Type I interferon-activated NK cells control polycythemia vera in vivo

J Johanna Lossa (University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany) T Tina M Schnöder (Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany) Z Zora Ronge (University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany) N Nelly Haasch (University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany) K Katrin Hodapp (University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany) F Federico Marini N Najla Abassi M Matthias M Gaida (University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany) S Shin-Jye Lee (PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan) A Alina Henrich M Michaela N Höhne-Wiechmann (TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany) C Carlos Thull Mogollón (University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany) K Kristian Schütze (University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany) M Matthias Klein T Tobias Bopp H Hansjörg Schild (7Research Center for Immunotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany) D Daniel Sasca (1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany) C Carl Claudius Crodel (Klinik für Innere Medizin II Abt. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany) F Florian H Heidel (Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany) S Steffen Koschmieder H Hans Christian Probst (University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany) M Markus P Radsak (University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany) S Sabine Muth (7Research Center for Immunotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany)

Abstract

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorder resulting in overproduction of erythrocytes. While Interferon-a (IFN-a) has shown therapeutic efficacy in PV and other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), its precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood. In this study, we identify natural killer (NK) cells as primary immune effectors responsive to IFN-a treatment in PV essential for disease control in vivo. Using a transgenic mouse model of PV, we demonstrate that IFN-a induces the expansion of CD27+ NK cells in the bone marrow. In patients with PV or ET undergoing IFN-a therapy, the frequency of CD56bright NK cells is increased and correlates with the molecular response. Depletion of NK cells abrogated the therapeutic effects of IFN-a. In vitro experiments demonstrate that NK cells preferentially killed Jak2VF mutant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in a TNF-a dependent manner and independent of IFN-g or NKG2D. Notably, PV mice depleted of NK cells or lacking type-I interferon (IFN) receptor on NK cells showed accelerated disease progression in the absence of exogenous IFN-a. This suggests that direct sensing of basal levels of type-I IFNs by NK cells is essential for attenuating disease progression, emphasizing a critical role for NK cells in immune surveillance of MPN. These findings offer new insights into type-I IFN-mediated immune modulation in MPN and highlight the potential of NK cell activation to improve therapeutic outcomes.

Article Details

Journal Blood
Volume / Issue Vol. 1, Issue 1
Published June 02, 2026
ISSN 0006-4971
Publisher Elsevier BV

Journal Info

Blood

Elsevier BV

ISSN: 0006-4971 Health Sciences

Authors (23)

J

Johanna Lossa

University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

T

Tina M Schnöder

Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany

Z

Zora Ronge

University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

N

Nelly Haasch

University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

K

Katrin Hodapp

University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

F

Federico Marini

N

Najla Abassi

M

Matthias M Gaida

University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany

S

Shin-Jye Lee

PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan

A

Alina Henrich

M

Michaela N Höhne-Wiechmann

TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany

C

Carlos Thull Mogollón

University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

K

Kristian Schütze

University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

M

Matthias Klein

T

Tobias Bopp

H

Hansjörg Schild

7Research Center for Immunotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

D

Daniel Sasca

1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

C

Carl Claudius Crodel

Klinik für Innere Medizin II Abt. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany

F

Florian H Heidel

Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany

S

Steffen Koschmieder

H

Hans Christian Probst

University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany

M

Markus P Radsak

University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

S

Sabine Muth

7Research Center for Immunotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany