Views of EU citizens on economic growth and implications for climate policy

Abstract

Abstract Although economic growth remains a central objective in policymaking and political discourse, its compatibility with environmental sustainability is increasingly contested. Yet it remains unclear whether this debate is reflected in public opinion. We therefore undertake a cross-national survey of 16,781 people across 13 EU countries to assess citizens’ attitudes in this regard. We find that nearly 60% of citizens express pro-growth views, seeing economic growth as essential for a sustainable society. Of these, more than half hold a moderate and less than half a strong pro-growth view. Additionally, a third of respondents show indifference about growth, while less than 10% hold views that are sceptical about growth. Wealthier countries with less income inequality show lower support for economic growth. Pro-growth attitudes correlate positively with both self-enhancement and self-transcendence values, suggesting that citizens may view growth not only as a means for personal advancement but also as a pathway to collective wellbeing. Growth attitudes have no significant association with climate concern or climate policy support, suggesting a more nuanced picture than a traditional trade-off narrative.