Uncovering the viral aetiology of undiagnosed acute febrile illness in Uganda using metagenomic sequencing

S Shirin Ashraf H Hanna Jerome D Daniel Lule Bugembe D Deogratius Ssemwanga T Timothy Byaruhanga J John Timothy Kayiwa R Robert Downing J Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez M Maria G. Salazar J James G. Shepherd C Craig Wilkie C Chris Davis N Nicola Logan S Sreenu B. Vattipally G Gavin S. Wilkie A Ana da Silva Filipe A Alfred Ssekagiri P Prossy Namuwulya H Henry Bukenya B Brian K. Kigozi W Weronika Witkowska McConnell B Brian J. Willett S Stephen Balinandi J Julius Lutwama P Pontiano Kaleebu J Josephine Bwogi E Emma C. Thomson

Abstract

Abstract Viruses associated with acute febrile illness in Africa cause a spectrum of clinical disease from mild to life-threatening. Routine diagnostic methods are insufficient to identify all viral pathogens in this region. In this study, 1281 febrile Ugandan patients were prospectively recruited as part of the CDC-UVRI Acute Febrile Illness Study and pre-screened for common pathogens. 210/1281 undiagnosed samples, and 20 additional samples from viral outbreaks were subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Viral pathogens were identified in 44/230 (19%), including respiratory, hepatitis, blood-borne, gastrointestinal and vector-borne viruses. Importantly, one case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and two cases each of Rift Valley fever, dengue and yellow fever were detected in 7/230 (3%) of cases. Le Dantec virus, last reported in 1969, was also identified in one patient. The presence of high-consequence and (re-)emerging viruses of public health concern highlights the need for enhanced population-based diagnostic surveillance in the African region.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published March 23, 2025
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (27)

S

Shirin Ashraf

H

Hanna Jerome

D

Daniel Lule Bugembe

D

Deogratius Ssemwanga

T

Timothy Byaruhanga

J

John Timothy Kayiwa

R

Robert Downing

J

Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez

M

Maria G. Salazar

J

James G. Shepherd

C

Craig Wilkie

C

Chris Davis

N

Nicola Logan

S

Sreenu B. Vattipally

G

Gavin S. Wilkie

A

Ana da Silva Filipe

A

Alfred Ssekagiri

P

Prossy Namuwulya

H

Henry Bukenya

B

Brian K. Kigozi

W

Weronika Witkowska McConnell

B

Brian J. Willett

S

Stephen Balinandi

J

Julius Lutwama

P

Pontiano Kaleebu

J

Josephine Bwogi

E

Emma C. Thomson