Registry and the registration number of the study German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS). DRKS-ID: DRKS00036378.
Computational investigation of hinokiflavone as a potential inhibitor of FabH in Paenibacillus larvae using QSAR, docking and molecular dynamics approaches
Numerical simulation study on the energy dissipation characteristics of energy-dissipating pile-anchor structures
This study investigates the energy dissipation mechanisms and damage evolution of energy-dissipating and ductile pile-anchor structures under seismic loading through numerical simulation. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed, incorporating the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model for simulating concrete behavior, a microscopic model for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, specifically Engineered Cementitious Composite, and a static-dynamic boundary conversion method to enhance analysis accuracy. A series of parametric studies were conducted to analyze the effects of pile stiffness, pile-soil interface roughness, and the use of Engineered Cementitious Composite ductile members on the structural response. Key findings indicate that: (1) The Concrete Damaged Plasticity model combined with the 3D microscopic model effectively simulates the dynamic damage characteristics of concrete and Engineered Cementitious Composite. (2) Increasing pile stiffness reduces pile damage but can increase soil plastic deformation beyond an optimal point, highlighting the need for balanced stiffness and deformation capacity. (3) Increasing the pile-soil friction coefficient alters the failure mode and energy dissipation pattern of the pile due to changes in eccentric axial force and additional bending moment. (4) Engineered Cementitious Composite members significantly reduce structural damage and enhance energy dissipation capacity, particularly under strong seismic motions, by maintaining integrity and fully activating damping devices.