The m5C orchestrator NSUN7 drives SPARC/HMGB1 axis–mediated inflammation to exacerbate kidney injury

Y Yu-hang Dong (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) S Shuai-shuai Xie (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) S Shuai Sun (Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering) Y Yu Ren (Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center) Q Qin Yang (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering) J Jie Wei (College of Energy, College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, College of Physical Science and Technology, Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials) R Rui Hou (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) X Xiang-Yu Li (Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science & Engineering) J Jing-wen Wu (School of Medicine, Tongji University) W Wen-xian Ma (Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University) J Ju-tao Yu (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) M Meng-ting He (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) C Chao Li J Jia-Nan Wang (Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences) M Ming-lu Ji (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) Z Zi-yi Liu (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) Z Ze-hui Dong (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) X Xiao-yu Shen (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) X Xin-yu Chen (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) X Xiao-guo Suo (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) W Wei Dong (Hangzhou Institute of Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences) J Juan Jin (School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University) J Jie Wang (State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China) W Wen-bin Wang (Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University) X Xiao-ming Meng (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University)

Abstract

Growing evidence indicates that kidney inflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Although RNA modifications have been implicated in regulating kidney inflammation, their precise roles remain largely unknown. Here, we show that kidney inflammation and injury were associated with elevated RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modifications, primarily driven by the NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 7 (NSUN7). Both global and kidney-specific deletion of Nsun7 in mice reduced m5C abundance, attenuated inflammatory responses, and decreased macrophage infiltration, underscoring its proinflammatory role in the kidney. Mechanistically, we identified secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC) as a major downstream effector of NSUN7. SPARC upregulation amplified inflammatory responses in renal tubular epithelial cells by interacting with high mobility group box 1 and further promoted proinflammatory macrophage infiltration via tubular-macrophage crosstalk. Notably, therapeutic silencing of Nsun7 using a kidney-specific DNA tetrahedral molecular carrier developed for this study effectively alleviated inflammation and improved renal outcomes in AKI models. Collectively, our findings identify NSUN7 as a key driver of renal inflammation via SPARC regulation and underscore its potential as a therapeutic target in inflammatory kidney diseases.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 13
Published March 31, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (25)

Y

Yu-hang Dong

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

S

Shuai-shuai Xie

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

S

Shuai Sun

Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering

Y

Yu Ren

Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Q

Qin Yang

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

J

Jie Wei

College of Energy, College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, College of Physical Science and Technology, Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials

R

Rui Hou

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

X

Xiang-Yu Li

Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science & Engineering

J

Jing-wen Wu

School of Medicine, Tongji University

W

Wen-xian Ma

Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University

J

Ju-tao Yu

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

M

Meng-ting He

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

C

Chao Li

J

Jia-Nan Wang

Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences

M

Ming-lu Ji

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

Z

Zi-yi Liu

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

Z

Ze-hui Dong

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

X

Xiao-yu Shen

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

X

Xin-yu Chen

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

X

Xiao-guo Suo

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

W

Wei Dong

Hangzhou Institute of Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences

J

Juan Jin

School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University

J

Jie Wang

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China

W

Wen-bin Wang

Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University

X

Xiao-ming Meng

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University