Wearable intelligent throat enables natural speech in stroke patients with dysarthria

C Chenyu Tang (Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge) S Shuo Gao (School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University) C Cong Li W Wentian Yi (Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge) Y Yuxuan Jin (The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge) X Xiaoxue Zhai S Sixuan Lei H Hongbei Meng Z Zibo Zhang (Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge) M Muzi Xu (Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge) S Shengbo Wang X Xuhang Chen (Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge) C Chenxi Wang (Academy of Military Medical Science, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science) H Hongyun Yang N Ningli Wang W Wenyu Wang (Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy) J Jin Cao (Tianjin University of Technology , , ,) X Xiaodong Feng P Peter Smielewski (Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge) Y Yu Pan (College of Materials Science and Engineering and Center of Quantum Materials & Devices) W Wenhui Song M Martin Birchall L Luigi G. Occhipinti (Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge)

Abstract

Abstract Wearable silent speech systems hold significant potential for restoring communication in patients with speech impairments. However, seamless, coherent speech remains elusive, and clinical efficacy is still unproven. Here, we present an AI-driven intelligent throat (IT) system that integrates throat muscle vibrations and carotid pulse signal sensors with large language model (LLM) processing to enable fluent, emotionally expressive communication. The system utilizes ultrasensitive textile strain sensors to capture high-quality signals from the neck area and supports token-level processing for real-time, continuous speech decoding, enabling seamless, delay-free communication. In tests with five stroke patients with dysarthria, IT’s LLM agents intelligently corrected token errors and enriched sentence-level emotional and logical coherence, achieving low error rates (4.2% word error rate, 2.9% sentence error rate) and a 55% increase in user satisfaction. This work establishes a portable, intuitive communication platform for patients with dysarthria with the potential to be applied broadly across different neurological conditions and in multi-language support systems.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 17, Issue 1
Published January 19, 2026
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (23)

C

Chenyu Tang

Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

S

Shuo Gao

School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University

C

Cong Li

W

Wentian Yi

Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

Y

Yuxuan Jin

The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge

X

Xiaoxue Zhai

S

Sixuan Lei

H

Hongbei Meng

Z

Zibo Zhang

Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

M

Muzi Xu

Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

S

Shengbo Wang

X

Xuhang Chen

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge

C

Chenxi Wang

Academy of Military Medical Science, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science

H

Hongyun Yang

N

Ningli Wang

W

Wenyu Wang

Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy

J

Jin Cao

Tianjin University of Technology , , ,

X

Xiaodong Feng

P

Peter Smielewski

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge

Y

Yu Pan

College of Materials Science and Engineering and Center of Quantum Materials & Devices

W

Wenhui Song

M

Martin Birchall

L

Luigi G. Occhipinti

Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge