Trends in mortality due to laryngeal carcinoma: A systemic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Abstract

e18141 Background: Laryngeal cancer is among the most common respiratory system malignancies. While significant strides have been made in its treatment over the past decade, disparities in outcomes persist globally. This study utilizes data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) to evaluate trends in laryngeal cancer from 1990 to 2021, focusing on mortality, morbidity, and regional variations. It identifies areas with the highest and lowest mortality and assesses changes over the last three decades. Methods: Data were drawn from the GBD study, examining metrics like mortality rates, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Analyses were conducted to quantify global and country-wise trends, evaluating overall and disease-specific morbidity. Linear regression was used to compute average annual percentage changes (AAPC) for trend analysis. Results: From 1990 to 2021, global laryngeal cancer mortality rates decreased from 1.35 to 2.15 per 100,000, with an AAPC of -1.66 (p < 0.001). The Republic of Korea and Singapore saw the largest reductions in mortality, with respective AAPCs of -5.65 and -4.90. Conversely, Chad and Lesotho experienced significant increases, with mortality rising from 0.80 to 1.36 and 2.02 to 3.08, respectively. DALY rates declined globally from 59.30 to 35.80 per 100,000 (AAPC = -1.82, p < 0.001), driven by improvements in countries like the Republic of Korea and Singapore. In contrast, Lesotho and Chad showed rising DALY trends. YLL rates also fell, with the Republic of Korea and Singapore achieving the most substantial decreases. However, countries like Lesotho and Chad faced notable increases in YLL rates, mirroring mortality trends. Global YLD rates dropped from 1.58 to 1.25 (AAPC = -0.89, p < 0.001), with Guatemala and Uzbekistan showing significant reductions. Meanwhile, Sri Lanka and Chad experienced increases in YLD rates. Conclusions: Over three decades, global laryngeal cancer mortality and DALY rates have significantly declined, particularly in countries like the Republic of Korea and Singapore, reflecting advances in healthcare. However, rising trends in Chad and Lesotho highlight persistent disparities in healthcare access and outcomes. Addressing inequities in high-burden regions is critical to improving global outcomes.