Timing‐Dependent Spiking Neural Network: Board‐Level Hardware Implementation with Photoelectroactive Van der Waals Synapses (Adv. Mater. 23/2026)

Seongjun Kim

Division of Electrical Engineering Hanyang University ERICA Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea

Jeong‐Ick Cho

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

Sungsoo Lee

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

YoonChul Shin

Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University 3 , Ansan 15588,

Je‐Jun Lee

Center of Quantum Technology, Post‐Silicon Semiconductor Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea

Taehyuk Jang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

Hyeonjung Kim

Division of Electrical Engineering Hanyang University ERICA Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea

Junhwa Oh

Division of Electrical Engineering Hanyang University ERICA Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea

Sanghyun Lee

Kwanghee Ko

Division of Electrical Engineering Hanyang University ERICA Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea

Juncheol Kang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

Junseo Lee

Matthew T. Flavin

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology

Dong‐Ho Kang

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea

Byung Chul Jang

School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea

Ji‐Hoon Ahn

Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Hanyang University ERICA Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea

Yoonmyung Lee

Sang Min Won

Jin‐Hong Park

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

Seyong Oh