Browse Articles

Reducing normalized mean square error during channel estimation using minimum pilot symbols in massive MIMO network

High‐Performance Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystals Discovery Guided by High‐Throughput Computation, Machine Learning, and Experimental Verification

ABSTRACT Infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are essential for laser and photonic technologies, limited by fragmented material systems, lengthy development cycles, and trial‐and‐error synthesis. To overcome these barriers, we developed an integrated computational‐experimental framework integrating first‐principles high‐throughput calculations, machine learning, and targeted synthesis. We establish a multidimensional properties dataset of 1807 non‐centrosymmetric compounds and define a comprehensive figure of merit (CFOM) Q based on the statistical average of this dataset to quantify performance trade‐offs. Multidimensional statistical analysis uncovers composition–structure–performance relationships, and reveals superior structure and chemical compositions governing enhanced NLO performance. A Q ‐based crystal graph neural network classifier is developed, achieving strong predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.95). We identify 12 unreported candidates ( Q  > 2) from 5105 compounds combining high‐throughput calculation and machine learning. Experiments confirm that defect‐chalcopyrite HgAl 2 Q 4 ( Q  = S, Se, Te) shows wide band gaps (1. 55–2.82 eV), suitable birefringence (0.06–0.08), and strong NLO responses (2.2–5 × AGS). This work provides an effective pathway for accelerating the discovery of high‐performance optoelectronic materials.

Self-supervised multimodal transformer for fine-grained detection of controlled perturbation events in piano performance

1,4‐Digermacyclopenta‐1,3‐diene: Continuous Cyclic σ*–π Delocalization Enables Aromatic Stabilization in a Heavy‐Element 4π System

ABSTRACT Aromaticity in heavy‐element systems can arise from unconventional modes of cyclic electron delocalization that are not accessible in lighter‐element frameworks. Herein, we report 1,4‐digermacyclopenta‐1,3‐diene as an unusual aromatic system in which a formally 4π electron framework is stabilized through cooperative σ*–π interactions. X‐ray crystallography reveals a nearly planar [Ge 2 C 3 ] ring, while magnetic and electronic analyses (NICS, GIMIC, ACID, and EDDB) consistently indicate significant aromatic stabilization. In particular, GIMIC calculations show a pronounced diatropic ring current with an average strength of +8.38 nA T −1 . Natural bond orbital analysis reveals that this stabilization originates from σ*–π delocalization involving the Ge–Ge bond and adjacent π orbitals. Despite a low‐lying open‐shell contribution (y ≈ 0.11), the system remains predominantly closed‐shell. Notably, this system represents a rare case in which σ*–π interactions form a continuous cyclic delocalization pathway, resulting in a distinct form of aromatic stabilization.

Arsenic exposure promotes retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and oxidative stress via NF-κB pathway

Sodiophilic Hosts With Pseudocapacitive Kinetics for Robust Anode‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries

ABSTRACT Anode‐free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs) promise high energy density and simplified fabrication, yet require repeated sodium nucleation on the current collector surface after the complete stripping in each cycle. Here, we present a strategy utilizing sodiophilic hosts with pseudocapacitive kinetics to realize durable and efficient nucleation processes in AFSMBs, together with a scalable synthesis route for these hosts. To illustrate, a highly sodiophilic host was constructed by integrating pseudocapacitive T‐Nb 2 O 5 into amorphous carbon nanotubes (aCNTs) through in situ self‐assembly. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that T‐Nb 2 O 5 domains can simultaneously preserve their structural integrity, minimize Na consumption, accelerate Na transport, and ensure reversible redox reactions, thereby establishing robust nucleation sites. Consequently, the T‐Nb 2 O 5 @aCNTs host achieves highly reversible and uniform Na deposition, delivering an ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98% over 800 cycles in half‐cells and long cycling over 900 h in symmetric cells under harsh conditions. When paired with a high‐mass‐loading Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode (15 or 30 mg cm −2 ), the full cells exhibit high energy density and stable cycling performance. Moreover, the anode‐free pouch cell maintains favorable capacity retention over 100 cycles at 2 C. The proposed host design concept with scalable manufacturing capability opens a universal pathway toward practical high‐performance AFSMBs.

