Ultrahigh‐Efficiency Zinc‐Air Batteries Enabled by Defect‐Engineered Biomass Carbon and Dynamic Nickel Redox Mediation

Y Yongfa Huang (School of light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking & Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China) T Tingzhen Li (School of light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking & Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China) Z Zhenzhen Wu (Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, School of Environment and Science) W Wu Yang (State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine) Z Zhendong Liu (School of Light Industry and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking & Paper-based Materials) J Jianyun Gan (School of light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking & Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China) R Ren Zou E Emmanuel Iwuoha (Sensor Lab (UWC Sensor Laboratories) Department of Chemistry University of the Western Cape Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa) U Usisipho Feleni (Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS) College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Private Bag X6, Florida Science Campus Johannesburg 1709 South Africa) J Jianwei Ren (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, cnr Lynnwood Road and Roper Street, Hatfield 0028, South Africa) K Kasim Ocakoglu (Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences Faculty of Engineering Tarsus University Tarsus 33400 Turkey) L Linxin Zhong (School of Light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China) X Xinwen Peng (School of Light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China)

Abstract

Abstract Coupled zinc‐air batteries (CZABs) are promising in future energy storage and conversion solutions because of their potential for enhanced energy efficiency and boosted power density. However, sluggish reaction kinetics at the cathode remain a key challenge, leading to cycling instability and insufficient battery performance. In this study, a rational interfacial etching method is developed to fabricate nitrogen‐doped and defect‐rich carbon catalysts from the low‐cost eucalyptus waste. The precise formation of carbon vacancies, driven by synergistic spatial confinement domains and oxygen‐containing functional groups exposed on eucalyptus precursors, promotes the reconstruction of pyridinic nitrogen (Py‐N) coordination. This induces local electron redistribution, enhancing charge transfer efficiency at adjacent Py‐N sites, and optimizing *O/*OH adsorption–desorption kinetics, thereby significantly boosting the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Additionally, the integration of self‐adaptive Ni 2+ /Ni 3+ redox pair into the cathode effectively mitigates the oxygen evolution reaction and thus reduces voltage delay by 0.12 V. The resulting CZABs achieve 82% energy efficiency at 5 mA cm −2 and 77% after 400 h, which is rarely reported. This work elucidates the intricate mechanism of defect formation during biomass pyrolysis and presents a scalable, cost‐effective strategy for producing high‐efficiency catalysts, offering a promising strategy toward advanced energy storage systems.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 5
Published January 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

Y

Yongfa Huang

School of light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking & Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China

T

Tingzhen Li

School of light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking & Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China

Z

Zhenzhen Wu

Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, School of Environment and Science

W

Wu Yang

State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Z

Zhendong Liu

School of Light Industry and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking & Paper-based Materials

J

Jianyun Gan

School of light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking & Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China

R

Ren Zou

E

Emmanuel Iwuoha

Sensor Lab (UWC Sensor Laboratories) Department of Chemistry University of the Western Cape Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa

U

Usisipho Feleni

Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS) College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Private Bag X6, Florida Science Campus Johannesburg 1709 South Africa

J

Jianwei Ren

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, cnr Lynnwood Road and Roper Street, Hatfield 0028, South Africa

K

Kasim Ocakoglu

Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences Faculty of Engineering Tarsus University Tarsus 33400 Turkey

L

Linxin Zhong

School of Light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China

X

Xinwen Peng

School of Light Industry and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper‐based Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China