The NAE1-mediated neddylation operates as an essential post-translational modification checkpoint for effector CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells

J Jiacheng Jin (Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University) R Ruohan Zhang (Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center) J Jianying Li (Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University) F Fengxia Gao (Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University) Z Zhiwei Liao (Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University) Y Yanbao Yu Y Yi Wang D Donna Bucci (Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University) M Min Xiao (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) R Ruilin Ma (Department of Chemistry, New York University) Q Qin Ma (School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China) S Shuaixin Gao (Human Nutrition Program and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University) J Jerry Lio (Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine) F Fernanda Novais (Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine) S Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang J Jiangjiang Zhu (Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University) H Hazem Ghoneim (Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University) H Haitao Wen Z Zihai Li N Nuo Sun G Gang Xin

Abstract

Optimal activation of CD8+ T cells is crucial for immunity-mediated destruction of cancer, requiring a substantial amount of proteins involved in metabolism, proliferation, and effector function. Despite extensive studies emphasizing the role of transcriptional regulation in this process, paired transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal that the RNA profile is poorly correlated with protein levels. This discrepancy underscores the importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in controlling protein abundance during activation. However, the impact of PTMs on the CD8+ T cell protein dynamic remains underexplored. We identify that neddylation, a recently discovered PTM, is activated in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and enriched in effector CD8+ T cells from colon cancer patients. Mechanistically, we found the rate-limiting enzyme of neddylation, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8 activating enzyme E1 (NAE1), is induced by the NFATc1, a critical transcription factor downstream of TCR signaling. Our observation revealed that genetic ablation of NAE1 significantly disturbed the proteomic landscape related to activation and mitochondrial function. As a result, CD8+ T cells lacking NAE1 exhibited severely compromised activation, proliferation, and survival, which was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial function. Consistently, deletion of NAE1 in CD8+ T cells abolished their antitumor function and promoted tumor progression. By contrast, the overexpression of NAE1 significantly improved the function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Overall, we uncovered neddylation, a previously underappreciated PTM, as a proteomic checkpoint for CD8+ T cell activation. Enforced expression of NAE1 offers promising therapeutic potential for boosting the antitumor CD8+ T cell responses.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 10
Published March 11, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (21)

J

Jiacheng Jin

Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University

R

Ruohan Zhang

Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

J

Jianying Li

Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University

F

Fengxia Gao

Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University

Z

Zhiwei Liao

Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University

Y

Yanbao Yu

Y

Yi Wang

D

Donna Bucci

Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University

M

Min Xiao

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

R

Ruilin Ma

Department of Chemistry, New York University

Q

Qin Ma

School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

S

Shuaixin Gao

Human Nutrition Program and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University

J

Jerry Lio

Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine

F

Fernanda Novais

Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine

S

Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang

J

Jiangjiang Zhu

Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University

H

Hazem Ghoneim

Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University

H

Haitao Wen

Z

Zihai Li

N

Nuo Sun

G

Gang Xin