Benchmarking criteria to determine latent linear dimensionality in neural data

Gas capture and selective sensing performance of graphene-like AlNC2 monolayer: a DFT study

Boosted Durability and Diffusion Kinetics of High‐Potential Azopyridines for Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries

ABSTRACT High‐potential organic redox‐active molecules are crucial for high‐energy‐density aqueous organic flow batteries (AOFBs). Azopyridine (AZO) derivatives with high redox potential (0.86 V vs. SHE) suffer from structural rearrangement instability and slow redox kinetics during the oxidation process. Herein, we achieve dual‐target modulation of the electronic structure and dynamic steric hindrance, which increases the bond energy of the azo bond and buffers the drastic change of redox‐induced molecular structure. Thus, the azo bond cleavage and nucleophilic side reactions were suppressed, thereby simultaneously promoting the redox potential (0.9 V vs. SHE) and stability. Further modulation of the solvation shell anions also alleviates molecular aggregation and minimizes solvation reorganization energy, thereby markedly increasing the cell energy efficiency by ∼60%. The AZO‐based AOFB demonstrated robust durability for 7000 cycles (>1400 h). Impressively, the cell sustained over 1250 cycles at high electron concentrations of 2.4 M, achieving an energy density of 70.4 Wh L catholyte  −1 . This work establishes an integrated molecular and solvation‐structure design paradigm for realizing durable and high‐energy‐density AOFBs.

Anti-inflammatory effects of taurocholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid from rainbow trout spleen extract via NF-κB suppression

Topology‐Driven Conformational Constraint Enables High‐Temperature Organic Phosphorescence

ABSTRACT Achieving organic phosphorescence that remains stable at elevated temperatures is challenging because thermally activated molecular motions typically accelerate non‐radiative decay of triplet excitons. Here, we report a topology‐driven conformational constraint strategy to enable high‐temperature organic phosphorescence. A hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular framework constructed from melamine and terephthalic acid serves as a rigid scaffold that imposes topological confinement on embedded terphenyl‐based emitters. Comparative studies using emitters with linear, bent, and trigonal‐like geometries reveal a clear geometry‐dependent trend in phosphorescence performance, suggesting that increased connectivity within the hydrogen‐bonded network strengthens conformational constraint and reduces non‐radiative relaxation pathways. Consistent with this topology–phosphorescence relationship, the system integrating trigonal‐like emitters exhibits persistent phosphorescence with a lifetime of up to 1.22 s at room temperature and retains long‐lived emission of 344 ms even at 150°C. Benefiting from the excellent environmental stability, the phosphorescent materials can be integrated into polymer matrices to fabricate flexible luminescent films that operate under high‐temperature conditions. This work highlights topology‐driven conformational constraint as an effective design strategy for developing environmentally robust organic phosphorescent materials.

Cardiac biomarkers combined with neuroimaging localization predict long-term outcomes in acute stroke patients

In Situ Interfacial Polymerization Enabling a Dual‐Anchor Surface Binding Interlayer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

ABSTRACT Surface defects such as iodine vacancies initiate lattice degradation via I − migration and proton transfer, resulting in structural collapse. This degradation propagates into the bulk via coupled ion and vacancy diffusion, thereby accelerating irreversible performance decay. Conventional surface‐passivation methods are often limited by weak intermolecular interactions and suboptimal stability. In this study, we developed an in situ interfacial polymerization strategy that leverages the reaction between amino and acyl chloride groups via room‐temperature condensation polymerization. This interlayer enabled multi‐anchoring via strong hydrogen and coordination bonds by ─NH and ─C═O groups, which doubled the binding energy for effective defect suppression. Furthermore, Poly‐PT interlayer that enables an n‐type surface induced favorable band bending and improved morphological contact, facilitating electron transport to achieve excellent device efficiency. Finally, this stable interlayer inhibited environmental ingress and ion migration, conducive to device stability. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells achieved a high efficiency of 26.12% and demonstrated outstanding stability: unencapsulated devices retaining 85% of their initial efficiency following 2300 h of maximum‐power‐point tracking under one‐sun illumination and 1680 h of storage at 65°C. This study provides a highly effective surface passivation solution and demonstrates the potential of in situ polymerization for durable, high‐performance perovskite devices.

Synergistic effects of phosphogypsum and wheat varieties on saline–sodic soil properties and wheat productivity in Ethiopia

Electronegativity Adaption Approach for Solar‐Blind UV Birefringent Crystals With Ultrawide Bandgaps

ABSTRACT Birefringent crystals are essential for modern optics for their ability to modulate light polarization. The steretochemically active lone‐pair (SCALP) effect can typically confer high birefringence for materials by driving anisotropic distribution of an electronic clouds. However, a major limitation of SCALP‐based birefringent crystals is the obvious red‐shift of UV transparency window. Herein, we propose an electronegativity‐adaption approach to widen the UV transparency of lone‐pair birefringent crystals. We show that ternary tellurite fluorides, ATeF 5 (A = K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 ) featuring unique [TeF 5 ] − unit, exhibit significantly blue‐shifted cut‐off edges and ultrawide bandgaps exceeding 5 eV, indicating excellent solar‐blind UV transparency. Notably, NH 4 TeF 5 achieves a very short UV cut‐off edge of 218 nm (corresponding to bandgap of 5.69 eV) and a large birefringence value of 0.130@550 nm, making it the SCALP‐based material with the largest bandgap among those with birefringence over 0.1. Electronic structures analysis reveals that the adaptable electronegativity between F ligands and the Te IV center lowers the HOMO of [TeF 5 ] − more rapidly than its LUMO energy compared to other SCALP‐based units, thereby widening the bandgaps of resulting compounds. This work provides valuable insights for bandgap engineering in birefringent materials and opens up new avenues for designing solar‐blind UV optical crystals with SCALP motifs.

