Workplace inequities and health outcomes among Black professionals in Canada

Abstract

Background Anti-Black racism in Canada remains a significant barrier to the career advancement and overall well-being of Black professionals. Despite the existence of policies and legislation aimed at reducing workplace discrimination, Black Canadians continue to face systemic racism, microaggressions, and various forms of discrimination that hinder their professional growth and contribute to a hostile work environment. Objective This study explores the specific manifestations of anti-Black racism in Canadian workplaces, examines the physical and mental health impacts on Black professionals, and investigates the responses and coping mechanisms employed by these individuals in the face of racism. Methods A qualitative study was conducted involving semi-structured interviews with 24 Black professionals from diverse sectors, including healthcare, information technology, academia, and public service. Participants were selected based on their professional experience and self-identification as Black. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed using LeximancerTM software to identify recurring themes and patterns. Results The study identified three primary themes: (1) Mechanisms of anti-Black racism, including microaggressions, overt bias, and tokenism; (2) Impacts of anti-Black racism, such as mental health trauma, career stagnation, and exacerbation of chronic health conditions; and (3) Responses of Black professionals, including code-switching, self-preservation behaviors, and early exit from the workplace. The findings reveal that despite high academic achievement and leadership positions, Black professionals face persistent discrimination that affects their career trajectories and personal lives. Conclusion Anti-Black racism in Canadian workplaces is deeply entrenched and continues to negatively impact the lives and careers of Black professionals. The study highlights the need for more effective diversity and inclusion initiatives that address the root causes of racism. Further research is recommended to explore the economic and psychological impacts of anti-Black racism and to develop strategies to mitigate its effects in the workplace.