Trends of malignant neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage across three decades.

Abstract

e23508 Background: Bone and articular cartilage malignant neoplasms are rare, yet they contribute an important contribution to the overall morbidity and mortality brought about by cancer globally. Geographical and socioeconomic factors have been linked with variations in the disease burden of these cancers, which primarily impact the skeleton and joints. From 1990 to the year 2021, this study focuses on worldwide variations in the number of cases of cartilage and bone cancers. Methods: 204 different countries and territories' datasets from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study have been reviewed over a 31-year timeframe. Linear regression was used on the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Age-Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMRs), and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) to determine the Average Annual Percent Changes (AAPC). Results: The analysis revealed regional differences in the burden of bone and cartilage malignancies. The regions with the highest positive AAPC in ASMR included Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (3.59), China (3.27), and Puerto Rico (2.65). Conversely, countries with the steepest declines in ASMR included the Russian Federation (-4.51), Estonia (-3.75), and the Republic of Moldova (-3.60). The global ASMR for bone malignancies declined with an AAPC of -0.72%. For DALYs and YLLs, the global AAPC was -0.54% and -0.59%, respectively. Increases in DALYs and YLLs were observed in countries such as Guyana (DALY: 4.14, YLL: 4.11) and Zimbabwe (DALY: 3.11, YLL: 3.14). In contrast, declines were recorded in Norway (DALY: -5.42, YLL: -5.55) and Costa Rica (DALY: -2.48, YLL: -2.58). The trend in YLDs showed a global increase with an AAPC of +0.09%. The largest increases in YLDs were seen in Guyana (YLD: 4.74) and Mauritius (YLD: 3.54), while Norway (-4.40) and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (-1.57) showed reductions. Conclusions: Despite the relatively small incidence rates, the global burden of bone diseases, as gauged by ASMR, DALY, and YLL, has steadily decreased in recent decades. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and China, identified among the increasing regions, may benefit from further investigation into the disease burden trends. Further studies should focus on identifying factors contributing to these changes. Outcome Global AAPC (95% CI) P-value Highest Increase AAPC (95% CI) Highest decline AAPC (95% CI) (Lowest) ASMRs -0.55 (-0.62 to -0.48) < 0.001 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3.59 (2.00 to 5.18) Russian Federation -4.51 (-5.10 to -3.92) DALYs -0.54 (-0.59 to -0.49) <0.0001 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4.23 (2.44 to 5.87) Estonia -3.65 (-4.12 to -3.18) YLLs -0.59 (-0.64 to -0.53) <0.0001 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4.11 (2.41 to 5.84) Russian Federation -5.55 (-5.96 to -5.14) YLDs 0.09 (0.04 to 0.14) 0.001 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -1.57 (-2.10 to -0.50) Norway -4.40 (-4.87 to -3.93)