Untethered Soft Robots Based on 1D and 2D Nanomaterials
Abstract
Abstract Biological structures exhibit autonomous and intelligent behaviors, such as movement, perception, and responses to environmental changes, through dynamic interactions with their surroundings. Inspired by natural organisms, future soft robots are also advancing toward autonomy, sustainability, and interactivity. This review summarizes the latest achievements in untethered soft robots based on 1D and 2D nanomaterials. First, the performance of soft actuators designed with different structures is compared. Then, the development of basic locomotion forms, including crawling, jumping, swimming, rolling, gripping, and multimodal, mimicking biological motion mechanisms under dynamic stimuli, is discussed. Subsequently, various self‐sustained movements based on imbalance mechanisms under static stimuli are introduced, including light tracking, self‐oscillating, self‐crawling, self‐rolling, and flying. Following that, the progress in soft actuators integrated with additional functionalities such as sensing, energy harvesting, and storage is summarized. Finally, the challenges faced in this field and the prospects for future development are discussed.
Article Details
Authors (7)
Jingwen He
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Institute of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
Peng Huang
Bingjue Li
School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 P. R. China
Youqiang Xing
School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 P. R. China
Ze Wu
Tung‐Chun Lee
Institute for Materials Discovery University College London (UCL) London WC1H 0AJ UK
Lei Liu