Coupled Geant4–SPICE optimization of a portable CdTe-based alpha detector for environmental radon monitoring

Highly Crystalline and Porous Borocarbonitrides as Metal‐Free Catalysts for Boosted N‐Heterocycle Dehydrogenation

ABSTRACT Safe and efficient hydrogen storage is pivotal for enabling a clean hydrogen economy. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) offer a practical solution, but their deployment is hindered by the lack of highly active and economical dehydrogenation catalysts. Here, we report a metal‐free catalyst design that overcomes the long‐standing trade‐off between crystallinity and surface area in two‐dimensional frameworks for highly efficient dehydrogenation of LOHCs. A flux‐assisted reconstruction strategy transforms amorphous borocarbonitrides (AM‐BCN) into highly crystalline, defect‐rich BCN nanosheets (C‐BCN) with large surface area and accessible porosity, as confirmed by complementary spectroscopic, x‐ray, and neutron analyses. C‐BCN catalyzes the acceptor‐less dehydrogenation of aza‐fused LOHCs with quantitative hydrogen release under mild conditions, outperforming AM‐BCN and previously reported metal‐free scaffolds. Mechanistic insights from x‐ray, neutron scattering, and theoretical calculations identify open C‐B‐N and N‐B‐N defect motifs as the primary active sites. This work establishes a generalizable strategy to engineer crystalline, porous, defect‐rich two‐dimensional lattices and demonstrates a highly active metal‐free platform for LOHC dehydrogenation with high‐purity H 2 generation.

Expanded Gene Targeting in RNA Hacking With G‐Tract‐Supply Staple Oligomers

ABSTRACT RNA hacking (RNAh) is a gene regulation technology that employs a short oligonucleotide, termed a Staple oligomer, to induce the formation of RNA G‐quadruplex structures on target mRNAs. While RNAh has the potential to target approximately 65% of human mRNAs, its applicability to the remaining genes is restricted by the sequence constraints. Herein, we present the G‐tract‐supply Staple oligomer (Gs‐Staple oligomer), designed to expand the range of targetable mRNAs within the RNAh framework. Incorporating G‐tracts into Staple oligomers alleviates the sequence constraints, enabling access to a broader range of mRNA targets. Gs‐Staple oligomers effectively suppressed the translation of target proteins in mammalian cells and in vivo. Furthermore, the gene suppression could be precisely modulated by adjusting the linker length between the G‐tracts. These findings have significantly expanded the versatility of RNAh, suggesting its potential for further development while highlighting its potential to be utilized as a nucleic acid‐based tool for research and clinical medicine.

The mediating role of health-related behaviors between social capital and primary healthcare physicians’ health-related quality of life

Photo‐click Proteolysis‐Targeting Chimeras Enable Intracellular Generation of PROTACs for Precise Dual Protein Degradation

ABSTRACT Proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging therapeutic modality via targeted protein degradation, but plagued by concerns about systemic toxicity and a poor pharmacokinetic profile. To tackle the issues, we have devised a photo‐click proteolysis targeting chimera (PCPTAC) that enables spatiotemporally controllable intracellular synthesis of PROTACs by photo‐triggered bioorthogonal ligation. A photocaged dibenzosilacycloheptyne (photo‐DBSH) and the complementary azide were deployed to tag the oncoprotein ligands (i.e., (+)‐JQ1 for BRD4 and Olaparib for PARP1) and the E3 ligase ligand (i.e., Pomalidomide for CRBN), respectively, for a proof‐of‐concept study and potential treatment for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Upon light irradiation, photo‐DBSH‐JQ1/‐Olap was rapidly uncaged to give the reactive cycloalkyne‐JQ1/‐Olap, which immediately underwent a strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition with azide‐Pomalidomide, in situ generating dual PROTACs for simultaneous degradation of BRD4 and PARP1 in TNBC MDA‐MB‐231 cells, with 25‐ and 2.4‐fold more potent antiproliferative activity than the un‐irradiated inhibitors and the corresponding PROTAC combination, respectively (IC 50  = 0.032 µM vs. 0.846 µM and 0.075 µM). Further in zebrafish models, PCPTAC promoted BRD4 degradation leading to thinner yolk sac extension and achieved 94% tumor inhibition in HeLa xenografts. This split‐and‐photoclick strategy paves a new avenue for developing safer and more efficacious PROTACs with synergistic antitumor effects.