Using the task-technology fit model to examine the use of telemedicine applications by general practitioners in Indonesia: A qualitative study

Abstract

Telemedicine has been recognized for improving healthcare accessibility and cost efficiency. However, telemedicine applications still face several limitations that must be addressed to better support users and their tasks. This study adopted the task-technology fit (TTF) model, encompassing task, technology, TTF, utilization, and performance impact aspects, to qualitatively explore general practitioners’ (GPs) perspectives and experiences regarding the use of telemedicine applications for remote healthcare services. Unlike prior telemedicine and TTF studies that predominantly employ quantitative approaches, this study provides an integrated qualitative examination of physicians’ clinical tasks, corresponding technology requirements, perceived TTF, utilization patterns, and performance impact of telemedicine applications, offering richer insights into real-world telemedicine use from physicians’ perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 GPs experienced in remote consultations. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings show that GPs engage in a wide range of clinical tasks during telemedicine consultations. From a technological perspective, telemedicine applications must meet specific requirements to effectively support each of these tasks. Several critical application requirements were identified, particularly those related to clinical communication, data and service integration, and clinical task support. While telemedicine applications generally support physicians’ clinical tasks and contribute to improved efficiency, effectiveness, service quality, and physician–patient communication, significant gaps remain. This study offers valuable insights for telemedicine providers in designing strategies to optimize telemedicine applications in supporting physicians’ tasks, which in turn may enhance physicians’ utilization of telemedicine and improve their performance. In addition, policymakers and regulators may use the results to establish regulatory guidelines regarding the scope of services and standards for safe and standardized telemedicine practice.